Ecological effects analysis of land use change in coal mining area based on ecosystem service valuing: a case study in Jiawang

Land use change is one of the uppermost driving forces of regional ecosystem change, and has a huge impact on the environmental balance. Mining areas with intensive resources exploitation and utilization have undergone different kinds of environmental influences, such as water pollution and land use cover change. The extensive coal mining in China has led to significant regional land use change resulting in major ecological damage. The objective of this study was to form a clearer picture of the regional ecological environmental situation for promoting ecological protection and improvement by ecosystem service valuing. The case study area was selected at Jiawang town, which has undergone extensive coal mine exploitation for many decades. The study investigated the relationship between land use change and ecological environment, and described the ecosystem service value variations in Jiawang, based on remote sensing and GIS technology. After modification of regional ecosystem service value coefficients, the method was used to evaluate the conditions in the study area from 1990 to 2005 based on the land use/cover information interpreted from TM/ETM+ images. The characters and changes of ecosystem service values were then analyzed both quantitatively and spatially.     

云南老王寨金矿的深部地质过程——来自显微岩相学和元素地球化学的证据

通过老王寨金矿围岩、蚀变岩石、矿石的显微岩相学和元素地球化学的系统研究发现：伴随硅化、碳酸盐化等蚀变和硫化物矿化,岩（矿）石中发育沿粒间、裂隙或角闪石解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明超显微隐晶,经电子探针、扫描电镜和能谱分析鉴定,该固体物质主要由超显微晶石英、硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫化物以及呈熔离交生关系的金红石、白钨矿和镜铁矿（磁铁矿）组成;熔离交生结构与沉淀共晶结构共存的特有岩相学特征指示成矿流体具备由熔体性质向热液性质转化的特性。结合岩（矿）石稀土微量元素研究,认为这种在透射光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的超显微隐晶固体物质,是具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体引发交代蚀变的直接微观表现之一;在交代蚀变过程中其性质由熔浆向地壳热液过渡,同时与地壳物质发生混染而有利于成矿作用的进行。     

Red clay deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau during 11.0–2.6?Ma and its implications for long-term evolution of East Asian monsoon

Loess and red clay on the Chinese Loess Plateau have produced a detailed history of the East Asia monsoon for the past eight million years. Recently, a well-conserved red clay sequence was discovered at Shilou on the eastern edge of Chinese Loess Plateau, extending the monsoon history back to approximately 11 Ma. By comparing lithologic features, particle size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and deposition rate of Shilou red clay sequence, the paleomonsoon evolution from 11 to 2.6 Ma can be divided into four stages: largely fluctuated stage (11.0–8.0 Ma), relatively strengthened period (8.0–6.5 Ma), extremely changed stage (6.5–4.9 Ma) and further intensified period (4.9–2.6 Ma). The new evidence indicates that variation of paleomonsoon has close relationship with uplifting of the Tibetan Plateau and ongoing global cooling and the consequent expansion of ice sheets during 11.0–2.6 Ma.     

Distribution and Geochemical Implication of Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Meishan Permian-Triassic Boundary

INTRODUCTIONThe Permian-Triassic ( Tr/P) boundary , datedto be (251 .4±0 .3) Ma ago ,is marked by the mostdrastic mass extinction of organisms in the Phanero-zoic .In order to explore the pattern and the cause ofthe mass extinction,extensive research has been fo-cused on biostratigraphy , isotopic chronostratigra-phy , event stratigraphy , ecostratigraphy and se-quence stratigraphy (Payne et al .,2004 ; Reichowetal .,2002 ; Yin et al .,2001 ;Jin et al .,2000 ;Zhanget al .,1996 ,1995 ;…     

福建沿海地区土壤元素含量特征与地质背景研究

根据福建沿海深层土壤元素含量的统计分析,表明9大类地质体为背景的土壤元素含量存在差异,与均值对比Ag、Au、Sn、Co、Cu的含量受地质背景影响较小,B、Cr、Ni、Li、As、Sb、Hg、Mo、Bi、Cd、Br、C1、S、CaO、I、Na2O含量则影响明显。     

岩浆-流体过渡和阿尔泰三号伟晶岩脉之成因

本文对新疆阿尔泰可可托海的三号伟晶岩形成的物理化学条件、特别是流体-熔融包裹体进行了研究，证明岩浆的确可以分出热液，对于三号伟晶岩脉来说，这种热液组分主要是NaCl－CO2－H2O流体。     

Magma type and genesis of the basic-ultrabasic layered intrusions in Panzhihua-Xichang area,Southwest China

The layered intrusions in the Panzhihua-Xichang area may be grouped into two types: basic rock masses represented by the Panzhihua rockbody and basic-ultrabasic rock masses represented by the Hongge rockbody. Their major difference lies in that the former has poorly developed ultramafic facies, while the latter is characterized by well developed mafic facies and ultramafic facies. There exists apparent rhythmic stratification in the rock masses, which can be basically divided into four grades in terms of superimposition relationship and multicycle characters. Both direct and indirect evidence suggest that the magma responsible for the layered intrusions in this area should be a transition-type alkaline olivine basalt magma derived directly from partial melting of the upper mantle. In rhythmic cycles of various grades, the magmatic evolution is characterized obviously by periodicity and early enrichment of Fe and Ti, which is evidently different from the evolution of the Skaergaard magma in which Fe and Ti are enriched at the late stage. The FCA diagram can be used to describe the unique evolutionary trend of magma in this area. It is demonstrated in this diagram that the enrichment of Fe and Ti is consistent with the increase of basicity. In the upper magmatic chamber, the evolutionary trend of magma is conditioned by the difference in pressure, and this enables magma to form different types of rock assemblage. In the Fo-Di-An system, when the pressure exceeds 5 x 18⁸ Pa, forsterite is incompatible with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Hongge type might form; when the pressure is lower than 5 x 10⁸ Pa, forsterite can coexist with anorthite, and the rock facies sequence of Panzhihua type is likely to form if the magma is relatively rich in Mg and Fe components.     

Iron isotopic analyses of geological reference materials on MC-ICP-MS with instrumental mass bias corrected by three independent methods

Here we report iron (Fe) isotopic data of three pure Fe solution standards (IRMM-014, GSB Fe, and NIST 3126a) and five widely used geological reference materials (RMs) from the United States Geological Survey and Geological Survey of Japan obtained on a Neptune Plus multi-collector–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS) in our laboratory over the past 3 years. The instrumental mass bias was corrected by three independent methods: sample-standard bracketing (SSB), Ni doping?+?SSB, and ⁵⁷Fe–⁵⁸Fe double spike?+?SSB. Measurements reveal that both the Ni doping and double spike methods helped calibrate short-term fluctuations in mass bias. Collectively, almost all measurements of RMs yielded δ⁵⁶Fe within?±?0.05 of recommended values, provided that each sample was measured four times on MC-ICP-MS. For the first time, new recommended values for NIST SRM3126a are reported (δ⁵⁶Fe?=?0.363?±?0.006, 2SE, 95% CI; and δ⁵⁷Fe?=?0.534?±?0.010, 2SE).     

钛基柱撑累托石矿物材料的研究

在氮气环境中用TiCI4和HCI制成钛基柱撑液，采用离子交换法，用[Ti20O32(OH)12(OH2)18]^4 Dawson型Ti多核阳离子，交换累托石蒙皂石质晶层中的Na等阳离子，制成钛基柱撑累托石。通过电子探针定量分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热分析及魔角旋转核磁共振等方法，对钛基柱撑累托石的成分、结构和热稳定性进行了表征。钛基柱撑累托石具1．6nm的层孔隙，是一种很有应用前途的柱撑粘土矿物材料，有望在催化剂载体及环保材料领域中得到广泛的使用。     

中国海城地震区地壳与上地幔构造特征的研究

研究表明,海城地震区地壳与上地幔构造特征可以归纳为如下四点:1.震区所处的辽南地区,其地壳是由高速与低速相间的成层介质组成,地壳与上地幔结构不论纵向和横向都是不均匀的,且被深大断裂切割为若干块体;2.本区地壳按其界面分布特征可分为上层地壳、中层地壳和下层地壳;3.本区地壳介质在纵向及横向上均存在明显的不均一性;4.海城地震震源区位于耿庄——海城上地幔局部隆起东侧的中层地壳上部。