测量仪器在高层建筑施工中的应用

本文论述了新型测量仪器在高层建筑施工测量中的使用情况,并对新型测量仪器的使用方法及测量精度进行了分析。     

甘肃第四纪古地理环境

第四纪在全球性冰期和间冰期气候影响下，甘肃气候呈干旱、寒冷与温暖、湿润交替变化。沉积物以灰色格调为主，水平和垂直分带规律明显，成因类型复杂。各地区在小气候影响下植被发育不平衡。总的看来，以干旱区系草本植物为主，喜温暖湿热的木本植物较少，一般呈荒漠草原型和疏林草原型，局部为森林草原型。动物群的分布和古人类的发展受古地理环境影响：早更新世早期以大型哺乳动物为主；早更新世晚期和中更新世以穴居的鼠兔类为主；晚更新世以干旱—半干旱草原型动物群为特征；全新世在适宜条件下人类文化得到发展，部分野生动物在人类豢养下成为家畜     

Urban change detection related to earthquakes using an adaptive nonlinear mapping of high-resolution images

We propose a nonlinear mapping method for detecting geographical changes. In our system, two images photographed at different points of time are checked based on an iterative nonlinear mapping. The system automatically extracts feature changes of aerial imageries by computing distribution of the image matching score. We evaluate the change detection ability by using the receiver operating characteristic under misregistration cases, including rotational misalignments.     

强地震前地下流体趋势异常的再探讨

重新探讨了强地震前地下流体趋势异常,获得了一些认识：地下流体异常不一定存在完整的趋势、短期和短临等异常类型,但趋势异常普遍存在;地下流体特别是地下水位的趋势性异常,其开始时的形态不一定为缓慢变化;地下流体趋势异常不一定具有时空转移特征;地下流体趋势异常可能为“共同前兆”.     

湘西保靖县塘口湾水库岩溶渗漏分析

库区可能渗漏的岩溶形态,特别是岩溶负向形态的观测、钻孔和跨孔电磁波透视及CT层析成像揭示,库区的岩溶渗漏途径有所不同。根据控岩断裂的分布、岩溶发育强度和渗漏途径的变化特征,归纳为3种岩溶渗漏类型(方式): 断裂裂隙间溶裂系统(缝)渗漏,多发生在页岩与碳酸盐岩界面附近;小型溶隙(缝)孔洞渗漏,集中在500m 高程段上下;洞穴复合系统渗漏,主要在510m 高程上下。库区岩溶渗漏严重性由下而上增强。      

甘肃拾金坡金矿床成因:来自40Ar/39Ar定年、成矿流体及H-O-S同位素证据

甘肃拾金坡金矿床是北山造山带南部的一处重要中型金矿床。矿体以石英脉和蚀变岩形式产出,受东西向断裂控制,赋矿围岩为早泥盆世拾金坡二长花岗岩。矿石中主要金属硫化物为黄铁矿及少量方铅矿、闪锌矿和磁黄铁矿。石英脉两侧花岗岩发生强烈的硅化、黄铁绢英岩化和绿泥石化。热液蚀变绢云母40 Ar/39 Ar坪年龄为(364.6±3)Ma,表明成矿作用发生在晚泥盆世。矿石石英中流体包裹体可分为早晚两期:早期流体包裹体群包含不同气液比水溶液包裹体和含CO2包裹体,指示成矿过程存在流体沸腾作用,其均一温度集中在280～325℃,盐度(w(NaCl))为7.86%～9.21%;晚期流体包裹体群只发育水溶液包裹体,均一温度集中于160～230℃,盐度为9.47%～11.10%。成矿流体属中温低盐度、富CO2流体。流体从早阶段演化到晚阶段,温度降低约100℃,压力由约113 MPa骤减到约11 MPa。流体包裹体的δ18 OH2O值为1.39‰～3.39‰,δD值为-71‰～-99‰。氢氧投图中,石英脉和蚀变岩样品构成良好的线性关系,暗示初始成矿流体主要来自变质热液,晚期有强烈大气降水加入。矿石金属硫化物δ34S值变化范围为4.44‰～11.33‰,峰值为8‰～9‰,呈塔式分布。与区域S同位素资料对比分析表明,石英脉型矿石S主要来自前寒武系基底,蚀变岩型矿石S更多地继承了花岗岩围岩S。综合分析认为,拾金坡金矿床属于造山型金矿,形成于造山晚期挤压—伸展转换环境。     

Quantitative Analysis of Micro-structural Changes in a Bituminous Coal After Exposure to Supercritical CO2 and Water

Natural Resources Research - High-volatile bituminous coal samples were reacted in deionized water with supercritical CO2 (ScCO2–water) under simulated in situ pressure and temperature...     

Analysis of effects of active sources on observed phase velocity based on the thin layer method

In the wave field induced by active sources, the observed phase velocity of surface waves is influenced by both mode incompatibility (i.e. non-planar spread of surface waves is idealized as plane waves) and body waves. Effects of sources are usually investigated based on numerical simulations and physical models. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate the effects. In application, however, these methods may also have difficulties since the energy of the body waves depends on soil stratification and parameters. There are multiple modes of surface waves in layered media, among which the higher modes dominate the wave field for soils with the irregular shear velocity profiles. Considering the mode incompatibility and the higher modes, we derive analytical expressions for the effective phase velocity of the surface waves based on the thin layer stiffness method, and investigate the effects of the body waves on the observed phase velocity through the phase analysis of the vibrations of both the surface waves and the body waves. The results indicate that the effective phase velocity of the surface waves in layered media varies with the frequency and the spread distance, and is underestimated compared to that of the plane surface waves in the spread range less than about one wavelength. The oscillations that appeared in the observed phase velocity are due to the involvement of the body waves. The mode incompatibility can be ignored in the range beyond one wavelength, while the influence range of the body waves is far beyond one wavelength. The body waves have a significant influence on the observed phase velocity of the surface waves in soils with a soft layer trapped between the first and the second layers because of strong reflections.     

锆石中磷的分带趋势、成因及地质意义

本文用电子探针对岩浆和变质重结晶锆石进行了成份分带的研究，结果表明，变质重结晶锆石具有从晶体中心至边缘Ｐ２Ｏ５含量增大的特点，可作为它们的成因标型特征，岩浆锆石则Ｐ２Ｏ５含量变化不稳定，本文论述了它们的成因。     

Geochronology of the volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong basin and its significance

The Lu-Zong (Lujiang-Zongyang) basin is one of the most important volcanic basins in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area, China. It comprises four shoshonitic volcanic units, which are, in an ascending order, the Longmenyuan, Zhuanqiao, Shuangmiao and Fushan Groups. The LA-ICP MS U-Pb zircon ages of the four units are: 134.8±1.8 Ma for the Longmenyuan Group, 134.1±1.6 Ma for the Zhuanqiao Group, 130.5±0.8 Ma for the Shuangmiao Group, and 127.1±1.2 Ma for the Fushan Group. The results indicate that all volcanic rocks in the Lu-Zong basin were formed in the Early Cretaceous from about 135 Ma to 127 Ma, lasting 8-10 Ma. There were no Jurassic volcanic activities in all the volcanic basins including the Lu-Zong basin in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area. This work has provided new chronological results for the further study and understanding of the tec- tonic, magmatic and metallogenic processes of eastern China in the Mesozoic.