Rare earth elements and yttrium in ferromanganese deposits from the South China Sea: distribution, composition and resource considerations

Ferromanganese nodules and crusts contain relatively high concentration of rare earth elements(REE) and yttrium(REY),with a growing interest in exploitation as an alternative to land-based REY resources.On the basis of comprehensive geochemical approach,the abundance and distribution of REY in the ferromanganese nodules from the South China Sea are analyzed.The results indicate that the REY contents in ferromanganese deposits show a clear geographic regularity.Total REY contents range from 69.1×10~(–6) to 2 919.4×10~(–6),with an average value of 1 459.5×10~(–6).Especially,the enrichment rate of Ce content is high,accounting for almost 60% of the total REY.This REE enrichment is controlled mainly by the sorption of ferromanganese oxides and clay minerals in the nodules and crusts.Moreover,the total REY are higher in ferromanganese deposits of hydrogenous origin than of diagenetic origin.Finally,Light REE(LREE) and heavy REE(HREE) oxides of the ferromanganese deposits in the study area can be classified into four grades: non-enriched type,weakly enriched type,enriched type,and extremely enriched type.According to the classification criteria of rare earth resources,the Xisha and Zhongsha platform-central deep basin areas show a great potential for these rare earth metals.     

广西近岸海域营养盐时空分布及潜在性富营养化程度评价

根据广西近岸海域2015年3、5、8、11月4个航次的海水中营养盐监测数据,分析了广西近岸海域海水中营养盐的时空分布特征,应用潜在性富营养化评价模式对整个海域水质富营养化程度进行了评价。结果表明:广西近岸海域富营养化状态总体良好,时空分布受陆源污染的影响,营养盐质量浓度呈湾内-湾口-湾外递减趋势。多数站位点氮磷比常年大于Redfield比值,处于磷限制状态。钦州湾内和大风江口是富营养化最为严重的水域,其次是防城港湾内、廉州湾内和铁山港湾,呈磷限制状态,容易在磷污染增高时,爆发富营养化,应特别加以监测与控制。     

南海北部冷泉区深水珊瑚的发现及其特征

冷水珊瑚也称为深水珊瑚, 在生物多样性、生态资源和科研价值等方面具有重要意义。文章对采自南海北部冷泉区的冷水珊瑚骨骼碎屑进行测定, 鉴定出冷水珊瑚2个种(Crispatotrochus sp.1和Crispatotrochus sp.2), 以及4个属[Balanophyllia (Balanophyllia)、Balanophyllia (Eupsammia)、Lochmaeotrochus和Enallopsammia]。测定的冷水珊瑚的δ¹³C为-7.36‰~-1.15‰, δ¹⁸O为-1.38‰~3.67‰, 与全球冷水珊瑚碳氧同位素组成相似, 但明显不同于南海暖水珊瑚、冷泉碳酸盐岩及低温热液成因碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素组成。     

不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型,可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验,在11 m·s^-1风速下,对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定,采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions）,构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优,可决系数（R²）均在98%以上;SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型,风速为11 m·s^-1左右时,林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势;5种株行距的林带中,株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。     

Perturbed solution of sea-air oscillator for the E1 Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a-Southern Oscillation mechanism

A class of coupled system of the E1 Ni(n)o/La Ni(n)a-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mechanism is studied. Using the perturbed theory, the asymptotic expansions of the solution for ENSO model are obtained and the asymptotic behavior of solution for corresponding problem is considered.     

新疆少数民族文字地图的编制方法研究

介绍少数民族文字(维吾尔文)在地图编制中的应用。从编制方法及少数民族文字(维吾尔文)处理技巧等方面,阐述该技术在地图编制中的实现。     

On building finite element models of structures from modal response

We develop two algorithms for estimating member stiffnesses and masses of a structure from measured modal response in conjunction with a finite element model of the structure. The mathematical model has known geometry and topology and parameterized constitutive properties. A few of the natural frequencies are measured and the corresponding modes are sampled at certain locations in space. The proposed algorithms are based on the concept of minimizing the sum of the squares of errors, specified as an index of discrepancy between the model and the structure, over all of the measured modes. The recursive quadratic programming method is used to solve the non-linear constrained estimation problem. Both proposed estimators can handle incompletely measured models, have robust convergence, and are amenable to modelling of complex structures. We demonstrate the use of our parameter estimation algorithm by applying it to identify the properties of a building from measured data.     

计算机图像处理可视化软件设计与实现

对数字图像实施处理的可视化表达，将使复杂，深奥的图像处理原理更容易理解，文中在详细分析数字图像处理有关理论，算法的基础上，设计了软件的总体框架，实现了多种图像处理功能，并辅以强大的联机帮助。     

地貌灾害预测预报的基本问题——以泥石流预测预报为例

从地貌灾害的定义入手，阐述了地貌灾害预测预报需要解决的四个基本问题、解决这四个问题的二种途径，以及进行预测预报的四种方法。以泥石流为例，论述了泥石流预测预报的现状及其热点、难点和可能的突破点，以及目前和今后一段时期的切人点和研究重点。综述了国内外对泥石流小尺度空间预测，规模预测，时间预测，包括重现期预测、降雨预测和危险度预测的一系列有实用价值的经验公式及其在应用中存在的问题。阐明了灾害评价和预测预报在灾害学研究中的重要地位。     

三水导电模型及其在低阻储层解释中的应用

三水导电模型系基于岩石的导电路径是由自由流体水、微孔隙水和粘土束缚水并联而成的理论。利用其对塔北地区的部分低阻储层进行了解释。与传统的导电模型相比 ,新的三水导电模型极大地改善了测井识别低阻油气层的能力 ,提高了含水饱和度的计算精度。该模型不但适合于通常的砂泥岩地层电阻率解释并且能很好地描述低阻储层的电性特征