秦岭南北风速时空变化及突变特征分析

根据秦岭南北47个气象站1960~2011年逐月风速和气温资料,采用样条曲线插值法(Spline)、Pettitt突变点检验、气候倾向率和相关分析等方法对该区风速的空间分布、时空演变特征及其可能影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:①秦岭南北风速空间分布呈东高西低、北高南低格局,按其大小排序为秦岭以北>秦岭南坡>汉水流域>巴巫谷地。四季风速排序为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,均以秦岭以北最大。②近52 a来,秦岭南北整体和各子区年平均风速呈现一致的显著下降趋势,下降最快的为秦岭南坡,最慢的为汉水流域。四季风速下降速率排序为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。③年和季节尺度风速的突变集中出现在1969~1974、1978~1981和1990~1994年间,秦岭南北整体于1981年突变。④气象台站周边的城市化发展和风速测量仪器的更换都对风速的变化产生了一定影响,但都不是风速显著下降的主要原因,大气环流变化和气候变暖才是造成风速减小的可能原因。     

山西地震前兆台网系统运行维护

针对山西地震前兆台网系统运行的实际需要,从前兆管理系统维护、Oracle数据库维护、数据库备份及恢复三方面进行详细阐述,并对系统运行维护提出一些建议和解决办法。     

面向大数据时代的数据融合系统之空间数据挖掘、分析和改进

多重空间数据因其可用性及几何和主题方面的质量差异,催生了针对数据挖掘方法研究的新系统开发,其中包括了异构空间数据结构分析与改进的处理进程。本文介绍了空间数据融合系统（ DAFU）的概念、架构与功能性方面的内容,DAFU能够有效使用异构空间数据信息并可进行地理数据的个体使用。     

泡沫泥浆在安徽郎溪红管山金矿钻探中的应用

郎溪红管山金矿地质构造复杂,水敏性地层、力学性质不稳定、地层交互出现贯穿始终,地层岩石造浆严重,钻孔漏失坍塌,常规泥浆解决不了护壁等问题,采用泡沫泥浆成功地解决了此矿区钻探钻进中的岩石造浆、漏失坍塌等难题,保证了该区钻探工程的顺利进行,按期完成了钻探任务。     

Optimal Perturbations Triggering Weather Regime Transitions: Onset of Blocking and Strong Zonal Flow

In this paper, the approach proposed by Mu and Jiang (2008) to obtain the optimal perturbations for triggering blocking (BL) onset is generalized to seek the optimal perturbations triggering onset of the strong zonal flow (SZF) regime. The BL and SZF regimes are characterized by the same dipole-like anomaly pattern superposed on the climatological flow, but with opposite sign. The results show that this method is also superior at finding the initial optimal perturbations triggering onset of the SZF regime, especially in the medium range. Furthermore, by comparing the two kinds of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) trig-gering onset of BL and SZF regimes, we find that in the linear approximation, there is symmetry in the sensitivities for BL and SZF onset, and the perturbations that optimally trigger onset of BL and SZF regimes at times when linear approximation is valid are also characterized by the same spatial pattern but with opposite sign. Whereas when the optimization time is extended to 6 days, the two kinds of CNOPs lose their out-of-phase behavior. The nonlinearity results in an asymmetry between the sensitivity for BL and SZF onset. Additionally, we find that the optimal perturbations have one common property, which is that the second baroclinic mode contributes more to the initial perturbations while the barotropic mode dominates the final structures.     

Temporal variation of suspended sediment load in the Pearl River due to human activities

Data on sediment flux at three hydrologic stations from the 1950s to 2006 are utilized to study the decadal,annual,and monthly variations in suspended sediment load delivered from the Pearl River to the ocean.Results show that variations in sediment flux from three main tributaries,including the West River,the North River and the East River,are spatially non-uniform.Since nearly 90%of the suspended sediment load comes from the West River,its variation has dominated the overall tendency of sediment flux in the entire Pearl River.Although a significant decreasing trend exists in the annual variation of the total sediment flux,the decadal change can be divided into an increasing phase and a decreasing phase,with the turning point between the two phases in the late 1980s.From the 1950s to the 1980s,the average annual river sediment flux increased by 30.43%.However,sediment flux has decreased significantly since the 1990s,with the average sediment flux being 38.60%less in the 2000s than that in the 1950s.The current sediment flux is also 52.93%less than its peak in the 1980s. The monthly variation pattern of the suspended sediment load transport to the sea is more interesting. For the West River,all months show a decreasing trend,and for most months the reduction values are significant.However,for the East River the sediment load shows a decrease trend in the dry season and an increase trend in the wet season.The method of regression analysis was used to study the influence of precipitation in the variation on the sediment flux.It was found that the climate change is not the main driving force behind the variation in suspended sediment load.Before the 1990s, intensive land use destroyed the vulnerable ecosystem of the upper Pearl River,and speeded up the process of rocky desertification.Consequently,aggravated soil erosion caused an increase in suspended sediment load.However,sediment retention within reservoirs had begun to play a dominant role after the massive construction of large dams after 1990,and resulted in a decrease in the suspended sediment load delivered to the ocean.     

快速程序升温-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中痕量镉

建立了快速程序升温-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定地质样品中痕量镉的分析方法.样品用硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸进行前处理,为提高分析效率,改进了石墨炉升温程序,省去了常规方法中的灰化步骤,使测定镉的程序升温时间由常规的90～100 s降至24 s,工作效率显著提高.方法检出限为0.011 μg/g,加标回收率为93.5%～106.0...     

甘肃岷县马坞金矿区成矿机制及找矿方向研究

马坞金矿产于岷礼成矿带西段中川岩体的西北外接触带,金矿的成矿主要受马坞背斜的控制.矿区共发现金矿脉7条,其中北矿带的1号、7号、8号脉的工作程度较高,圈定了金的资源量.南矿带的2号、3号、4号脉的厚度较大,但品位相对较低.通过该区成矿地质事件序列及成矿机制的研究认为,位于马坞背斜南翼的南矿带从成矿物质来源、成矿构造等方...     

东濮凹陷南部沙三中段构造调节带对沉积体系的控制作用

东濮凹陷是一个由其东部的兰聊断层拉伸活动造成的新生代伸展断陷盆地。构造调节带是东濮凹陷南部发育的主要变换构造类型。根据断层的组合特点与断距变化,归纳出4种倾向类型、3类叠覆类型,并根据其组合关系细分出11种构造调节带类型,且在东濮凹陷南部识别出其中的8种类型。东濮凹陷南部的构造调节带对沉积体系的发育有控制作用:西部斜坡带发育的同向调节带可作为物源通道,发育大面积的三角洲沉积体系;兰聊断裂带下降盘中的断鼻调节带也可作为物源出口,发育扇三角洲前缘沉积体系;中央隆起带中的背向调节带起分隔次级汇水盆地的作用。东濮凹陷南部的调节带形成机制与兰聊断裂的几何学与运动学特征有关,兰聊断裂的断面形态、活动差异及走滑运动分量是调节带形成的主控动力学机制。     

多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程研究回顾与展望

多年冻土区泄漏石油污染物会引起严重的环境和工程问题．通过对国内外石油污染物迁移过程、迁移机理、迁移模型、影响因素等研究进行回顾,基于国内外冻土区石油污染的研究进展和社会经济发展要求,提出了多年冻土区石油污染物可能引起的环境与工程问题,并对相关的科学问题进行展望,期望对以后研究工作有所指导并逐渐得到解决．