SUT法偏差改正的Partial EIV模型方差分量估计及其精度评定

由于部分变量误差（partial errors-in-variables,Partial EIV）模型方差分量估计精度评定理论不完善,将SUT采样法应用于Partial EIV模型的最小范数二次无偏估计（the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimator, MINQUE）,利用方差分量估计修正随机模型并以此作为先验信息对观测向量进行SUT法采样得到参数的加权均值和二阶精度信息。考虑到非线性模型的偏差,进行偏差改正,再通过SUT法对改正后的参数采样计算二阶精度信息。通过算例实验验证,结合SUT法和方差分量估计求解Partial EIV模型,能够有效地避免复杂的求导运算,并获得更为精确的参数估值和合理的二阶精度信息,表明偏差改正的必要性。     

Responses of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass to Typhoon Bolaven

A two-month seabed-mounted observation(YSG1 area) was carried out in the western Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) using an RDI-300 K acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) placed at a water depth of 38 m in late summer, 2012. On August 2012, Typhoon Bolaven passed east of YSG1 with a maximum wind speed of 20 m s-1. The water depth, bottom temperature, and profile current velocities(including u, v and w components) were measured, and the results showed that the typhoon could induce horizontal current with speed greater than 70 cm s-1 in the water column, which is especially rare at below 20 meters above bottom(mab). The deepening velocity shear layer had an intense shear velocity of around 10 cm s-1 m-1, which indicated the deepening of the upper mixed layer. In the upper water column(above 20 mab), westward de-tide current with velocity greater than 30 cm s-1 was generated with the typhoon's onshore surge, and the direction of current movement shifted to become southward. In the lower water column, a possible pattern of eastward compensation current and delayed typhoon-driven current was demonstrated. During the typhoon, bottom temperature variation was changed into diurnal pattern because of the combined influence of typhoon and tidal current. The passage of Bolaven greatly intensified local sediment resuspension in the bottom layer. In addition, low-density particles constituted the suspended particulate matter(SPM) around 10 mab, which may be transported from the central South Yellow Sea by the typhoon. Overall, the intensive external force of the Typhoon Bolaven did not completely destroy the local thermocline, and most re-suspended sediments during the typhoon were restricted within the YSCWM.     

乡村地域多体系统识别方法及应用研究

乡村与城市相互依赖、相互补充,共同构成了城乡人地关系地域系统。针对我国目前城乡发展面临的诸多挑战,着眼于乡村振兴战略需求和地理学服务国家战略的需要,亟需构建乡村多体系统的识别方法体系,加快城乡基础网、乡村发展区、村镇空间场、乡村振兴极等多级目标体系建设。本文依托城乡融合系统和乡村地域系统理论,尝试构建城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体、居业协同体乡村地域多体系统的识别方法体系。其中,城乡融合系统指标体系涵盖经济发展、社会发展、环境发展、基础设施4个方面,乡村地域系统指标体系涵盖人口、社会、经济、资源、环境5个子系统。进一步通过均方差决策法、多目标加权求和模型、耦合协调模型等研究方法,识别出城乡融合体、乡村综合体、村镇有机体和居业协同体。以宁夏盐池县为案例区,实证研究表明,分析结果基本能反映不同乡镇、行政村的发展特征和定位。区别于以往研究侧重城镇体系等级结构,本研究提供了乡村地域系统内部等级差异的识别方法,对县域乡村振兴规划实践具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。     

中国的“领域-地盘”双层权力空间秩序——以广州市番禺区坑头村为案例

以中西方权地关系的比较为基础,探讨了中国社会由“领域-地盘”构成的双层权地秩序,其中“领域”体现了西方契约社会下的权力空间规则,“地盘”展现了中国人情社会中的权地关系特色。在中国,“人情社会”和“关系”是影响不同尺度权力运转的重要因素,进而呈现领域体系和地盘体系相组合的结构性特点。不同主体通过差异化的空间策略完成正规的领域化和非正规的地盘化,由此实现空间中权力网络的持续演替。本文具体以广州市番禺区坑头村为例,探讨了在村庄这一微观尺度形成的权力空间类型及“领域-地盘”的四阶段互动机制。基于政治地理学的领域理论,本文提出了不同于现有分析框架的中国式权地秩序新思路,有望推动既有的领域研究和领域理论的本土化。     

特高压输电铁塔聚束模式SAR干涉特性研究与覆冰试验

本文基于多幅TerraSAR卫星聚束模式SAR影像,研究了武汉特高压试验基地内特高压输电铁塔的雷达散射机制和干涉特性。利用高精度LiDAR扫描铁塔并进行三维建模,基于SAR几何成像关系分析了铁塔不同部位的散射几何关系。对比分析了基于散射强度和投影几何关系量测的铁塔横担间的高差,以及干涉图中相位变化反演的高差。结果表明相位推算的高差受噪声的干扰较大。本文对覆冰铁塔构件的雷达影像进行了理论分析和数据统计。结果表明,10 cm覆冰厚度破坏了铁塔构件二面角散射条件,造成雷达散射信号强度衰减了约8 dB,这表明输电铁塔雷达散射强度的变化可用于量化评估铁塔的覆冰状态。     

厦门海域海漂垃圾现状及治理建议

文章根据2013—2017年最近5年的厦门海域海漂垃圾资料,对其类型、总量、密度和来源进行研究分析,并与历史资料进行比较,从而反映厦门海域海漂垃圾的现状。以便管理部门能更好地将这几年的管理决策与实效结合起来,制订更有效的海漂垃圾治理方案,从而进一步改善海洋生态环境。     

基于影响域的群岛选取方法

针对当前海图制图综合中岛屿手工选取作业效率低,选取结果受制于作业人员业务水平和工作态度等不足,提出了一种基于影响域的岛屿自动选取方法。首先,分析了群岛选取的一般原则、方法、步骤;然后,引入影响域这一概念,通过定义岛屿影响域,创建了岛屿影响域模型;最后,设计了影响域覆盖范围最大的轮次选取规则,实现了岛屿的自动选取。实验结果表明:该方法实现了岛屿的自动选取,且选取结果的优劣与影响域的半径设置有关。     

Sedimentary Characteristics of the Second Marine Layer During the Late Marine Isotope Stage 3 in Southern Yellow Sea and Their Response to the East Asian Monsoon

We use the particle size of sediments in core YS01 A to study the sedimentary environment of the mud deposit in the central South Yellow Sea of China during late Marine Isotope Stages 3(MIS3;40.5 kyr–31.3 kyr).In addition,the East Asian Monsoon and its relationship with the North Atlantic Ocean climate change are discussed based on the sensitive grain-size calculation and the spectrum analysis.The results show that during late MIS3,the muddy area in the central South Yellow Sea experienced the evolution of coastal facies,shallow marine facies,coastal facies,and continental facies,with weak hydrodynamic conditions.Compared with other climate indicators,we found that there were many century to millennium-scale climate signals documented in the muddy area sediments in the central South Yellow Sea.According to our particle size results,three strong winter monsoon events occurred at 37.6 kyr,35.6 kyr and 32.2 kyr.The East Asian Winter Monsoon records in core YS01 A are consistent with the Greenland ice core and the Hulu cave stalagmite δ~(18)O.The millennial and centennial scale cycles,which are 55 yr,72 yr,115 yr,262 yr respectively,correspond to solar activity cycles,while the 1049 yr and 2941 yr cycles correspond to the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles.These cycles indicate that the paleoclimate evolution of the area was controlled by the solar activities,with the high-latitude driving thermohaline circulation as the main energy conveyor belt,followed by the sea-air-land amplification of the winter monsoon variation in the central Yellow Sea in the late MIS3.     

Seasonal distribution and relationship of water mass and suspended load in North Yellow Sea

The concentration of suspended load can be determined by its linear relationship to turbidity. Our results present the basic distribution of suspended load in North Yellow Sea. In summer, the suspended load concentration is high along the coast and low in the center of the sea. There are four regions of high concentration in the surface layer: Penglai and Chengshantou along the north of the Shandong Peninsula, and the coastal areas of Lüshun and Changshan Islands. There is a 2 mg/L contour at 124°E that separates the North Yellow Sea from regions of lower concentrations in the open sea to the west. And there is a 2 mg/L contour at 124°E that separates the North Yellow Sea from regions of lower concentrations in the open sea to the west. The distribution features in the 10 m and bottom layer are similar to the surface layer, however, the suspended load concentration declines in the 10 m layer while it increases in the bottom layer. And in the bottom layer there is a low suspended load concentration water mass at the region south of 38°N and east of 123°E extending to the southeast. In general, the lowest suspended load concentration in a vertical profile is at a depth of 10 to 20 m, the highest suspended load concentration is in the bottom near Chengshantou area. In winter, the distribution of suspended load is similar to summer, but the average concentrations are three times higher. There are two tongue-shaped high suspended load concentration belt, one occurring from surface to seafloor, extends to the north near Chengshantou and the other invades north to south along the east margin of Dalian Bay. They separate the low suspended load concentration water masses in the center of North Yellow Sea into east and west parts. Vertical distribution is quite uniform in the whole North Yellow Sea because of the cooling effect and strong northeast winds. The distribution of suspended load has a very close relationship to the current circulation and wind-induced waves in the North Yellow Sea. Because of this, we have been able to show for the first time that the distribution of suspended load can be used to identify water masses.     

渤海及周边地区中新生代构造演化与火山活动

渤海湾盆地作为典型的中新生代叠合盆地,构造演化历史十分复杂,经历了多期构造演化,盆地的构造演化与东亚大陆大地构造环境密切相关。本文从板块相互作用的角度出发,综合大量文献资料,划分渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化为3个阶段,中生代盆地发育演化阶段、早第三纪裂陷盆地发育阶段和晚第三纪坳陷盆地发育阶段。通过对渤海地区代表性火山岩样品的岩石化学分析、微量元素及稀土元素中子活化分析结果进行岩石化学和地球化学分析,综合前人研究成果,探讨了渤海及周边地区地质构造演化特征与火山活动之间的耦合关系。