黏土水泥浆材特性的试验研究

黏土水泥浆材是采空区处治的优选注浆材料,但目前关于优化浆材配比的研究较少。针对毕威高速公路水塘隧道出口段采空区处治工程,提出采用黏土水泥浆液进行注浆处理,并进行室内试验研究,得到了不同配比浆液的凝结时间、结石率、结石密度、结石体抗压强度、渗透系数及冲蚀率等性能指标。试验结果表明,固相比较低的浆液凝结时间较短,抗压强度较高,渗透系数较大;随原浆比重增加,浆液的凝结时间缩短,强度提高且渗透系数降低;偏铝酸钠可有效缩短浆液的凝结时间;最终确定了黏土水泥浆材的配比和原浆比重。本次研究可为高速公路下伏采空区的注浆治理提供设计依据。     

钻孔灌注桩施工对邻近运营隧道变形影响研究

桩基施工将引起周边地层位移和邻近隧道结构变形,以南京龙津桥改建项目桩基工程为背景,通过现场实测,分析研究钻孔灌注桩施工全过程各工况条件对地层位移场和邻近既有隧道结构变形的影响规律。结果表明:由于钢套管的护壁作用,钻孔灌注桩施工过程中产生的最大地层位移和隧道结构变形较小,说明采用“钢套管边旋压边取土”、“群桩间跳施工”等工艺,对周围土体扰动影响程度较小,建议近隧桩基工程采用全套管灌注桩的施工方法,监测分析结果可为类似工程提供技术参考。     

New evidence on the Neogene uplift of South Tianshan: constraints from the (U–Th)/He and AFT ages of borehole samples of the Tarim basin and implications for hydrocarbon generation

We identified a Neogene rapid uplift-denudation event of the South Tianshan based on apatite (U–Th)/He and apatite fission track (AFT) ages in Tertiary rocks of the Tarim basin, using borehole samples. The (U–Th)/He thermochronology can be used to reveal the tectono-thermal events with lower temperature than that of AFT thermochronology and has not been used previously to study the uplift of the Tianshan Mountain. Using these data, we show the relationship between the uplift of the South Tianshan and the subsidence/deposition of the northern Tarim basin during the Neogene. The apatite helium ages reveal the migration of uplift, erosion and deposition in the northern Tarim basin. A rapid uplift of the South Tianshan during the Miocene and a corresponding rapid subsidence in the northern Tarim basin occurred. However, in the Pliocene, the Kuqa Depression and South Tianshan uplifted and eroded at the same time and in turn provided the detrital source rocks for the Northern Uplift of the Tarim basin. In contrast to earlier studies, we arrive at the conclusion that the South Tianshan experienced rapid uplift in the Miocene based on (U–Th)/He data of apatite obtained from borehole samples collected in the Tarim basin itself, and not from the bordering mountain chain. Combined apatite (U–Th)/He and fission track thermochronometry enables reconstruction of thermal histories of sedimentary rocks between 40 and 120°C, and this has implications for the generation of liquid hydrocarbon in the 65–120°C range in the basin. Thermal and burial histories of typical samples were also modelled to show the rapid uplift in our study. Our works not only provide a new evidence for the South Tianshan uplift but also indicate that there is a coupling between uplift and subsidence in the South Tianshan and adjacent northern part of the Tarim basin, which controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Depression and Northern Uplift of the Tarim basin.     

黑河下游河岸林植物水分来源初步研究

通过分析黑河下游极端干旱区荒漠河岸林植物木质部水及其不同潜在水源稳定氧同位素组成(δ18O),应用"同位素质量守恒多元"分析方法初步研究了不同潜在水源对河岸林植物的贡献.结果表明:在黑河下游荒漠河岸林生态系统,在河水转化为地下水和土壤水及水分在土壤剖面再分配的过程中均存在强烈的同位素分馏.对植物水δ18O而言,胡杨、柽柳和苦豆子的δ18O分别为-6.43‰、-6.28‰~和-6.61‰,较苦苣菜(-5.14‰)和蒲公英(-5·52‰)明显偏负.柱状频率图显示胡杨最多能利用93%的地下水,柽柳最多利用90%的地下水.而苦豆子97%水分来源于80 cm土层范围内的土壤水.除0~20 cm土层内的土壤水外,苦苣菜和蒲公英可能还有其他潜在水源.即在黑河下游天然河岸林乔木和灌木较多地利用地下水,而草本植物仍然以地表水为主.     

TFe/TiO_2比值在攀枝花层状辉长岩体钒钛磁铁矿矿床勘探中的应用

攀枝花钒钛磁铁矿床是我国特大型晚期岩浆分凝型矿床。本文首次用ＴＦｅ／ＴｉＯ２比值对矿带、矿层、火成堆积旋回进行了详细划分,同时对断层位置、性质及矿床成因进行了判定,并提出在层状辉长岩体中,当ＴＦｅ／ＴｉＯ２比值小于２∶１的部位是寻找独立钛铁矿矿床最佳地段     

长江中下游江湖关系演变趋势数值模拟

以长江中下游防洪系统为对象,概述了在大型复杂防洪系统洪水行为数值模拟基础上,成功地将长江中下游洪水演进数学模型转化为面向长江防洪系统防洪规划方案评估需求的长江中下游江湖水沙演变的数学模型.为适应防洪规划方案论证涉及江湖水沙相互制衡相互关联客观情况,建立了面向江湖水沙关系及其演变的数学模型.针对长江中下游江湖水沙运动特点,在水沙数值模拟的范围内侧重对下荆江河道冲刷、荆江三口分流分沙模式、洞庭湖泥沙淤积、江湖耦合等环节进行了讨论,提出了合理可行的数值处理方法.模拟结果较好反映了江湖水沙演变规律,主要成果已应用于长江中下游防洪规划和防汛调度方案中.     

Mineral chemistry of olivines in cenozoic basalts from eastern China

Some-geological problems and solid-liquid equilibria in petrogenetic processes are discussed in the light of olivine chemistry based on 278 analyses of Cenozoic basalts and inclusions therefrom in eastern China. Prospective implications of these results have also been evaluated.     

京津地区长城系下伏变质岩系变质年龄及长城系底界年龄的厘定

长城系属中元古宇底部,其底界年龄一直存在争议。国内发表的数据在2000-1640Ma之间。通过分析以往数据,并据近年新资料,认为长城系底界年龄划在(1700±20)Ma是比较合理的。     

白云鄂博矿区磷灰石氧同位素研究

通过新建立的BiPO4转化法，笔者分析了白云鄂博矿区部分磷灰石的氧同位素组成，其变化范围为6．3‰～9．4‰，并通过与各种产状磷灰石及不同时代磷酸盐沉积的氧同位素对比、磷灰石形成温度的计算，以及磷灰石Sr－Pb同位素数据的分析，推断矿区磷灰石的形成可能与热水沉积作用有关。     

Determination of Trace Silver in Polymetallic Ore Samples by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry after Solid‐Phase Extraction Using a Microcolumn Comprising Eggshell Membrane

A rapid and inexpensive method was developed for the determination of trace silver in polymetallic ore samples by use of eggshell membrane (ESM), a natural biomaterial, as the solid‐phase extraction (SPE) adsorbent coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The ESM was used for the separation/pre‐concentration of silver, and the parameters affecting sensitivity, such as pH, sample flow rate, eluent volume and eluent flow rate, were carefully investigated. ESM was found to be an effective solid phase extractant for the adsorption of trace silver over a wide range of acidity from 0.02 to 0.50 mol l^?1 HNO₃. The sample solution in 0.4 mol l^?1 HNO₃ was pumped through an ESM microcolumn at the rate of 1.0 ml min^?1. Silver was absorbed, and then eluted with a solution of 1.0% m/v thiourea–0.5% v/v HCl. Under these optimal conditions, ESM exhibited a good enrichment efficiency for silver with a dynamic adsorption capacity of 1.7 mg g^?1. The proposed method was applied to the FAAS determination of trace silver in polymetallic ores and geological reference materials, GSO‐2, 3 and 5, and GSD‐11, GSD‐12, and the determined values were in good agreement with certified values.