被动大陆边缘地质

大陆边缘代表地壳的基本不连续,大陆壳在这里与大洋壳相邻接,是研究大洋与大陆相互作用的关键场所。这里含有大陆形成过程的线索,因为越来越多的事实已证明,大多数山系是作为大陆边缘开始自己的历史的。被动大陆边缘（Passive continental margins）,亦称大西洋型大陆边缘,是三种大陆边缘基本类型之一,是在拉张应力场下地壳减簿,大幅度沉陷的产物。以生成巨厚的沉积聚集为特征,岩浆活动弱,基本上不变形,与主动大陆边缘适成对照。粗略的估算表明,全世界新于两亿年的沉积岩体积中,一半以上是联合古陆（Pangea）自早中生代破裂以来在大西洋型边缘上堆积下来的。从而这些岩石就提供了     

哈密地区夹白山韧性剪切带显微构造特征

哈密夹白山韧性剪切带位于阿其克库都克断裂以北的狭长地带,构成该地区古糜棱岩片.由北向南卷入的地层有石炭系干墩岩组、梧桐窝子岩组和雅满苏岩组,共同构成了北天山区域低温动力变质岩系.从显微尺度的变质变形矿物构造入手,结合地质学、岩石学资料对该地区古糜棱岩片的几何学、力学性质进行了详细分析.     

高精磁测在河北省隆化县龙王庙铁矿找矿及靶区圈定中的应用

为验证龙王庙矿区深部铁矿含矿性,圈定龙出找矿靶区,笔者在开展了1/5 000高精度磁测及钻探验证工作后,推断测区存在近东西向1条、北北西向2条较大的断裂构造;圈定处5个异常区(带),M1、M2、M3、M4、M5.通过对M2-1、M3-2异常剖面半定量解释,推测M2-1高磁异常为隐伏的磁性岩体引起,具有较好的寻找磁铁矿前景.在两个异常区位置进行了钻探施工及样品采集分析工作,铁品位已接近工业品位.高精磁测在龙王庙矿区应用效果明显,圈定的异常区结合钻探验证结果,可以为下步该矿区找矿工作起到一定指示作用.     

青藏铁路块石气冷结构路堤下冻土温度场变化分析

基于青藏铁路沿线多年冻土区温度监测断面,选取了不同冻土分区中的8个块石路堤结构(块石路基、块石护坡、块石路基加块石护坡)断面,对其下温度场的变化分析研究.结果表明:经过2~3个冻融循环后,块石结构路堤下冻土上限已抬升了1.4~5.3 m,说明块石路堤结构已起到了积极调节下伏冻土温度的作用.结果也显示,在上限抬升的同时,其下部的冻土地温也在升高,但是这种过程已逐渐被块石路堤结构的降温所抑制,而这种抑制程度受控于不同的冻土区域.在不同的冻土分区中,无论是何种形式的块石路堤结构,其降温趋势是不同的.Ⅳ和Ⅲ冻土区块石路堤基底的负温积累比较明显,而I和Ⅱ区的较弱.     

宝鸡市地质灾害现状分析及防治对策

宝鸡市地质环境复杂,加之近年来人类不合理工程、经济活动的加剧,地质灾害时有发生,已成为陕西省地质灾害多发、高发区之一。目前全市有各类地质灾害点784处,已引起当地政府和社会各界的普遍关注。笔者详细分析了宝鸡市地质灾害现状、地质灾害分布规律、地质灾害形成条件与影响因素以及目前地质灾害防治中存在的各类问题,并在此基础上,对宝鸡市今后地质灾害的防治工作提出了几点建议,为宝鸡市地质灾害的正确防治具有一定的指导意义。     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age, geochemical, Sr-Nd isotopic, and in-situ Hf isotopic data of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian plutons in the northern margin of the North China Craton

The main rock types of the Boluonuo and Daguangding plutons are diorite, quartz diorite, tonalite, granodiorite, and subordinate plagioclase-bearing hornblendite and hornblende gabbro. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating for a quartz diorite of the Boluonuo pluton suggests that the pluton was emplaced at about 296±4 Ma. Plagioclase-bearing hornblendites show typical cumulative textures, which, in combination with their convex-upward REE patterns and the large variation of compatible elements such as Co, V and Sc, suggests that these hornblendites formed through accumulation of hornblende during magma evolution. Microgranular mafic enclaves (MMEs) are common in the Boluonuo and Daguangding intermediate to felsic plutons. Many plagioclase grains show compositional and textural disequilibrium, with calcium-rich cores (An 46-50 ) mantled abruptly by sodium-rich plagioclase (An 26-33 ). Whole-rock samples of the plutons are characterized by quite negative ε Nd (t) values (-16.5 to -11.8) and ε Hf (t) values (-22.5 to-16.8), and the ε Nd (t) values are negatively correlated with silica contents. All these features suggest that the intermediate to felsic plutons formed through magma mixing of enriched mantle-derived, evolved basaltic magma with granitic, crustal melts, followed by fractional crystallization of mainly hornblende and small amounts of pyroxene, apatite and zircon. The hornblende-dominated fractionation contributed significantly to the adakite-like features of the intermediate to felsic plutons, like the high Sr and Sr/Y ratios and low Yb abundance. In addition, the Boluonuo and Daguang- ding plutons are highly enriched in LILEs (e.g., Ba and Sr), but depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Zr and Ti), which is typical of arc magmas. Therefore, the formation of Boluonuo and Daguangding plutons was probably related to the subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic slab beneath the North China Craton in the Paleozoic.     

Multifield coupling model and its applications for pile foundation in permafrost

In the construction of Qinghai-Tibet railway,to avoid diseases caused by frost heave and thaw col-lapse of frozen ground,besides the normal bridges over the rivers,a lot of dry bridge structures have been built to replace subgrade in the regions of high tem-perature and high ice content frozen soil.So,the problems on forming mechanism of bearing capacity of pile foundation in cold regions already become one of hot spot problems in frozen soil engineering.Freezing force and frost heave force ar…     

城市地震应急对策支持系统研究

从地震灾害学理论和地震应急工作需求出发,讨论了应急工作的内容和层次,提出了应急目标和应急资源的定义;并对城市地震应急对策支持系统的总体设计、功能模块、数据库、模型库以及系统的实现方法等方面进行了探讨。     

实时波形数据断记的解决办法

应用Windows操作系统的网络技术和自行开发的报警软件，解决了牡丹江地震台连续波形数据断记问题。本文详细介绍了解决方案和报警软件的安装及使用方法。     

Dissolved organic carbon in permafrost regions: A review

A large quantity of organic carbon(C) is stored in northern and elevational permafrost regions. A portion of this large terrestrial organic C pool will be transferred by water into soil solution(～0.4 Pg C yr~(-1))(1 Pg=10~(15) g), rivers (～0.06 Pg C yr~(-1)),wetlands, lakes, and oceans. The lateral transport of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) is the primary pathway, impacting river biogeochemistry and ecosystems. However, climate warming will substantially alter the lateral C shifts in permafrost regions.Vegetation, permafrost, precipitation, soil humidity and temperature, and microbial activities, among many other environmental factors, will shift substantially under a warming climate. It remains uncertain as to what extent the lateral C cycle is responding,and will respond, to climate change. This paper reviews recent studies on terrestrial origins of DOC, biodegradability, transfer pathways, and modelling, and on how to forecast of DOC fluxes in permafrost regions under a warming climate, as well as the potential anthropogenic impacts on DOC in permafrost regions. It is concluded that:(1) surface organic layer, permafrost soils,and vegetation leachates are the main DOC sources, with about 4.72 Pg C DOC stored in the topsoil at depths of 0–1 m in permafrost regions;(2) in-stream DOC concentrations vary spatially and temporally to a relatively small extent (1–60 mg C L~(-1)) and annual export varies from 0.1–10 g C m~(-2) yr~(-1);(3) biodegradability of DOC from the thawing permafrost can be as high as 71%, with a median at 52%;(4) DOC flux is controlled by multiple factors, mainly including vegetation, soil properties,permafrost occurrence, river discharge and other related environmental factors, and(5) many statistical and process-based models have been developed, but model predictions are inconsistent with observational results largely dependent on the individual watershed characteristics and future discharge trends. Thus, it is still difficult to predict how future lateral C flux will respond to climate change, but changes in the DOC regimes in individual catchments can be predicted with a reasonable reliability. It is advised that sampling protocols and preservation and analysis methods should be standardized, and analytical techniques at molecular scales and numerical modeling on thermokarsting processes should be prioritized.