中国—吉尔吉斯天山成矿单元划分及其特征

中国—吉尔吉斯天山地处中亚天山造山带中段,是古亚洲构造域的重要组成部分,地质构造复杂,矿产资源丰富。在收集境内、外大量地质、矿产资料及图件的基础上,通过近年来对研究区内地层、构造、岩浆及矿产的研究,在大地构造单元划分基础上对研究区内天山进行了成矿单元划分,划分出北天山—伊犁、中天山和南天山—塔里木3个成矿省,进一步划分为22个成矿带和58个成矿亚带,总结了各成矿单元的地质及矿产特征,为天山成矿带矿产勘查和地质大调查工作部署提供有益的思路和依据。     

PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液在桂柳地1井的应用

桂柳地1井为广西柳州市鱼峰区雒容镇区块页岩气地质调查井,设计井深2350 m,钻遇水敏性地层等复杂地层。为了提高无固相冲洗液在页岩气复杂地层深孔钻进中维持孔壁稳定的能力,在PVA1788体系无固相冲洗液的基础上,添加成膜A剂、封堵剂GFD-1等处理剂。根据冲洗液试验及现场应用,成膜A剂具有降失水功能,不影响冲洗液的润滑性能,对粘度影响不明显,该PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液滤失量较低,封堵裂隙效果好,减弱了地层水化膨胀,提高了成膜抑制防塌能力,满足了桂柳地1井深孔复杂地层维护孔壁稳定、安全钻进的需要。对类似复杂地层无固相冲洗液的推广应用具有参考价值。     

山东—辽东半岛周边海域沉积物粒度特征对元素化学成分的制约

为研究山东—辽东半岛周边海域沉积物粒度及沉积物类型对地球化学成分的控制作用,分析了该海域135个表层沉积物粒度和常微量元素组成。结果表明,研究区沉积物常微量元素组成与粒度关系密切:SiO2含量与平均粒径大致表现为负相关;Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、TiO2、Cr、V、Zn、Co、Ni、Cu与平均粒径大致表现为正相关;而CaO、K2O、MnO、Na2O、P2O5、Ba、Sr、Zr、Pb则与平均粒径没有明显的相关性。砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂及粉砂4种沉积物类型中的元素分布也呈现明显的差异性,常量元素[Mean(s)]/[Mean(t)]值在粉砂质砂沉积物中最接近1;颗粒最粗的砂的变化趋势与粉砂质砂较为一致;较细颗粒的砂质粉砂和粉砂,[Mean(s)]/ [Mean(t)]值变化较大,除了SiO2和K2O之外,多数元素表现为>1。微量元素在较细颗粒的粉砂和砂质粉砂分布较为相似,表现为较大幅度的波动;而较粗颗粒的粉砂质砂和粉砂则变化较小,[Mean(s)]/[Mean(t)]值略2/TiO2和Al2O3/TiO2为指标来研究现代河流入海物质的输运范围,揭示了黄河入海物质可以大范围运移至渤海中部(121.5°E),后沿山东半岛近岸一直输运至南黄海中部,而朝鲜半岛来源物质主要集中在123°E以东区域。     

孟加拉湾季风对热带气旋生成和发展的调制机制研究

孟加拉湾与其他热带海盆不同,在季风影响下,该地区热带气旋具有双气旋季的独特结构(4—5月的春季转换期和10—11月的秋季转换期)。虽然孟加拉湾气旋频数在10—11月较多,但是4—5月超强气旋(Saffir-Simpson 4,5级)的生成率却远高于10—11月。1981—2016年,春季转换期内孟加拉湾超强气旋都与第一支北传季节内振荡(First Northward-propagating Intra-Seasonal Oscillation,FNISO)相应而生,然而并不是所有伴随FNISO发生的气旋都能发展成为超强气旋。因此本研究以气旋生成指数为基础,利用气旋最佳轨道数据以及NCEP的海气参量数据,诊断指出孟加拉湾夏季风形成的强垂直风速剪切配合低层大气旋度和气旋潜在强度抵消夏季风期间水汽对气旋生成的促进作用,造成双峰分布,而中层大气相对湿度差异双峰不对称的主因。FNISO强度的不同与深对流中心与气旋中心的相对位置的差异,使得部分气旋受季节内振荡影响更大,强深对流的超越作用导致更显著的高低层大气温差,促使气旋具有且达到更大的潜在强度。在年际尺度上大气高低层温差的不同也是引起气旋潜在强度不同的主要原因。当季节内尺度和年际尺度共同作用,使得部分气旋发展成为超强气旋。     

提高多波束测量有效条幅覆盖宽度的方法研究

随着海洋科技的发展,声学技术在海洋仪器上的应用越来越广泛,多波束测深系统就是声学技术应用的一个范例.多波束测量中有效条幅的覆盖宽度对于调查船只和单位都有重要的意义.在调查中,应尽可能提高有效条幅覆盖宽度.通过多波束系统测深所应用的两大理论(波束形成理论、声纳方程)着手,详细分析了影响多波束测量有效条幅覆盖宽度的船速、海况、发射阵列等因素,提出了提高多波束测量有效条幅覆盖宽度的几点建议.     

柱状节理坝基岩体三维各向异性数值分析

在分析柱状节理不连续性和各向异性的工程特性基础上,对某拱坝及坝基的柱状节理岩体进行三维数值模拟分析。考虑河谷初始地应力场和岩体各向异性力学性质,采用各向同性本构和各向异性弹塑性本构进行对比分析。计算表明,坝基柱状节理岩体各向异性特性对工程整体应力、变形的影响比较明显,采用各向异性弹塑性模型计算更能反映柱状节理的特殊性。其结果为该坝区岩体工程各向异性力学分析提供了示例。     

Geographical Environment for the Safe Production of Food

Food is essential for human survival, but harmful, toxic substances in food damage and threaten human health. Food production is inseparable from the place where the food is produced; that is, from the geographical environment that consists of natural and human environments, two parts of a unified whole. China’s territory is vast and its geographical environment is complex and diverse. Food production patterns in different parts of the country vary significantly, as do local socio-economic and cultural conditions. Such differences have an enormous impact on food safety. Based on the geographical area where food is produced in China, this paper reveals the main environmental problems arising from industrial and agricultural production activities, and related risks for food safety and health. In concluding, we make some recommendations for countermeasures. The main food safety related environmental problems include the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; high background levels of heavy metals; discharge of wastewater and heavy metals; and excessive use of additives and antibiotics in livestock and poultry breeding and aquatic products. All these issues can lead to huge risks for food safety and thus health. These are not simply scientific issues, but also political, economic and legal issues, as well as social problems that differ from region to region. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to identify risks to food safety and health hazards in different areas. Systematic and comprehensive risk assessments of health problems caused by changing ecosystems, environmental pollution, nutrition problems and lifestyle, and especially comprehensive risk assessments of regional environmental changes and health risks are needed. Measures based on an understanding of local conditions must be put forward to protect food safety and health, to strengthen multi-sectoral management, and to improve environmental quality     

双壳类分子生物标志物对海水重金属的响应评述

海洋双壳类动物的组织和器官对微量重金属具有高富集能力,诱导机体内的某些分子生物标志物(molecular biomarkers,MBMs)发生变化,可用于指示海水中的重金属污染水平。近10年来,许多学者在双壳类MBMs对海水重金属的响应规律方面进行了研究,其中,金属硫蛋白(MTs)、热激蛋白70(HSP70)、抗氧化防御系统等受到了较多的关注。本文在介绍这些MBMs结构和功能的基础上,重点评述了各种MBMs对海水重金属的响应特征,并提出了影响双壳类MBMs应用于海水重金属监测的因素及进一步研究的方向。     

高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理定量化控制模型研究

为了确保震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复工程的安全性,提出一种高层建筑震后坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理方法。结合主成分分析法与信息熵法对震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理的控制特征量进行提取,确定模型评价指标权重;根据加权学习法对坍塌墙体修复的施工进行量化控制;通过灰阶量化评估进行约束参量分析,构建安全管理控制模型;采用管理因素模糊调度算法实现施工安全管理控制,并完成优化决策。通过仿真实验验证坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益与累积评价百分率。分析结果表明,采用该方法进行震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益最高可达83.32%,累积管理效果回报率较高,累积评价百分率平均约为75%,能够有效提高施工过程的安全管理效能,确保施工安全。     

A synthetic aperture radar sea surface distribution estimation by n-order Bézier curve and its application in ship detection

To dates,most ship detection approaches for single-pol synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery try to ensure a constant false-alarm rate(CFAR).A high performance ship detector relies on two key components:an accurate estimation to a sea surface distribution and a fine designed CFAR algorithm.First,a novel nonparametric sea surface distribution estimation method is developed based on n-order Bézier curve.To estimate the sea surface distribution using n-order Bézier curve,an explicit analytical solution is derived based on a least square optimization,and the optimal selection also is presented to two essential parameters,the order n of Bézier curve and the number m of sample points.Next,to validate the ship detection performance of the estimated sea surface distribution,the estimated sea surface distribution by n-order Bézier curve is combined with a cell averaging CFAR(CA-CFAR).To eliminate the possible interfering ship targets in background window,an improved automatic censoring method is applied.Comprehensive experiments prove that in terms of sea surface estimation performance,the proposed method is as good as a traditional nonparametric Parzen window kernel method,and in most cases,outperforms two widely used parametric methods,K and G0 models.In terms of computation speed,a major advantage of the proposed estimation method is the time consuming only depended on the number m of sample points while independent of imagery size,which makes it can achieve a significant speed improvement to the Parzen window kernel method,and in some cases,it is even faster than two parametric methods.In terms of ship detection performance,the experiments show that the ship detector which constructed by the proposed sea surface distribution model and the given CA-CFAR algorithm has wide adaptability to different SAR sensors,resolutions and sea surface homogeneities and obtains a leading performance on the test dataset.