Laboratory Experiments on an Internal Solitary Wave over a Triangular Barrier

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of interfacial internal solitary waves(ISWs) incident on a triangular barrier. ISWs with different amplitudes were generated by gravitational collapse. The ISW energy dissipation and turbulence processes were calculated as waves passed over the triangular barrier. Experimental results showed that ISWs were reflecting back off the triangular barrier, and shoaling ISWs led to wave breaking and mixing when waves propagated over the obstacle. Wave instability created the dissipation of energy as it was transmitted from waves to turbulence. The rate of ISW energy dissipation, the maximum turbulent dissipation, and the buoyancy diffusivity linearly increased with the increase in the incident wave energy.     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using hybrid integration approaches of fractal dimension with index of entropy and support vector machine

The loess area in the northern part of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, China is a region with frequently landslide occurrences. The main aim of this study is to quantitatively predict the extent of landslides using the index of entropy model(IOE), the support vector machine model(SVM) and two hybrid models namely the F-IOE model and the F-SVM model constructed by fractal dimension. First, a total of 179 landslides were identified and landslide inventory map was produced, with 70%(125) of the landslides which was optimized by 10-fold crossvalidation being used for training purpose and the remaining 30%(54) of landslides being used for validation purpose. Subsequently, slope angle, slope aspect, altitude, rainfall, plan curvature, distance to rivers, land use, distance to roads, distance to faults, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI), lithology, and profile curvature were considered as landslide conditioning factors and all factor layers were resampled to a uniform resolution. Then the information gain ratio of each conditioning factors was evaluated. Next, the fractal dimension for each conditioning factors was calculated and the training dataset was used to build four landslide susceptibility models. In the end, the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves and three statistical indexes involving positive predictive rate(PPR), negative predictive rate(NPR) and accuracy(ACC) were applied to validate and compare the performance of these four models. The results showed that the F-SVM model had the highest PPR, NPR, ACC and AUC values for training and validation datasets, respectively, followed by the F-IOE model.Finally, it is concluded that the F-SVM model performed best in all models, the hybrid model built by fractal dimension has advantages than original model, and can provide reference for local landslide prevention and decision making.     

Compression characteristics of saturated re-compacted glacial tills in Tianmo Gully of Tibet,China

Glacial tills are highly compressible soils composed of loosely cemented sandy silt particles. Their role, for instance, as initial filler materials in geo-technical projects along temperate glacier regions warrant a systematic evaluation of their compressive characteristics. As such, we carry out a series of onedimensional compression tests on re-compacted glacial till samples obtained from Tianmo Gully, Tibet, with the aims of evaluating their compressive behavior under controlled initial stress conditions. The yield stress was determined from the void ratio versus consolidation pressure(e-log) planes. Its compression and swelling behaviors were observed during the primary and secondary compressions of the consolidation tests. From the compression curves, a correlation can be found between the consolidation stress and the void index. In addition, we find that the compression curves of glacial tills collapse into a single curve when normalized by the compression index. The experimental results in this study provide a basic understanding of the compression characteristics of the glacial tills in Tibet, China.     

上海市居民居住迁移的区位选择及其影响因素研究

随着中国住房改革的推进,城市居民通过居住迁移进行住房调整的行为日趋频繁。居住迁移作为城市空间分异和重构的微观机制在城市地理学、住房研究中得到了广泛关注,然而现有研究主要考察居住迁移的发生概率和驱动因素,较少论及居住迁移中的区位选择。论文基于2018年“上海市居民住房和生活空间调查”问卷,采用生命历程和时间地理学视角,刻画居民居住迁移的时空轨迹,并使用多项逻辑斯蒂回归模型探究居住迁移前后居住区位变化的影响因素。研究发现,上海市居民居住迁移的主要区位选择为跨环线向外迁移,但不同世代、不同户口、不同住房产权的居民的居住区位选择有较大差异。生命历程中的年龄、可达性中的工作单位区位以及住房属性中的产权性质都是影响居住迁移区位选择的重要因素。     

河岸带潜流层动态过程与生态修复

河岸带潜流层是河岸带内地表水与地下水相互作用的生态交错带,在水文地理学、生态学、环境学上含义不尽相同。河岸带潜流层具有复杂的垂向、横向、纵向结构特征,其边缘效应显著,表现为泥沙、水流、生物、环境化学因子之间的复杂动态过程,主要包括水动力动态过程、生态学过程、溶质循环与化学过程等。水动力动态过程是驱动条件,氧气浓度是生态过程、溶质循环和化学过程的决定性因素。在各动态过程的驱动下,河岸带潜流层具有调蓄洪水、削减污染、净化缓冲环境和提供适宜栖息地等功能。针对河岸带潜流层功能退化的问题,需开展健康诊断,明确致病机理,实施适宜的生态修复。未来中国在开展河岸带潜流层研究时,应根据中国河岸带特点,采用示踪试验、数值模拟等方法,集成GIS等现代技术手段,研究多尺度下,水文条件、地形变化、土壤渗透系数、河岸带建设方式、植被分布等对河岸带潜流层水文、热传导、生化、生态等的影响机制,准确界定河岸带潜流层区域范围,制定适宜的生态修复策略。     

寻找相似天气过程的一种数学模型

该文介绍了一种寻找相似天气过程的数学模型，利用Saaty论述的方法[1]构造判别矩阵进行判别，从而计算出相似排序及相似度。该方法在3年多的预报业务中应用，效果良好。     

近50年青藏高原东部冬季积雪的时空变化特征

选取青藏高原东部地区1961-2010 年64 个测站的积雪数据,分析了冬季积雪日数的空间分布和年代际变化特征,结果表明：高原东部冬季积雪空间分布差异较大,巴颜喀拉山、唐古拉山和念青唐古拉山多雪且变率大,藏南谷地、川西干暖河谷地带及柴达木盆地少雪且变率小,这样的空间分布是由周边大气环流系统及复杂局地地形共同造成的;高原东部冬季积雪表现出“少—多—少”的年代际变化特征,分别在80 年代末和20 世纪末发生由少到多和由多到少的两次突变,尤其是20 世纪末的突变更为显著;降雪和气温的变化是影响积雪日数的重要因素,其中降雪的影响更为显著;80 年代末高原冬季降雪由少到多的突变是造成积雪日数发生相应变化的主要原因;20 世纪末高原冬季气温和降雪分别发生由低到高和由多到少突变,其影响叠加导致积雪日数发生了更为显著的突变。     

广域滑坡灾害隐患InSAR显著性形变区深度学习识别技术

全面识别和发现地质灾害隐患,已成为我国地质灾害防治的重大实际需求。目前,基于InSAR技术和深度学习相结合用于广域尺度下地质灾害隐患智能识别应用效果与适用性还需要进一步探索与研究。本文基于Stacking InSAR技术获得地表形变相位数据,利用深度学习检测识别正在变形的滑坡隐患位置与分布,确定显著性形变区边界,探索将上述技术方法推广到一定的广域范围和动态更新数据集。结果显示,测试数据集显著性形变区平均识别精度为0.69,召回率为0.67,F₁ score为0.67,动态更新数据集识别精度为0.85,召回率为0.58,F₁ score为0.68。研究表明,本文方法在广域地灾隐患识别中具有应用可行性,可为地质灾害监测预警提供理论基础与技术支撑。     

测绘应急保障测绘装备和资料的管理研究

通过建立测绘装备和测绘资料数据库,进行装备和资料的查询、分发操作,满足应急保障分队的测绘保障,提高了应急测绘保障能力。     

模糊综合评判法在新宾县地质灾害易发程度分区评价中的应用

结合辽宁省新宾县地质灾害发育情况,在充分分析影响该地区地质灾害发生发展的自然因素和人为因素基础上,应用模糊综合评判方法,通过网格单元剖分,对泥石流、崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷、地裂缝5种地质灾害进行易发程度划分与评价.结合Visual BASIC软件编程对各单元区评定等级,对其数字化结果进行叠加分析,最后应用Sufer 7.0软件生成等值线进行了新宾县地质灾害易发区的划分并作出评价.