中日花鲈生化遗传变异的初步研究

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术对中日花鲈群体的遗传结构进行了分析 ,共检测了中国沿海花鲈 1 4 6个个体和日本东京湾花鲈 40个个体中 1 2种同工酶的 1 6个基因位点。同工酶分析表明 :中日花鲈多态位点比例分别为 0 .4375和 0 .375 0。中日花鲈观测杂合度分别为 0 .0 2 83,0 .0 32 4 ;预期杂合度分别为 0 .0 4 73,0 .0 782。两者间在 LDH* ,GPI- 1 * ,GPI- 2 * 基因位点上的等位基因接近完全替代。中国花鲈和日本花鲈间根井遗传距离为 0 .1 91 8,远远高于中国种群间的遗传距离。     

CALCULATIONS OF WAVE BREAKING PROBABILITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF BREAKING WAVE HEIGHTS IN DEEP WATER

lareODUcrI0NThephenomenonofbreakingwavesintheoasnoocurswheneveramomentahiyhighcrestmecheSanunstablecondition.It0ccursintendtimhy,andtheoccurrencefre-qUencydePendsonthescastate.ManystudAshaddricaniedoutontheoccurmcefre-qUencyofbrmkingwavesindeepweter.0chiandTsai(l983),LongueHiggins(l975)andVanD0mandPamn(l975)nadstheptalictonofbrmkingwavesoccurrenceindeePwater,usingabaskingcriterionforindividualwavesbasedonthewavesmpness.ThecriterioncanbeexpmeedintennSofthewaVehdghtHandperiodTasH>PgT'(…     

Carbon sequestration effects of shrublands in Three-North Shelterbelt Forest region,China

Three-North Shelterbelt Forest(TSF) program, is one of six key forestry programs and has a 73-year construction period, from 1978 to 2050. Quantitative analysis of the carbon sequestration of shrubs in this region is important for understanding the overall function of carbon sequestration of the forest and other terrestrial ecosystems in China. This study investigated the distribution area of shrubland in the TSF region based on remote sensing images in 1978 and 2008, and calculated the carbon density of shrubland in combination with the field investigation and previous data from published papers. The carbon sequestration quantity and rate from 1978 to 2008 was analyzed for four sub-regions and different types of shrubs in the TSF region. The results revealed that: 1) The area of shrubland in the study area and its four sub-regions increased during the past thirty years. The area of shrubland for the whole region in 2008 was 1.2 × 10~7 ha, 72.8% larger than that in 1978. The Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region was the largest shrubland distribution area, while the highest coverage rate was found in the North China Sub-region. 2) In decreasing order of their carbon sequestration, the four types of shrubs considered in this study were Hippophae rhamnoides, Caragana spp., Haloxylon ammodendron and Vitex negundo var. heterophylla. The carbon sequestration of H. rhamnoides, with a maximum mean carbon density of 16.5 Mg C/ha, was significantly higher than that of the other three species. 3) The total carbon sequestration of shrubland in the study region was 4.5×10~7 Mg C with a mean annual carbon sequestration of 1.5 ×10~6 Mg C. The carbon density in the four sub-regions decreased in the following order: the Loess Plateau Sub-region, the North China Sub-region, the Northeast China Sub-region and the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang Sub-region. The paucity of studies and data availability on the large-scale carbon sequestration of shrub species suggests this study provides a baseline reference for future research in this area.     

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盐度胁迫对小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)抗氧化酶、非特异性免疫酶和Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响

为了研究不同盐度对小黄鱼生理的影响,以人工养殖的4月龄小黄鱼(体质量为(12.6±3.1)g)为实验对象,将在自然海水(对照组盐度为22.1)中养殖的小黄鱼转入到盐度为5(低盐组)和34.5(高盐组)的海水中进行急性盐度胁迫处理10 d,测定并分析肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP...     

2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素

以塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区为研究对象,基于植被NPP、气象、土地利用/覆盖、河流等数据,采用趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、地理探测器等方法,探究了塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年植被NPP时空变化特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1） 在空间尺度上,塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区2000—2015年年均植被NPP为32.25 gC·m^-2·a^-1,变化范围在5.16~303.87 gC·m^-2·a^-1之间;年均NPP呈现出以塔里木河干流为带向周边波动递减的空间分布特征。（2） 在时间尺度上,16 a间保护区植被NPP呈现波动增长趋势,年均增加值为0.523 8 gC·m^-2·a^-1,在2001—2002年和2011—2012年出现突变性上升,2007—2008年出现突变性下降。（3） 影响植被NPP分异的核心因素为土地利用/覆盖、蒸散发、降水、河流缓冲区等,且由多因子协同作用造成;同时,地下水埋深对植被NPP变化有着重要影响。     

马来半岛彭亨河和吉兰丹河沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源示踪

通过对马来半岛东部彭亨河28个站位和吉兰丹河22个站位表层沉积物进行稀土元素（REE）测试,对比分析了稀土元素的组成特征和分布规律,探讨了稀土元素组成的控制因素和物源示踪意义。结果表明,彭亨河沉积物稀土元素含量介于24.88～304.29 μg/g之间,平均含量为165.22 μg/g,吉兰丹河沉积物中稀土元素含量介于126.02～281.40 μg/g之间,平均值为181.15 μg/g。彭亨河大部分沉积物上陆壳(UCC)标准化模式为重稀土相对轻稀土富集,吉兰丹河沉积物轻重稀土无明显分异。沉积物源岩和矿物组成对两条河流的REE组成起到了重要的控制作用,化学风化对彭亨河REE组成的影响大于吉兰丹河,而彭亨河沉积物粒度组成显著差异也导致了其REE含量变化范围更大。δEu_UCC-(Gd/Yb)_UCC关系图中彭亨河和吉兰丹河沉积物分区明显,表明其可作为定性判别两条河流来源的有效指标,并可用于海区沉积物来源的示踪和定量识别。     

Evolution of Hydrodynamic Field, Oil-Gas Migration and Accumulation in Songliao Basin, China

The oil-gas migration and accumulation in the Songliao Basin were analyzed in the view of fluid dynamics by the authors. The key point of fluid dynamics is hydrodynamics. Oil-gas migration and accumulation are related closely with formation and evolution of hydrodynamic field. Based on abundant data, initial formation pressure and other parameters, such as water head were studied. They can be used to understand the present distribution of hydrodynamic field and its hydrochemical features. Generally, the hydrodynamic field in the basin is obviously asymmetrical. In its north and east part, there are the areas of centripetal flow caused by topographic relief when meteoric water permeate downwards. Its south part is an evaporation-concentration area. The central depression is an area of centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction and its cross-formational flow area. Only at the basin margin and in the local uplifted and denudated area are the meteoric water permeating downwards areas. The centrifugal flow driven by sediment compaction is the main dynamic factor that induces oil-gas migration and accumulation and its formation period corresponding to the main stage of oil-gas migration and accumulation. Moreover, the evolution of hydrodynamic field has the cyclic property, which results in phased oil-gas migration by stages, and further dominates the terraced annular oil and gas distribution, concentric with their corresponding sags.     

基岩弹性刚度对土层地震反应的影响

将基岩上均匀、各向同性土层的地震反应,简化为置于弹性支座上的一维剪切梁模型进行分析。将地震激励假定为白噪声谱,在随机边界激励下,主要探讨了土层与基岩2种介质间的波阻抗比、波速比、土层厚度和阻尼特性对土层地震反应的影响。计算结果表明,对于一定的土层厚度,在一定阻尼比条件下,土层和基岩的阻抗比小到一定程度时,可以将基岩假定为刚性约束,而误差可以控制在一定的范围内。     

准噶尔盆地玛湖-盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系地下水动力场的形成与演化

油气运移、聚集与地下水动力场的形成和演化密切相关,随着盆地的形成与演化,地下水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。准噶尔盆地玛湖—盆1井西复合含油气系统侏罗系现今地下水动力场具有不对称性:西北缘和陆梁隆起以北地区发育向心流,凹陷内地下水动力表现为滞流,仅在莫索湾凸起及其以南地区发育弱离心流。研究区侏罗系地下水化学分布表明在盆1井西地区曾发育离心流,结合盆地沉积演化分析,研究区侏罗系地下水出现滞流的时间应该在古近纪。