花岗岩残积土填料路用工程特性室内试验研究

为了研究花岗岩残积土的路用工程特性,通过击实试验、承载比CBR试验、固结试验以及室内基床系数试验分析了该类材料压实性能及基本力学特性,对压实度为92%的最优含水率和饱和压实土样进行了循环加载试验,研究了动力荷载作用下土体的变形特性。结果表明,花岗岩残积土在K为91%～97%时压实功效率较高,提高压实度对于增强土体局部抗变形能力较为有效;采用室内三轴法得到的基床系数K30值为188.25 MPa/m;最优含水率下花岗岩残积土动力变形稳定性较好,但含水率增加会大幅度增加土体塑性变形,降低土的动弹性模量,不利于变形稳定。所以作为路堤填料,应考虑作为受气候与动荷载影响较小的下路堤备用填料,作为铁路路堤本体及公路上、下路路床填料,应在进行土性改良且满足要求的论证基础上取舍。研究成果可为花岗岩残积土填料的工程应用及土体改良提供技术参考。     

干湿循环条件下压实黄土变形特性试验研究

由于降雨及蒸发的周期性变化等原因,压实地基土经常处于干湿交替状态,这种干湿循环作用会影响路基及地基的长期稳定性。通过气压式固结仪测试压实黄土试样经过不同次数干湿循环作用后的侧限压缩应变与垂直压力( - )曲线,研究干湿循环作用对压实黄土变形特性的影响,同时利用已有模型对实测曲线进行拟合,并基于割线模量法分析了割线模量与初始压实度及干湿循环次数的关系。结果表明：初始压实度对黄土的压缩变形有显著影响,不同初始压实度的试样其各级压力下的侧限压缩应变均随着干湿循环次数的增大逐渐增加,之后趋于稳定;初始压实度越高,干湿循环作用影响效应越显著;干湿循环作用并不改变土体 - 曲线的形式;割线模量与干湿循环次数及初始压实度的关系均呈指数关系。     

基于多源遥感数据的高山峡谷区岩性信息提取研究——以新疆乌什县北山1:50000填图试点为例

新疆乌什县北山1:50000填图试点项目位于塔里木盆地西北边缘和西南天山交接部位,海拔较高,地形切割较深,属于典型的高山峡谷区。利用ASTER、SPOT6、GF-2等多源遥感数据,基于典型岩性光谱吸收特征,进行岩性差异信息增强与提取研究,总结出一套基于多源遥感数据进行岩性单元边界划分的方法。以ASTER数据、ASTER与SPOT6协同数据、ASTER与GF-2协同数据等为基础影像数据,并选择最佳波段组合进行RGB彩色合成,从而增强影像差异,结合已有研究区地质资料,初步圈定不同影像单元边界;继而利用矿物丰度指数、SMACC端元丰度提取等方法识别研究区内主要岩性的分布位置和范围;最后结合野外实际调查数据,依据实际地质背景和影像质量进行筛选,获得最终的岩性单元解译图。研究结果为该区进一步进行地层优化划分及对比提供了参考资料。      

基于RS与GIS的水库蓄水期起始时间的判定

对以冰川积雪融水补给为主的河流而言,水库蓄水期起始时间的判定对水库的正常运行起较重要的作用.在水库实际运行中何时开始水库蓄水并没有一个合理的确定标准,水库运行管理人员只能根据流域特性主观确定,受人为因素影响较大.借助RS和GIS以及数字高程数据(DEM)分析了研究区2005年各个时期各个高程带的积雪覆盖率变化.通过比较分析确定了研究区较合理的水库蓄水期起始时间,为今后水库运行管理提供了一个参考依据.     

秦岭南北风速时空变化及突变特征分析

根据秦岭南北47个气象站1960~2011年逐月风速和气温资料,采用样条曲线插值法(Spline)、Pettitt突变点检验、气候倾向率和相关分析等方法对该区风速的空间分布、时空演变特征及其可能影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:①秦岭南北风速空间分布呈东高西低、北高南低格局,按其大小排序为秦岭以北>秦岭南坡>汉水流域>巴巫谷地。四季风速排序为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,均以秦岭以北最大。②近52 a来,秦岭南北整体和各子区年平均风速呈现一致的显著下降趋势,下降最快的为秦岭南坡,最慢的为汉水流域。四季风速下降速率排序为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。③年和季节尺度风速的突变集中出现在1969~1974、1978~1981和1990~1994年间,秦岭南北整体于1981年突变。④气象台站周边的城市化发展和风速测量仪器的更换都对风速的变化产生了一定影响,但都不是风速显著下降的主要原因,大气环流变化和气候变暖才是造成风速减小的可能原因。     

山西地震前兆台网系统运行维护

针对山西地震前兆台网系统运行的实际需要,从前兆管理系统维护、Oracle数据库维护、数据库备份及恢复三方面进行详细阐述,并对系统运行维护提出一些建议和解决办法。     

面向大数据时代的数据融合系统之空间数据挖掘、分析和改进

多重空间数据因其可用性及几何和主题方面的质量差异,催生了针对数据挖掘方法研究的新系统开发,其中包括了异构空间数据结构分析与改进的处理进程。本文介绍了空间数据融合系统（ DAFU）的概念、架构与功能性方面的内容,DAFU能够有效使用异构空间数据信息并可进行地理数据的个体使用。     

泡沫泥浆在安徽郎溪红管山金矿钻探中的应用

郎溪红管山金矿地质构造复杂,水敏性地层、力学性质不稳定、地层交互出现贯穿始终,地层岩石造浆严重,钻孔漏失坍塌,常规泥浆解决不了护壁等问题,采用泡沫泥浆成功地解决了此矿区钻探钻进中的岩石造浆、漏失坍塌等难题,保证了该区钻探工程的顺利进行,按期完成了钻探任务。     

Optimal Perturbations Triggering Weather Regime Transitions: Onset of Blocking and Strong Zonal Flow

In this paper, the approach proposed by Mu and Jiang (2008) to obtain the optimal perturbations for triggering blocking (BL) onset is generalized to seek the optimal perturbations triggering onset of the strong zonal flow (SZF) regime. The BL and SZF regimes are characterized by the same dipole-like anomaly pattern superposed on the climatological flow, but with opposite sign. The results show that this method is also superior at finding the initial optimal perturbations triggering onset of the SZF regime, especially in the medium range. Furthermore, by comparing the two kinds of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) trig-gering onset of BL and SZF regimes, we find that in the linear approximation, there is symmetry in the sensitivities for BL and SZF onset, and the perturbations that optimally trigger onset of BL and SZF regimes at times when linear approximation is valid are also characterized by the same spatial pattern but with opposite sign. Whereas when the optimization time is extended to 6 days, the two kinds of CNOPs lose their out-of-phase behavior. The nonlinearity results in an asymmetry between the sensitivity for BL and SZF onset. Additionally, we find that the optimal perturbations have one common property, which is that the second baroclinic mode contributes more to the initial perturbations while the barotropic mode dominates the final structures.     

Temporal variation of suspended sediment load in the Pearl River due to human activities

Data on sediment flux at three hydrologic stations from the 1950s to 2006 are utilized to study the decadal,annual,and monthly variations in suspended sediment load delivered from the Pearl River to the ocean.Results show that variations in sediment flux from three main tributaries,including the West River,the North River and the East River,are spatially non-uniform.Since nearly 90%of the suspended sediment load comes from the West River,its variation has dominated the overall tendency of sediment flux in the entire Pearl River.Although a significant decreasing trend exists in the annual variation of the total sediment flux,the decadal change can be divided into an increasing phase and a decreasing phase,with the turning point between the two phases in the late 1980s.From the 1950s to the 1980s,the average annual river sediment flux increased by 30.43%.However,sediment flux has decreased significantly since the 1990s,with the average sediment flux being 38.60%less in the 2000s than that in the 1950s.The current sediment flux is also 52.93%less than its peak in the 1980s. The monthly variation pattern of the suspended sediment load transport to the sea is more interesting. For the West River,all months show a decreasing trend,and for most months the reduction values are significant.However,for the East River the sediment load shows a decrease trend in the dry season and an increase trend in the wet season.The method of regression analysis was used to study the influence of precipitation in the variation on the sediment flux.It was found that the climate change is not the main driving force behind the variation in suspended sediment load.Before the 1990s, intensive land use destroyed the vulnerable ecosystem of the upper Pearl River,and speeded up the process of rocky desertification.Consequently,aggravated soil erosion caused an increase in suspended sediment load.However,sediment retention within reservoirs had begun to play a dominant role after the massive construction of large dams after 1990,and resulted in a decrease in the suspended sediment load delivered to the ocean.