Evolution of relative helicity in active regions

The evolution dH _R/dt of relative helicity H _R provides a gauge-invariant measure of the helicity flow across the open surface S _o of an active region. With the incompressible approximation, reformulation of the evolution reveals that it is determined not only by the widely used cross-helicity h _mvp=A _pv contributed by the vector potential A _p of a reference potential field B _p, where v is the fluid velocity, but by another cross-helicity h _mvo=A _ov contributed by the vector potential A _o of the open field B _o in the region as well. Only under two conditions, (1) A _p=A (A is the transverse component of A _o), (2) v _z=0 (v _z is the longitudinal component of v) or A _z=0 (A _z is the longitudinal component of A _o), can h _mvo be merged into h _mvp to give the pioneering dH _R/dt equation shown in Equation (4) of Berger (1984). Results show that h _mvo originates from vh _o (h _o=A _oB _o is the helicity density of the open field) and should also be considered in dealing with the development of relative helicity in active regions. Finally, the equation to calculate dH _R/dt in active regions is synthesized and presented.     

Halo Profiles and the Nonlinear Two- and Three-Point Correlation Functions of Cosmological Mass Density

NGC 4945 is one of the brightest Seyfert galaxies on the sky at 100 keV, but is completely absorbed below 10 keV; its absorption column is probably the largest that still allows a direct view of the nucleus at hard X-ray energies. Our observations of it with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellite confirm the large absorption, which for a simple phenomenological fit using an absorber with solar abundances implies a column of 4.5+0.4-0.4x1024 cm(-2). Using a more realistic scenario (requiring Monte Carlo modeling of the scattering), we infer the optical depth to Thomson scattering of approximately 2.4. If such a scattering medium were to subtend a large solid angle from the nucleus, it should smear out any intrinsic hard X-ray variability on timescales shorter than the light-travel time through it. The rapid (with a timescale of approximately 1 day) hard X-ray variability of NGC 4945 discovered by us with RXTE implies that the bulk of the extreme absorption in this object does not originate in a parsec-size, geometrically thick molecular torus. Instead, the optically thick material on parsec scales must be rather geometrically thin, subtending a half-angle less than 10 degrees, and it is likely to be the same disk of material that is responsible for the water maser emission observed in NGC 4945. Local number counts of Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies show a large population of heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which are proposed to make up the cosmic X-ray background (CXRB). However, for this to be the case, the absorption geometry in the context of axially symmetric unification schemes must have the obscuring material subtending a large scale height-contrary to our inferences about NGC 4945-implying that NGC 4945 is not a prototype of obscured AGNs postulated to make up the CXRB. The small solid angle of the absorber, together with the black hole mass (of approximately 1.4x106 M( middle dot in circle)) from megamaser measurements, allows a robust determination of the nuclear luminosity, which in turn implies that the source radiates at approximately 10% of the Eddington limit.     

川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群（即ＳＬＣ）分析方法,通过有关ＳＬＣ特征参量的时间滑移分析,结合１９７０年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之７０年代和８０年代,９０年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为,ＳＬＣ方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性,可以用来分析地震活动趋势,是研究地震活动性的有用工具。     

天山公路沿线年降水量分布特征及其变化趋势

以天山公路沿线9个气象水文站1956～2005年年降水量资料为依据,采用均值统计参数和线性方程分析了天山公路沿线年降水量分布特征以及变化趋势,在此基础上,应用小波分析方法对天山公路沿线各桩号代表站年降水量做周期分析,结果表明:天山公路沿线多数路段的年降水时间序列包含了多个不同时间尺度的周期变化和演变特征,具有10～17a、8～9a以及5a以下的周期变化,10～30a时间尺度突变点多出现于20世纪80年代熏     

初始涡的结构与尺度对涡旋自组织影响的研究

在涡旋自组织动力学的框架内,实施了9组积分时间为72 h的试验,分析初始涡廓线与初始涡尺度对多涡自组织的作用。试验的初始场上,存在着12个大小不等的β和γ中尺度的涡。若初始涡廓线为高斯型,则这些涡不能自组织形成一个α中尺度的涡;若初始涡廓线为双正弦型、抛物线型或压缩型,则这个α中尺度的涡可以形成。此外,涡廓线不同,三涡流型出现的时间迟早不一,较大尺度α中尺度涡出现的时间也迟早不一。同时,初始涡的半径大小也是影响自组织过程成败的一个重要因素。     

改进的传染型余震序列模型

将有限幂律公式（LPL）应用到传染型余震序列模型（ETAS）中，并对原ETAS模型加以改进。以台湾集集地震早期余震序列为例，对原ETAS模型与改进的ETAS模型进行了对比分析，结果表明改进的ETAS模型要优于原ETAS模型。     

基于实测值分段线性内插模型的InSAR视线向同震位错分解-以青藏高原昆仑山MemＳsub8.1地震为例x,auto,auto,415px);}stylehf=httprztl.com business week launch

利用现场GPS定位的实测值，在尝试过最小二乘拟合并取得初步成果的基础上，进而采用更符合破裂带形态的线性立方插值函数，在破裂带主断面上，建立起一种理论与实测相结合的InSAR视线向(LOS)变化量的分解方程，得到了InSAR视线向位移分解的具有唯一性的解析解. 本文的解析法吸纳了GPS定点实测值的精度优势，利用InSAR全天候、准实时获取连续形变场的技术特点，通过数学近似，最终获得了主破裂带上连续变化的水平位错及垂直位错同震形变曲线.      

河南省气象服务短信平台

介绍了河南省气象短信运营平台的特点、结构和各模块的功能。     

Study on Statistical Features About Weak Earthquake Activity Before Moderately Strong Earthquakes in the Middle Northern Part of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Block

In regards to the earthquakes recording M ≥ 5.0 that occurred in middle northern part of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Block from 1970 - 2003, in this study we describe the temporal and spatial centralization features of the weak earthquakes and the enhancement and anomalous quiescence of their seismic activity before main shocks through 4 parameters, which are basically not correlated： earthquake time centralization degree parameter Ct, earthquake space centralization degree parameter Cd, η value and weak earthquake frequency and so on. On the basis of calculation results, it has been seen that before earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 took place in the middle northern part of the Qinghal-Xizang （Tibet） Block, the frequency of weak earthquakes often shows ascent and drop, their strength shows an obvious enhancement and the centralization distribution with time and space is evident.