遥感图像空间分辨率改进值计算方法

为了克服超分辨重建后的遥感图像空间分辨率的界定还采用人工对比判读存在误差和结论不统一的缺点,利用调制传递函数、奈奎斯特采样定理和人眼极限频率,建立了一种新的空间分辨率客观评价方法。利用该方法计算超分辨率重建后的遥感图像相比原始遥感图像空间分辨率的提高倍数,从而推断出重建后遥感图像的空间分辨率的大小。在数值测试中,利用不同的超分辨率方法对分级变频矩形光栅图像进行重建,采用提出的空间分辨率评价方法,与归一化均方误差、峰值信噪比、信息熵、灰度平均梯度进行客观评价的结果一致。此方法为遥感图像空间分辨率改进值的计算提供了一种可行的量化模型。     

天文观测科学实践中心技术实现

天文观测科学实践中心是一个以天文观测为核心的网络实践体验中心,以网站的形式向公众提供服务。网站建设使用HTML、CSS、JavaScript和JSP/JaveBean等技术;基于B/S结构实现望远镜远程控制;采用Windows Media技术实现视频发布。建成的网站为用户提供了全新的天文观测实践体验机会,达到了传播天文知识的目的。     

Revisiting vertical structure of neutrino-dominated accretion disks: Bernoulli parameter, neutrino trapping and other distributions

We revisit the vertical structure of neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) in spherical coordinates with a new boundary condition based on the mechanical equilibrium. The solutions show that NDAF is significantly thick. The Bernoulli parameter and neutrino trapping are determined by the mass accretion rate and the viscosity parameter. According to the distribution of the Bernoulli parameter, the possible outflow may appear in the outer region of the disk. The neutrino trapping can essentially affect the neutrino radiation luminosity. The vertical structure of NDAF is like a “sandwich”, and the multilayer accretion may account for the flares in gamma-ray bursts.     

Periodic orbits based on geometric structure of center manifold around Lagrange points

This study proposes an analytical method that determines the center manifold and identifies the reduced system on the center manifold. The proposed method expresses the center manifold through general equations containing only state variables, and not functions with respect to time. This is the so-called geometric structure of the center manifold. The location of periodic or quasi-periodic orbits is identified after the geometric structure of the center manifold is determined. The reduced system on the center manifold is described using ordinary differential equations, so that periodic or quasi-periodic orbits can be computed by numerically integrating the reduced system. The results indicate that the analytical method proposed in this study has higher precision compared with the Lindstedt-Poincaré method of the same order.     

地震随机噪声压缩感知迭代压制方法

复杂地表和复杂介质条件下,随机噪声往往严重影响着复杂地震信号的信噪比,同时深层地球物理目标探查中弱地震信号总是被随机噪声所掩盖,如何有效地压制随机噪声干扰、恢复有效地震信号仍然是高精度地震勘探中的关键问题.压缩感知理论突破了奈奎斯特采样定理的限制,利用有效地震信号的可压缩性和稀疏性,提供了从不可压缩随机噪声中进行有效信号分离的数据原理.本文系统分析压缩感知框架下地震随机噪声压制的稀疏优化反问题,提出了基于迭代软阈值算法的"采集-重建-修复"方案对该问题进行求解.在实现高度稀疏表征的基础上进行地震数据的压缩感知随机观测,通过迭代反演对有效地震信号进行重构,有效提高复杂地震数据的信噪比,同时,当求解稀疏优化问题时,如果出现正则化项引起重构信号衰减现象,可以匹配除偏对衰减的有效信号进行修复.通过与工业标准 f-x预测滤波方法进行比较,理论模型和实际数据处理的结果表明,压缩感知迭代噪声压制方法对复杂地震数据中的随机噪声有较好的压制效果,可以有效恢复出被较强非平稳随机噪声干扰的时空变同相轴信息.     

Simulation of Lake-Groundwater Interaction under Steady-State Flow

MODFLOW is one of the most popular groundwater simulation tools available; however, the development of lake modules that can be coupled with MODFLOW is lacking apart from the LAK3 package. This study proposes a new approach for simulating lake - groundwater interaction under steady-state flow, referred to as the sloping lakebed method (SLM). In this new approach, discretization of the lakebed in the vertical direction is independent of the spatial discretization of the aquifer system, which can potentially solve the problem that the lake and groundwater are usually simulated at different scales. The lakebed is generalized by a slant at the bottom of each lake grid cell, which can be classified as fully submerged, dry, and partly submerged. The SLM method accounts for all lake sources and sinks, establishing a governing equation that can be solved using Newton's method. A benchmarking case study was conducted using a modified model setup in the LAK3 user manual. It was found that when there is a sufficient number of layers at the top of the groundwater model, SLM simulates an almost identical groundwater head as the LAK3-based model; when the number of layers decreases, SLM is unaffected while LAK3 may be at a risk of giving unrealistic results. Additionally, the SLM can reflect the relationship between the simulated lake surface area and lake water depth more accurately. Therefore, the SLM method is a promising alternative to the LAK3 package when simulating lake - groundwater interaction.     

Advantages of the Optimum Pulse Moment in Surface NMR and Application in Groundwater Exploration

The surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) method is widely used in groundwater detection because of its sensitivity to hydrogen in water and direct water detection. However, low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) restrict the development of this technique. An optimum pulse sequence is designed according to correspondence between the pulse moment strength and its best detection depth. Because only selection of the pulse intensity distribution according to the target aquifer depth is required and the “on-resonance” pulse pattern is still employed, this pulse sequence emission can be easily achieved using existing SNMR instrumentation. Numerical simulation results and field experiments show that, compared with traditional exponential growth pulses, the optimum pulse sequence effectively improves the SNR of the SNMR method. The aquifer boundary, water content, and pore characteristics of the inversion result are thus more consistent with characteristics of underground structures. Additionally, because the optimum pulse sequence focuses most of the pulse moments in the target depth range, in situations where two aquifers are separated by a relatively narrow aquitard, it is better able to resolve the individual aquifers than the traditional pulses. Optimum pulse moments improve the SNR by enhancing the signal amplitude, compared with various filtering methods, and obtain a better detection effect. This kind of pulse sequence can be used as an alternative pulse sequence form of the SNMR method.     

Role of reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback in a simulated ground-soil-vegetation continuum: A long-term regional scale analysis

The regional terrestrial water cycle is strongly altered by human activities. Among them, reservoir regulation is a way to spatially and temporally allocate water resources in a basin for multi-purposes. However, it is still not sufficiently understood how reservoir regulation modifies the regional terrestrial- and subsequently, the atmospheric water cycle. To address this question, the representation of reservoir regulation into the terrestrial component of fully coupled regional Earth system models is required. In this study, an existing process-based reservoir network module is implemented into NOAH-HMS, that is, the terrestrial component of an atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system, namely, the WRF-HMS. It allows to quantitatively differentiate role of reservoir regulation and of groundwater feedback in a simulated ground-soil-vegetation continuum. Our study focuses on the Poyang Lake basin, where the largest freshwater lake of China and reservoirs of different sizes are located. As compared to streamflow observations, the newly extended NOAH-HMS slightly improves the streamflow and streamflow duration curves simulation for the Poyang Lake basin for the period 1979–1986. The inclusion of reservoir regulation leads to major changes in the simulated groundwater recharges and evaporation from reservoirs at local scale, but has minor effects on the simulated soil moisture and surface runoff at basin scale. The performed groundwater feedback sensitivity analysis shows that the strength of the groundwater feedback is not altered by the consideration of reservoir regulation. Furthermore, both reservoir regulation and groundwater feedback modify the partitioning of the simulated evapotranspiration, thus affecting the atmospheric water cycle in the Poyang Lake region. This finding motivates future research with our extended fully coupled atmospheric–hydrologic modelling system by the community.     

海藻中类胡萝卜素的提取及含量测定

许多研究已经表明，类胡萝卜素是分布最广泛、最重要的一类光辅助合成色素。类胡萝卜素具有多种生物学功能：作为化学保护剂可抵抗由植物自身叶绿素的光敏氧化作用引起的有害作用，给人体补充β-胡萝卜素可有效降低心血管疾病和癌症的发生概率，高摄入富含类胡萝卜素的饮食和降低白内障发生的危险之间有重要联系(Bendich，1993)。海藻中含有丰富的类胡萝卜素，从结构类型说，通常可以分为三类：胡萝卜素、叶黄素和类胡萝卜素酸。海藻中还含有多种特有的类胡萝卜素，如褐藻黄素、甲藻黄素、硅藻黄素等。直到目前为止，海藻中类胡萝卜素的组成与生理学功能尚没有明确的结论，因而对我国丰富的海藻资源中的类胡萝卜素进行较为系统和全面的化学及生物活性研究已成为摆在我们面前的一个重要课题。本研究选取我国青岛海滨三类大型经济海藻——红、绿、褐藻中资源量丰富的代表性种类作为实验材料，较系统地测定了其中类胡萝卜素的含量，并运用经典的柱层析法对各类胡萝卜素组分进行了分离，通过薄层分析和可见光谱扫描对各分离组分进行了定性、定量分析。