Distribution Prediction of Middle-deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag,Pearl Mouth Basin

Oil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag,however,large oilfield was still not found in this area.For a long time,it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle-deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation,while there is no source rocks that in middle-deep lacustrine facies have been found in well.Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation.Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration.Distribution characterization of middle-deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research.Based on the sedimentary background,fault activity rate,seismic response features,and seismic attributes were analyzed.No limited classification method and multi-attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation.It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation,activity rate of main fault controlling the sub sag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma,which formed development background for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Compared with the seismic response of middle-deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression,those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity.Through RGB frequency decomposition,areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle-deep lacustrine facies.Dominant frequency,instantaneous frequency,and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle-deep lacustrine facies.Based on the limitation of geology knowledge,multi-attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method.Distribution of middle-deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest.Square of the middle-deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km²and the volume is 50 km³.Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.     

Evolution of Palaeoenvironment of the South Yellow Sea Since the Last Deglaciation

The sediments in core YS01 recovered from the South Yellow Sea mud deposit zone contain abundant benthic foraminifera, particularly shallow continental shelf species, but rare of planktonic foraminifera. The benthic foraminifera are dominated by stenohaline cold shallow-water species and euryhaline brackish-water species. In this paper, the palaeoenvironmental changes were discussed based on the grain-size compositions and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Six different benthic foraminiferal assemblages were discriminated by species analysis from the foraminiferal fauna. According to AMS~(14)C dating data in core YS01, we identified four main stages of marine environmental changes since the last deglaciation: a near-shore depositional stage(13.1 – 9.5 kyr B.P.), a transitional stage from near-shore deposition to shallow-sea deposition(9.5 – 5.6 kyr B.P.), a high sea level stage with shallow-sea deposition(5.6–2.9 kyr B.P.), and a stable shallow-sea depositional stage(2.9 kyr B.P. to the present).     

三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估

基于生态系统结构--服务动态过程趋势分析,针对生态保护与建设工程预期目标,构建了由生态系统结构,质量,服务及其变化因素构成的生态成效评估指标体系,研究发展野外观测,遥感监测和生态过程定量模拟一体化的监测评估技术体系,评估了三江源生态保护和建设一期工程的生态成效.结果表明:工程实施8年以来,三江源区宏观生态状况趋好但尚未达到1970s比较好的生态状况,草地持续退化趋势得到初步遏制但难以达到预期"草地植被盖度提高平均20%~40%"的目标,水体与湿地生态系统整体有所恢复,生态系统水源涵养和流域水供给能力提高,区域水源涵养量达到了增加13.20亿m³目标;重点工程区内生态恢复程度好于非工程区,除了气候影响以外,工程的实施对促进植被恢复具有明显而积极的作用;然而,草地退化局面没有获得根本性扭转,工程实施尚未遏制土壤水蚀增加趋势,一期工程局部性和初步性特点突显出三江源区生态保护任务的长期性和艰巨性.     

丽江干河坝冰-岩碎屑流地貌、沉积特征与成因机制分析

2004年3月12日,云南省丽江市玉龙雪山南坡发生了较大规模的冰-岩碎屑流型高速远程滑坡。位于斜坡顶部（高程为4 337~5 350 m）的岩体和冰川块体沿着高陡岩壁向下滑动,在峡谷地形控制下于干河坝内形成体积约11.2×10⁶ m³的滑坡堆积体。本文通过遥感影像分析和现场调查,对干河坝冰-岩碎屑流的地貌与堆积特征进行了详细研究,初步阐释了干河坝冰-岩碎屑流发生的成因机制和运动过程。研究结果表明,节理裂隙发育、源区冻融作用加剧和历史地震效应是此次地震的诱发因素。地形的坡度变化特征、滑体表面“乘船石”结构及内部岩屑的定向排列表明滑坡的运动过程可分为碰撞破碎阶段和扩散堆积阶段。滑坡堆积区广泛分布的“冰川乳坑”和冰水沉积物暗示堆积体底部松散沉积物减阻或是干河坝冰-岩碎屑流具有远程效应的有利因素。深入理解干河坝冰-岩碎屑流的地貌特征及运动学过程,对揭示高速远程滑坡的超强运动机理具有重要的理论意义,同时对我国西部高寒山区大型滑坡灾害的预测预警亦具有现实意义。     

Quantitative identification of cutoff wall construction defects using Bayesian approach based on excess pore water pressure

Acta Geotechnica - Cutoff wall has been widely used as a barrier to prevent the migration of contaminants in aquifers. Hydraulic impermeability and homogeneity should be ensured before operation....     

“一带一路”陆域地理格局与环境变化风险

“一带一路”建设是中国在新时期推动国际合作共赢的倡议,旨在打造绿色、健康、智力、和平丝绸之路,保障“一带一路”沿线各国人民共同发展。系统分析“一带一路”沿线国家环境特征、演化趋势与未来风险格局,是“一带一路”建设的科学基础。应用遥感监测、统计资料,探究“一带一路”陆域气候、地形、土壤、水文、植被环境要素空间分布特征和时空差异;依据经典综合自然区划的方法论,将“一带一路”陆域划分为中东欧寒冷湿润区、蒙俄寒冷干旱区、中亚西亚干旱区、东南亚温暖湿润区、巴基斯坦干旱区、孟印缅温暖湿润区、中国东部季风区、中国西北干旱区和青藏高原区等9个区域。结合模型模拟、情景预估等技术手段,将自然灾害损失评估方法论用于预估未来30年高温热浪、干旱和洪涝等突发性极端事件的灾害风险,以趋势—基线对比方法预估宏观生态系统、粮食生产等渐变事件的风险。结果显示,亚欧大陆西部将是暖干趋势;青藏高原两侧区域高温热浪高风险;中东欧寒冷湿润区东部干旱高风险;孟印缅温暖湿润区和中国东部季风区洪涝高风险;荒漠边缘区域为生态脆弱高风险区;中低纬区域为粮食减产高风险区。     

基于供给侧的区域交通发展水平综合评价——以中国三大城市群为例

基于公路、铁路、水运、航空以及管道运输等多运输方式,考虑不同空间尺度交通需求的差异,从国内交通和国际交通两个层面构建了区域综合交通发展水平评价指标体系,并对比分析了京津冀、长三角、珠三角三大城市群综合交通发展水平。结果表明三大城市群交通发展水平存在明显的梯度差异,长三角地区高于京津冀地区,珠三角地区发展水平最低。交通发展水平的差异在不同尺度及不同交通方式上表现不同,国内交通差异小于国际交通,交通总体发展水平差异介于国内和国际交通之间;公路交通在城市群间的差异较小,水运、铁路、航空以及管道运输在城市群间的差距均较大,但引致综合交通发展水平差异的主要因素在于铁路、航空和水运发展上的差距。各交通方式发展优势均不突出,且铁路发展明显滞后是引致珠三角交通发展总体水平较低的主要因素,据此提出了改善珠三角地区交通的建议。     

快速城镇化背景下乡村居民生活圈的重组机制——以昆山群益社区为例

乡村居民生活圈伴随着中国快速城镇化不断发生重组,本文选择中国城镇化发展最快的昆山群益社区为案例,运用地理学空间分析方法与社会学半结构化访谈法,解构生活圈并分析其重组过程的内在机制。主要结论如下：① 将乡村居民生活圈解构为居住圈、就业圈和交际圈,三圈重组过程演绎出中国土地城镇化、人口城镇化与人的城镇化之间的调适关系及人的城镇化的滞后性。② 居民生活圈重组与血缘、地缘和业缘变化存在紧密关联,其中业缘是代际间生活圈重组差异的主要原因。③ 快速城镇化空间转型的巨大能量造成居住、就业和社会交往的空间差异性与代际不平衡性。通过对快速城镇化下乡村居民生活圈重组过程与机制研究,为中国推进以人为核心的新型城镇化提供了理论依据。     

民用机场区域服务能力的结构与空间格局——以长江经济带民用机场体系为例

基于航空运输过程的完整性,认为民用机场对区域的服务能力取决于机场经由陆路集疏运体系与腹地的连通性,以及机场通过航线网络与其他机场的连通性两方面,据此构建了机场陆侧、空侧及综合服务能力评价方法。长江经济带民用机场体系的实证研究表明,机场间陆侧、空侧以及综合服务能力均呈明显差异,差异程度空侧显著高于陆侧,综合服务能力最低;长三角、长江中游和长江上游三大区域间机场差异与区域内部机场差异共同导致了经济带机场陆侧服务能力的总体差异,但区域内部机场间的差异是形成空侧和综合服务能力总体差异的主要因素;根据服务能力指数的自然间断,将机场划分为高、较高、中等、较低、低5个等级,则陆侧、空侧和综合服务能力等级结构均呈金字塔特征。在空间格局上,受陆路交通网络发展以及区域经济与人口密度等影响,陆侧服务能力由长三角往上游地区呈梯度下降态势;受机场所在城市经济社会特征、综合交通发展与竞争等的综合作用,空侧服务能力呈长三角与上游高于中游地区的“鞍形”格局;综合服务能力沪蓉、沪昆两大交通主轴串联的城市区域相对优于腹地,在三大区域则均存在明显的核心-外围格局,但总体水平由长三角往上游地区呈梯度递减。