A Coupled General Circulation Model for the Tropical Pacific Ocean and Global Atmosphere

On the basis of Zeng’s theoretical design, a coupled general circulation model (CGCM) is developed with its characteristics different from other CGCMs such as the unified vertical coordinates and subtraction of the standard stratification for both atmosphere and ocean, available energy consideration, and so on. The oceanic component is a free surface tropical Pacific Ocean GCM between 30oN and 30oS with horizontal grid spacing of 1o in latitude and 2o in longitude, and with 14 vertical layers. The atmospheric component it a global GCM with low-resolution of 4o in latitude and 5o in longitude, and two layers or equal man in the vertical between the surface and 200 hPa. The atmospheric GCM includes comprehensive physical processes. The coupled model is subjected to seasonally-varying cycle. Several coupling experiments, ranging from straight forward coupling without flux correction to one with flux correction, and to so-called predictor-corrector monthly coupling (PCMC), are conducted to show the existence and final controlling of the climate drift in the coupled system. After removing the climate drift with the PCMC scheme, the coupled model is integrated for more than twenty years. The results show reasonable simulations of the annual mean and its seasonal cycle of the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The model also produces the coherent interannual variations of the climate system, manifesting the observed El Ni?o / Southern Oscillation (ENSO).     

Geology and Genesis of the Mafic—Ultramafic Complexes in the Huangshan—Jingerquan（HJ） Belt,East Xinjiang

More than twenty mafic-ultramafic complexes, which host several mediumor large-sized Cu−Ni deposits, occur along the Huangshan-Jingerquan (HJ) belt in East Xinjiang. Rock types in these complexes are predominated by peridotite, pyroxene peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, gabbronorite, orthopyroxene gabbro, troctolite, gabbro and diorite. The ultramafic rocks are relatively Fe-enriched and are characterized by an assemblage of olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+hornblende±plagioclase without obvious metamorphic textures. Chemically, these complexes are relatively Fe-enriched and show a tholeiitic trend of evolution. The complexes in this belt are intruded under the extensional environment in a Mid-Carboniferous back-arc basin. They can be considered as a new type of mafic-ultramafic complexes in orogenic belts, as designated by the name of the East-Xinjiang-type complexes. This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

有限元离散模型中的出平面运动形式

波动在有限元离散模型中传播时,会出现许多不同于连续介质中波动的现象.本文引用经典物理学中晶格动力学的分析方法,由有限元离散形式的出平面波动方程得到频散关系,在此基础上,讨论了集中质量有限元模型中各种可能的出平面运动形式,并分析了考虑时域离散化影响下各种形式可能存在的频率范围.     

试论加入WTO后我国海洋文化发展的法制意识趋势

在漫长的旧社会 ,由于各种原因 ,使得我国沿海地区居民的法制意识比较淡薄。我国加入WTO后 ,经济生活乃至社会生活将要严格遵守规则 ,从而也将促使我国沿海地区的法制意识增强。     

中国科学院地理研究所三十年(1953——1983)科研工作的回顾

本文对地理研究所三十年的科研工作进行了回顾。其中对科研工作的发展按四个时期作了简要分析。重点介绍了为生产和建设服务的工作,扼要总结了地理学基础理论研究方面的工作,最后阐述了实验技术的发展与新技术的应用。     

RADARSATSNBSAR数据在大面积水稻估产中的应用研究

由于雷达遥感的全天候、全天时的优势,使之成为南方大范围农业信息动态监测的最佳遥感手段。为了适宜于运行系统,本研究采用加拿大雷达卫星（RADARSAT）窄波扫描模式（SNB）数据,以广东省为例进行了大范围水稻估产。通过建立稻作图谱,解决了在地形复杂、农业集约化程度低、水稻田分布不规则,且地块间田间管理水平差异很大等诸多因素影响下的水稻信息提取问题;在野外观测站采集的水稻生长期生理生态数据的基础上,建立了基于RADARSAT SNB SAR的雷达遥感时序信息水稻估产模型。通过2000年早、晚两季水稻估产的实践证明,此模型估产的精度在平原区达到95％,而在复杂的丘岭谷地则需进一步提高图像预处理的精度,改进特殊地段估产模型的精度。从实用性而言,这是一套高效、经济的技术方法,易于投入实际运行阶段。     

社会主义宪法应该代表先进生产力的发展要求

根据“三个代表”的思想 ,社会主义宪法应该代表先进生产力的发展要求。中国的宪法发展说明 ,什么时候代表了中国先进社会生产力发展的要求 ,什么时候中国宪法就能健康发展     

Effect of near-fault earthquake on bridges: lessons learned from Chi-Chi earthquake

The objective of this paper is to describe the lessons learned and actions that have been taken related to the seismic design of bridge structures after the Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake. Much variable near-fault ground motion data was collected from the rupture of Chelungpu fault during the Chi-Chi earthquake, allowing the seismic response of bridge structures subjected to these near-fault ground motions to be carefully examined. To study the near-fault ground motion effect on bridge seismic design codes, a two-level seismic design of bridge structures was developed and implemented. This design code reflects the near-fault factors in the seismic design forces. Finally, a risk assessment methodology, based on bridge vulnerability, is also developed to assist in decisions for reducing seismic risk due to failure of bridges. Director of Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering. Supported by: the Science Council, Chinese Taipei, under grant no. SC 90-2211-E-002-028.     

从GIS数据库中挖掘空间离群点的一种高效算法

根据GIS的空间特性，借鉴已有的定义和概念，定义了空间离群点是和在其非空间属性邻域内其他空间对象在空间位置上差异十分显著的空间对象，并设计了SOD算法。实验结果验证了SOD算法的有效性和优越性，给出了从GIS数据库中挖掘空间离群点的一般步骤。     

近31年登陆北上台风特征及其成因分析

为探讨对我国产生严重影响的登陆北上台风的成因，利用1975—2005年台风资料及NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析等资料，分析了登陆北上台风的气候特征及其大尺度环流和物理量分布特征。结果发现，不仅西北太平洋副热带高压位置和强度变化对台风登陆北上起决定性作用，而且西风带系统和南亚高压活动有利于台风登陆后北折和持续北上也有不可忽视的影响。总结归纳台风登陆北上的预报着眼点，希望有助于提高此类台风的预报预警能力。