Dissolved trace elements in river water: spatial distribution and the influencing factor, a study for the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China

Twenty-nine water samples were collected from different river channels of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, China. An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectromonitor (ICP-MS) was used to measure concentrations of the trace elements in these samples. The results suggest that the average concentrations of rare earth elements in river water show an increasing trend from the West River, the North River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta, and the Shenzhen River to the East River. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals appear in the East River, the rivers of the Pearl River Delta and the Shenzhen River, while the West River and the North River have relatively low heavy metal concentrations. Trace element concentrations in samples collected near urban or industrial areas are much higher than those of samples collected from distant areas, away from urban and industrial areas. After natural conditions, human activities have significant influence on the trace element concentrations in river water. This trace element concentration’s spatial distribution in the river water from the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is actually an integrated effect of natural conditions and human activity.     

桂北地区早石炭世杜内期的长身贝类的发现及其生物古地理意义

在广西北部兴安县高尚镇金子山剖面下石炭统鹿寨组底部，新发现了长身贝类腕足化石，包括1新种、1个相似种、6个未定种和2个属种未定类型。这些长身贝类以Productellidae和Productidae科的分子为主，另有少量Echinoconchidae和Monticuliferidae科的分子。这些长身贝类全部属于生活在静水环境中的薄壳类型，无一与华南同期地层中已知类型相同。它们之间的差异可能反映了不同沉积环境条件对腕足动物群属种的控制。在鹿寨组底部发现的长身贝类以及近年在桂林南边村和黔南睦化剖面腕足动物群的发现显示出华南台缘斜坡―盆地相区杜内阶中的腕足动物群具有极高的属种分异度，不但有大量见于世界其他地方同期动物群中的分子，也包含有不少原本认为只在维宪阶或更高层位出现的类型或全新的类型，说明华南台缘斜坡―盆地相区不但与世界其他地区的腕足动物群之间存在密切的生物地理区系联系，而且华南台缘斜坡―盆地相区是杜内期腕足动物起源和辐射演化的重要策源地之一。许多属种可能是在这里起源，并迁移扩散到其他地方。     

REE/trace element characteristics of sandstone-type uranium deposits in the Ordos Basin

1 Introduction The Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China. During the last 10 years, a great progress has been achieved in the aspects of tectonic evolution, dynamics process, inner and outer geological processes during Mesozoic-Cen…     

西南资源环境信息共享与服务平台原型设计

地理信息共享与GIS互操作是社会化GIS时代地理信息技术发展的必然趋势。本文在简述地理信息共享及GIS互操作理论的基础上，分析了基于Web服务的信息生命周期和OGC提出的OpenGIS服务架构，最后提出了西南资源环境信息共享与服务平台的初步架构。     

西部煤炭资源调查评价中遥感技术的应用

通过西部煤炭资源勘查对遥感技术的需求以及煤田地质体的可解译性、遥感技术的实际应用效果分析,论述了西部煤炭资源调查评价中遥感技术的重要作用,提出了今后遥感技术的应用建议.     

淮河流域土壤湿度异常的时空分布特征及其与气候异常关系的初步研究

利用中国东部1990~2000年旬平均土壤湿度、降水和气温观测资料，通过对0~50 cm层次土壤湿度进行旋转主分量分析 (REOF)，重点分析了淮河流域土壤湿度的时空分布特征, 并初步研究了土壤湿度与前期、同期和后期不同时段降水与气温的关系。发现春季以30 cm为界，30 cm以上各层土壤湿度异常的第一旋转空间模态十分相似, 其大值中心主要位于淮河流域，而30 cm以下 (30~50 cm) 各层的第二旋转空间模态与之亦十分类似, 因此称该模态为“淮河型”，而夏季和秋季虽然该模态也很显著, 但特征不如春季突出。该模态在各层次土壤中具有明显的持续性特征，均存在40旬左右的显著周期；并与前期和同期降水（气温）呈显著正 (负) 相关关系，与约半年后的降水 (气温) 呈负 (正) 相关关系。     

土壤热异常对地表能量平衡影响初探

将来自土壤深部的热通量引入off line的陆面过程模式 (NCAR—LSM ) ,通过长达 2a的数值试验对比分析了它对各层次土壤温度和地表能量平衡的影响。　　在土壤底部引入 5W /m2 的热通量使底层土壤显著升温 ,但升温随着接近表层而迅速衰减。积分 3个月后 ,由地下进入地表的热流量增幅可达 1W/m2 以上 ,并持续增大到 5W /m2 ,地表最大升温约 0 .5K ,同时地表感热、蒸发潜热及长波辐射通量均有 1W /m2 左右的正异常 ;若将土壤热传导系数放大一个量级以加速热量交换 ,则地表升温提高到 1K以上 ,长波辐射增加 3W /m2 以上 ,超过了气溶胶全球平均的辐射效应。结果表明 :一定量值的土壤热异常对地表能量平衡和短期气候变化 (10 -1～ 10 1a)有着不可忽略的影响。同时 ,深入的资料分析、完善的陆面过程模式以及它与大气模式的耦合试验也是亟待进行的相关工作。     

土壤热异常影响地表能量平衡的个例分析和数值模拟

The statistical relationship between soil thermal anomaly and short-term climate change is presented based on a typical case study. Furthermore, possible physical mechanisms behind the relationship are revealed through using an off-line land surface model with a reasonable soil thermal forcing at the bottom of the soil layer.In the first experiment, the given heat flux is 5 W m-2 at the bottom of the soil layer (in depth of 6.3 m)for 3 months, while only a positive ground temperature anomaly of 0.06℃ can be found compared to the control run. The anomaly, however, could reach 0.65℃ if the soil thermal conductivity was one order of magnitude larger. It could be even as large as 0.81℃ assuming the heat flux at bottom is 10 W m-2. Meanwhile, an increase of about 10 W m-2 was detected both for heat flux in soil and sensible heat on land surface, which is not neglectable to the short-term climate change. The results show that considerable response in land surface energy budget could be expected when the soil thermal forcing reaches a certain spatial-tem poral scale. Therefore, land surface models should not ignore the upward heat flux from the bottom of the soil layer. Moreover, integration for a longer period of time and coupled land-atmosphere model are also necessary for the better understanding of this issue.     

Phillips模式的斜压不稳定的非线性饱和问题:能量情形

A conservation law for the Phillips model is derived. Using this law, the nonlinear saturation of purely baroclinic instability caused by the vertical velocity shear of the basic flow in the Phillips model-the case of energy-is studied within the context of Arnold's second stability theorem. Analytic upper bounds on the energy of wavy disturbances are obtained. For one unstable region in the parameter plane, the result here is a second-order correction in ε to Shepherd's; For another unstable region, the analytic upper bound on the energy of wavy disturbances offers an effective constraint on wavy (nonzonal) disturbances φ'i at any time.     

东亚地区春冬季与夏季大气环流异常相互关系的研究

利用1951~2000年共50年的北半球500 hPa月平均高度距平场资料和奇异值分解技术（SVD），重点对东亚地区季节间大气环流异常的相互关系进行了初步探讨。结果表明，东亚地区季节间大气环流异常存在着较为密切的关联，并且这种明显的非同步联系具有时空相关显著的特点，尤其是夏季大气环流异常与其前冬和前春大气环流异常的联系更为密切。当前冬和前春北半球东亚大槽和北美大槽及蒙古高压偏强（或偏弱），极涡偏弱（或偏强），中高纬度盛行经向环流（或纬向环流），以及低纬和热带地区高度正距平（或负距平）明显时，则对应于夏季东亚地区西太平洋副高和鄂霍次克海阻高强度偏强（或偏弱），位置偏南（或偏北），贝加尔湖阻高强度也偏强（或偏弱），但位置偏西（或偏东）的大尺度环流形势出现。当春季北半球大气环流具有上述特点以及夏季鄂霍次克海阻高和西太平洋副高强度偏强（或偏弱），位置偏南（或偏北），且极涡较弱（较强）时，则东亚地区秋季大气环流对应于蒙古高压加强（或较弱），西太平洋副高减弱（或加强），并向南和向东移动（或移动较慢），极涡向南扩散（或扩散减弱），大气环流向冬季过渡加快（或减慢）。另外，大气环流异常还具有一定的持续性特征。