我国新疆北部地区雪面雨日数时空变化特征分析

在全球变化背景下,雪面雨发生频次增加,致灾风险加大,认识雪面雨时空变化特征对于防洪减灾具有重要意义。基于我国新疆北部地区42个国家气象站1960—2015年逐日气温、降水、雪深、天气现象等气象观测数据,制定降水类型、地面状态、雪深等共同判定雪面雨事件的参数化方案,进而分析新疆北部地区雪面雨日数时空变化特征及其与气温、海拔的关系。结果表明：近56 a来新疆北部地区雪面雨日数以0.3 d·（10a）^-1的速率呈缓慢增加趋势;空间分布上,新疆北部地区雪面雨主要集中于塔城北部、伊犁河谷、乌鲁木齐河源地区,其中塔城裕民县最多,年平均雪面雨日数12.2 d;相关分析显示雪面雨日数及雪面雨量均与海拔呈显著正相关。该研究有望提升对新疆干旱区雪面雨事件这一诱发雨雪混合洪水重要现象的科学认识,为新疆地区致灾洪水过程分析以及洪水监测预警提供参考。     

八方山层控多金属矿床地质特征及成因探讨

依据矿床地质特征沿及铅、硫、氢、氧同位素以及包裹体和微量元素等测试资料分析表明,该矿床为中泥盆世沿海底同生断层喷溢的含矿热卤水与生物还原海水硫酸盐中的硫相互作用,形成同生含矿硅质岩,再经后期改造而成层控多金属矿床。所以矿床既有同生沉积标志,又有后生改造迹象。属海底喷气沉积—受改造的层控矿床。     

Precipitation–altitude relationships on different timescales and at different precipitation magnitudes in the Qilian Mountains

It is generally accepted that altitude is the main variable governing the spatial distribution of precipitation in the mountains. This study mainly discusses the precipitation–altitude relationships on different timescales and at different individual precipitation magnitudes in the entire study period (April 2012 to September 2015), wet season (May to September), and dry season (October to April), and tries to find a threshold to determine whether the correlation between precipitation and altitude is significant. In this study, the half-hourly data, including precipitation, wind speed, and air temperature, from April 2012 to September 2015 are obtained by six automatic meteorological stations located on the north slope of Qilian Mountains, which range from 2980 to 4484 m a.s.l., and horizontal distance is approximately 7000 m. Results indicate that (i) if all samples in the entire study period are to be investigated, the individual precipitation had to reach about 30 or 40 mm, then the sample may pass the significance test at p < 0.05 or at p < 0.01, respectively. The thresholds in wet season are same as that during entire study period. The thresholds in dry season are about 10 and 15 mm (ii) with increasing timescale, the percentage of samples that pass the test increases. However, it is until the monthly scale whether it is wet or dry season or the entire study period, the precipitation–altitude relationships have statistical significance and using the monthly or yearly scale as the time unit can be better applied to the research, which is based on the precipitation–altitude relationships.     

长江黄河源区生态环境范围的探讨

在江河源区地理学与水文学界定的基础上,在明确界定源区范围四大原则与依据的前提下,文章综合分析了长江黄河源区的地貌特征、气候条件、植被分布以及水文水系特征,并在此基础上综合确定了长江黄河源区生态环境研究的范围。以达日水文站为界,以上区域为黄河流域生态环境研究的源区范围,流域控制面积约4.49×104 km², 源区为高原湖泊沼泽地貌,地形平缓, 高寒半干旱气候, 受水热条件控制植被主要为草原化草甸;长江流域生态环境研究的源区以聂恰曲汇口为界,流域控制面积约12.24×104 km²。长江源区为高平原丘陵地貌,地形变化和缓,气候为高寒干旱半干旱气候,因范围广阔,分布高寒草原和高寒草甸植被。     

黑河流域气候变化对水资源的影响

1IntroductionThe climate conditions of temperature and precipitation are of primary importance for arid region and a change of climate in the direction to warmer or colder, wetter or drier would have large water resources, biological and socio-economic consequences (Raino Heino, 1994; Guido V etal., 2001).Since last century, there has been a warming trend for global climate with greenhouse gases such as CO2 continually increasing. The trend got intensified particularly in the late 20th centu…     

The Khao Que-Tam Tao gabbro-granite massif, Northern Vietnam: A petrological indicator of the Emeishan plume

New data obtained on the Khao Que-Tam Tao gabbro-granite pluton (Northern Vietnam) are discussed. It was established that this pluton was formed at the Permian-Triassic boundary (250.5 ± 3.2 Ma, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar isotopic age). Morphologically, it represents a hypabyssal fracture intrusion. The first stage was marked by the intrusion of the picrobasaltic melt, the differentiation of which resulted in the formation of the layered peridotite-gabbro series and the quartz-bearing monzodiorites and granophyres in its endocontact at the final stage. At the second stage, the Khao Que peridotite-gabbro massif was broken in its central part by a fault, along which the Tam Tao granodiorite-granite massif was localized. Numerical simulation using the COMAGMAT program for the basic system and geochemical estimates for the granite system allow the statement that the mafic and granitic melts evolved independently, and their final products were quartz-bearing monzodiorite and granophyre, on the one hand, and aplites and pegmatites, on the other hand. The compositional correlation of the Permian-Triassic magmatic associations in Northern Vietnam (the Nui Chua gabbro pluton and the Khao Que-Tam Tao gabbro-granite and Pia Bioc granite plutons) and in Southeast China (flood basalts) allows these complexes to be regarded as a part of a single large igneous province produced by the Emeishan plume activity.     

地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计观测的影响评估

在距离地铁3 km的地震观测台站安装2台相同型号的甚宽频带地震计,其中1台安装屏蔽罩,另外1台没有安装,通过计算连续24 h观测数据的加速度功率谱密度,评估地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计观测的影响。计算结果表明,地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计三分向的影响主要在10~1 000 s频带范围内,其中受影响最大的是垂直分向,其次是水平分向。     

两类度日模型在天山科其喀尔巴西冰川消融估算中的应用

采用辐射传输参数化方案估算太阳入射短波辐射,并以小时气温作为输入数据,在200、100和50 m 3种海拔梯度下,分别应用传统度日模型和改进度日模型对科其喀尔巴西冰川2008年夏季消融区非表碛覆盖区消融进行了模拟分析.研究表明:太阳小时入射总辐射计算与实测结果具有较好的一致性;科其喀尔巴西冰川度日因子存在明显的时空差异性;随着空间分辨率提高,2类度日模型的模拟效果都变好;在200和100 m海拔梯度下,改进度日模型的模拟结果优于传统度日模型,而在50 m海拔梯度下,无明显改进.     

Estimation of global radiation in China and comparison with satellite product

A modified solar radiation model, incorporating into several satellites remote sensing information such as NCEP/NCAR data, EOS-AURA satellite data, and Chinese FY-2C geo-stationary meteorological satellite data, is presented. The model is an attempt to modify Chen’s radiation model and examine its estimation accuracy at various places in six different climatic zones of China. The verification of model is also carried out by comparing between calculated radiation value using modified model and radiation product of FY-2C satellites. According to the NSE values, the adaptability of model is reasonably high in Mid-Temperate Zone (MTZ), Warm Temperate Zone (WTZ), Tibetan Plateau Zone (TPZ), and Cold Temperature Zone (CTZ) climate regimes and slightly low in Subtropical Zone (SZ) and Tropical Zone (TZ) climate regimes. The comparison between modeled radiation values and FY-2C radiation product values shows that the radiation product of FY-2C satellites is superior to the modified model in SZ and TZ climate regimes.     

Tracing carbon transfer and assimilation by invertebrates and fish across a tropical mangrove ecosystem using stable isotopes

Mangroves are highly productive ecosystems that exhibit a diverse range of habitats, including tidal creeks and flats, forest gaps and interior forest with varying understory light intensity, tidal dynamics, geomorphological settings, and overall biological production. Within mangrove ecosystems, invertebrates and fish feed on heterogeneous food sources, the occurrence of which is unevenly distributed across the system. This provides a basis for testing models of carbon transfer across mangrove ecosystems. We hypothesized that the carbon transfer and assimilation by fish and invertebrates will vary across the different mangrove habitats and that such variations can be predicted by their stable isotope compositions. We analysed δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N signatures of consumers and their potential organic carbon sources across a tropical mangrove ecosystem in Vietnam. The δ¹³C values of crabs and snails significantly decreased from the tidal flat to interior forest, indicating that variations in carbon transfer and assimilation occurred at small scales <30 m. Reduced variation in δ¹³C of suspension‐feeding bivalves suggested that tidal water was a vector for large‐scale transport of carbon across the mangrove ecosystem. An analysis of co‐variance using habitat as a fixed factor and feeding habit and movement capacity of consumers as co‐variates indicated that habitat and feeding types were major features that affected the δ¹³C values of invertebrates and fish. The findings demonstrate that carbon transfer and assimilation across mangrove ecosystems occur as a diverse combination of small (<30 m) and large (>30 m) scale processes.