Gamma-ray bursts: post-burst evolution of fireballs

The post-burst evolution of fireballs that produce γ-ray bursts (GRBs) is studied, assuming the expansion of fireballs to be adiabatic and relativistic. Numerical results as well as an approximate analytic solution for the evolution are presented. Owing to the adoption of a new relation between t R and γ, our results differ markedly from previous studies. Synchrotron radiation from the shocked interstellar medium is carefully calculated, using a conventional set of equations. The observed X-ray flux of GRB afterglows can be reproduced easily. Although the optical afterglows seem much more complicated, our results can still present a rather satisfactory agreement with observations. We also find that the expansion will no longer be highly relativistic about 4 d after the main GRB. We thus suggest that the marginally relativistic phase of the expansion should be investigated so as to check the afterglows observed a week or more later.     

西海固地区构造应力场特征及其与地震活动性的关系

我们根据该区11个M_s≥3.5级地震的震源机制资料,求得该区主压应力轴的平均方向为北东75°,平均仰角为17°。结合地形变资料和深部构造特征,讨论了该区构造应力场特征及其与地震活动性的关系。     

我国石油地球物理勘探的回顾与展望

本文简述了中华人民共和国成立三十年以来石油地球物理勘探工作的发展过程。分阶段地介绍了在中国西部、东北和华北等地区工作时的技术成就和地质效果。也概要地介绍了作者对今后石油物探技术发展方向的看法。     

皖南祁门-歙县地区元古界变质岩地层原始构造环境和形变

1975年和1976年,作者和安徽省地质局332队宿立先、黄清涛同志先后观测了皖南的铺岭组和井潭组剖面,并将部分资料作过初步介绍。1977年作者又到现场观测和收集了牛屋组、板桥组、漳前组的有关资料。本文就是根据已收集的初步资料整理而成。研究地区元古界变质杂岩包括休宁组以前的地层。安徽省区域地质调查队将它分为漳前、板桥、木坑(环沙)、牛屋、邓家和井潭(铺岭)六个组分别归于震旦系和前震旦系(表1)。     

三分量磁饱和式磁力仪

本文概述了为青藏科考大地电磁测深工作研制的三分量磁饱和式磁力仪的原理、性能、用途和野外使用情况。 仪器的技术指标为:分辨率0.2伽（亻马）;灵敏度100毫伏/伽（亻马）;温度系数l伽（亻马）/℃;记录频带0-1.0赫兹;耗电量18瓦。 在青藏高原的地球物理考察中,用本仪器先后在藏南、藏北五个点进行了连续数月的野外地磁测量。从工作情况看,仪器工作正常,记录了一次完整的磁暴,为研究青藏高原地壳与上地幔的电性结构提供了一批有意义的资料。     

全隐伏变质岩系构造分析的几个问题

对于完全无露头的低-中级变质并多期变形的变质杂岩,由于变形复杂及地表全无露头,因而在进行构造分析时将会遇到许多困难。例如安徽霍丘群含铁岩系自进行普查勘探以来,迄今未作出肯定的构造解释。困难之处在于:(1)难于确定钻孔中各岩性层的产状及其变化;(2)难于找出连续、稳定的简单标志层。例如该群的不同组中都有类似的岩性层(碳酸岩、片岩、片麻岩)。     

SOUTHERN BOUNDARY FORCING RELATIVE TO GENESIS, MAINTENANCE AND OSCILLATION OF A SUBTROPICAL HIGH*

A nonlinear critical layer and a Kelvin cat's eye excited thereupon are simulated through four schemes in the context of a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic barotropic vorticity equation model with forced stationary wave acting along the southern boundary to investigate effects of tropical steady forcing on the genesis,maintenance and oscillation of a subtropical high(STH).Evidence suggests that the southern forcing is responsible for the planetary quasi-steady anticyclonic Kelvin cat's eye-form flow field inside the nonlinear critical layer,with the eye shifting,vigor and shape changing quite similar to the behaviors of a summer STH,in striking contrast to the northern stationary forcing.As such,the southern boundary-caused cat's eye is likely to be an even more important mechanism for STH genesis and evolution.In addition,a physical mechanism is introduced for quasi-steady planetary wave moving through the critical layer at subtropical latitudes.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER CONTENT BY SPACE-BORNE COMBINED RADAR-RADIOMETER

A retrieval method of microwave(MW)space-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid watercontent by the combined radar-radiometer is suggested.A three-layer cloud model is chosen torepresent the typical stratified precipitating cloud.The retrieval method mainly follows ourpreviously suggested scheme with some modifications.Numerical comparative study shows that inspace-borne remote sensing of cloud liquid water content by the combined method is much betterthan by radar only;Also the retrieval accuracy of cloud liquid water content may be improvedwhen using the three-layer cloud model in the combined method.     

Ulysses的观测与太阳风加速机理初议

Ulysses 是迄今为止第一次沿独特的日球纬度方向考察日球高纬度空间区域的飞船。本文描述了 Ulysses 飞船的部分主要观测结果,并进行了分析,在 Ulysses 飞船穿越太阳南,北极之前,科学家们提出了各种不同的太阳风速度、磁场等参量的纬向变化模型。分析表明,这些模型都不能解释 Ulysses 飞船的观测结果。Ulysses 飞船的观测对经典的太阳风理论提出了挑战,太阳风的加热与加速是一个远没有被解决的问题。观测与分析表明,经典热传导不可能驱动高速流,太阳风的加速伴随着加热的发生,而加热率大小可能与离子的回旋频率有关;太阳风的热源可能不是单一的形式,而且不同形式的热源对太阳的加热贡献大小与日球径向距离有关。本文讨论并分析了几种可能的太阳风加热与加速机制。     

一些常见铀矿物的红外吸收光谱特征

作者对我国产出的41种常见的铀矿物进行了红外光谱分析,并收集了国外已有资料,综合了10类53种铀矿物的红外吸收光谱特征。