不同对流层模型对GPS定位结果的影响

对流层延迟是GPS测量的主要误差源之一,低高度角卫星的对流层延迟影响更为严重.介绍对流层延迟对GPS信号的影响和改正方法,分析现有对流层模型的优缺点和适用范围.通过试验比较各模型在不同高度角范围的改正效果,及其对GPS定位精度的影响,得到一些有益的结论.     

基于双树复小波的CBERS-02B星遥感影像融合及评价

以CBERS-02星全色、多光谱图像及IKONOS多光谱图像为数据源,利用离散小波变换和双树复小波变换进行融合试验。结果表明,双树复小波变换在空间细节表现力和光谱保持方面能够较好地达到平衡,较离散小波变换更能提高图像融合质量。通过融合方法对比分析可知,02B星全色波段不仅与其多光谱波段融合能够得到信息更加丰富的图像,而且与其它传感器数据融合同样有很好的目视效果和可读性,具有较大的应用前景。     

郑州城市空间扩展特征及其驱动因素分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对郑州市1976-2004年城市建成区面积进行了动态监测,并对郑州28 a来城市空间扩展特征和驱动因素进行了分析。结果表明,郑州市建成区从1976-2004年面积增加了5.81倍,平均每年扩展10.75 km^2。其扩展占用的土地利用类型主要是耕地,其次为农村居民点和其他建设用地,还有一些林地、水库和沼泽地。社会经济因素是建成区扩展的内在推动力,经济发展、政策和规划等是建成区扩展的主要驱动力。通过郑州建成区遥感监测,了解城市空间扩展规律,对正确处理城市扩展与占用土地的关系具有重要意义。     

基于主成分分析的ENVISAT ASAR数据在福建省漳州市香蕉园地提取中的应用(英文)

Banana is one of the main economic agrotypes in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. The multi-temporal ENVISAT ASAR data with different polarization are used to classify the banana fields in this paper. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for six pairs of ASAR dual-polarization data. For its large leaves, banana has high backscatter. So the value of banana fields is high and shows very bright in the 1st component, which makes it much easier for banana fields extraction. Dual-polarization data provide more information, and the VV and VH backscatter of banana show different characters with other land covers. Based on the analysis of the radar signature of banana fields and other land covers and the 1st component, banana fields are classified using object-oriented classifier. Compared to the field survey data and ASTER data, the accuracy of banana fields in the study area is 83.5%. It shows that the principal component analysis provides the useful information in SAR images analysis and makes the extraction of banana fields easier. Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-05-0573), Fujian Science and Technology Project (No.2006I0018), the Science Project of the Education Department of Fujian Province(No. 2006F5022).     

Influence analysis of gaseous absorption on “HY-1A” CZI data processing Simulation and correction for Rayleigh scattering

Besides ozone, oxygen and water vapour should be considered for their absorptive effects on ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing. First ,gaseous transmittances under various conditions are computed and analyzed for the band settings of this sensor. Second, transmittances under six standard atmospheres are approximated as functions of zenith angle, the water vapour transmittance is approximated as a function of water vapour content and zenith angle, and the ozone transmittance is approximated as a function of ozone content and zenith angle. Finally, taking Rayleigh scattering as an example, the influence of ignoring gaseous absorption when calculating TOA reflectance is analyzed, and the effect of applying the presented transmittance approximations to gaseous absorption correction for Rayleigh scattering in ＂HY--1A＂ CZI data processing is evaluated.     

Geochemistry of pore waters from the Xisha Trough, northern South China Sea and their implications for gas hydrates

This paper reports all available geochemical data on sediments and pore waters from the Xisha Trough on the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. The methane concentrations in marine sediments display a downhole increasing trend and their carbon isotopic compositions (δ ¹³C = −25 to −51‰) indicate a thermogenic origin. Pore water Cl⁻ concentrations show a range from 537 to 730 mM, and the high Cl⁻ samples also have higher concentrations of Br⁻, Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, implying mixing between normal seawater and brine in the basin. The SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations of pore waters vary from 19.9 to 36.8 mM, and show a downhole decreasing trend. Calculated SMI (sulfate-methane interfaces) depths and sulfate gradients are between 21 and 47 mbsf, and between −0.7 and −1.7 mM/m, respectively, which are similar to values in gas hydrate locations worldwide and suggest a high methane flux in the basin. Overall, the geochemical data, together with geological and geophysical evidence, such as the high sedimentation rates, high organic carbon contents, thick sediment piles, salt and mud diapirs, active faulting, abundant thermogenic gases, and occurrence of huge bottom simulating reflector (BSR), are suggestive of a favorable condition for occurrence of gas hydrates in this region.     

海底孔内水合物观测系统与钻井实施

通过耦合布设海底表面和孔内水合物观测系统获取物理、化学、微生物等数据是了解掌握海洋水合物环境动态变化、碳循环规律和资源开发技术的有效手段,据此初步提出了一套海底孔内水合物观测系统,并指出了系统的关键技术难点。而在钻井布设该孔内观测系统时,要注意防止井内安全事故的发生,充分评估安放位置处含水合物地层的地质力学稳定性并采取适当的钻井和完井方式稳定或强化含水合物地层以支撑孔内观察仪器,实现孔内长期监测。最后讨论了在我国南海实施孔内水合物观测系统的必要性,并提出了初步想法。     

基于ArcSDE的人防数据入库的应用研究

空间数据引擎是实现空间数据库的核心。简要介绍了ESRI公司的空间数据库引擎（spatial database engine）,它能将空间数据和属性数据集成在数据库中。进一步分析了空间数据的存储模式,并以人防工程为例构建了人防的Geodatabase数据模型,最后对实现人防工程数据的入库方法进行了探讨。     

准噶尔盆地中部Ⅲ区块原油甾烷异常分布特征与成因

对准噶尔盆地中部Ⅲ区块的3类原油或油砂样品抽提物饱和烃进行了气相色谱-质谱分析,研究了原油饱和烃中甾烷类化合物的分布特征,并对其成因做了初步探讨。结果表明：3类原油的甾烷分布特征具有一定的相似性,C27规则甾烷相对丰度明显低于C28、C29;C27、C28、C29异构体αββ型相对丰度明显高于ααα型（C28αββ（20S）或C29αββ（20R）丰度最高）;但这3类原油的成因是不一致的,其影响因素主要包括热演化、生物降解、运移分馏以及古环境或岩性4个方面,其中第1、3类原油主要以热演化作用与运移作用为主,第1类原油还可能受到古环境或岩性影响,两者均不受生物降解的影响,第2类原油则受到热演化、运移作用及生物降解的共同影响。     

夏半年川西高原600 hPa低涡活动特征

600 hPa天气系统能够分析川西高原低涡变化的主要特征,并能识别低涡的发展移动和川西高原强降水落区的关系。利用1979—2020年逐3 h的ERA5再分析资料(0.25°×0.25°)和2011—2020年逐小时降水资料,对夏半年川西高原600 hPa低涡活动特征、低涡与降水的关系及致雨低涡动力和热力特征进行统计分析,结果表明：(1)42年间低涡年均80个,持续时间1 d以内占总数的95.7%;在川西高原本地生成、移入和移出低涡年均61.5个、18个和5.3个;低涡源地和消散地分别在甘孜州白玉县和理塘县为中心的区域。(2)生命史大于12 h的低涡占比36.4%,都会带来降水,其中超83.7%会造成中雨以上降水;低涡伴随的日降水强度最大值中心位置随月份先由川西高原东部与南部地区北移到中部,之后逐渐移回到东部与南部地区,相对应7—8月多低涡从北部南移到中部摆动消亡,其余月份多低涡从中部生成影响到东部和南部地区或在南部生成并停滞或摆动。(3)强烈垂直上升运动和正涡度区的耦合发展以及深厚不稳定层结的形成和加强是致雨低涡发生发展并产生强降水的动力特征和热力层结条件。