GPS/DR组合导航系统线性模型的研究与实现

GPS/DR组合导航一般建模成非线性系统,需要采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)等非线性滤波器.由于非线性的建模方式会使模型变得复杂,若采用EKF还会引入系统误差.提出基于单陀螺仪单加速度计的线性化模型,可以直接用包含位置和速度的标准卡尔曼滤波器(PV-SKF),改进的模型使用包含位置、速度和加速度的标准卡尔曼滤波器(PVA-SKF).仿真和实际测试表明,线性化模型的精度较高,改进的模型有更好的效果.     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼铜矿床成矿地质条件与成矿规律研究

阿巴嘎旗必鲁甘干钼铜矿床位于二连-东乌成矿带中部,为一大型斑岩型钼矿床。共探求钼金属量405 971t,铜金属量16 008t。矿床受断裂带和晚二叠世林西组与花岗斑岩接触带控制。钼矿床紧紧围绕NE向断裂与接触带交会复合段集中分布。接触带及其附近发育的构造裂隙为铜钼矿容矿空间。NE向断裂下盘为玄武岩或硅质角岩,上盘为含铜钼矿化花岗斑岩及硅质角岩,控制了花岗斑岩及含矿带边界,断层在成矿期及成矿后均有活动,属控岩控矿断裂构造。通过成矿地质条件,找矿规律研究,为下一步区域找矿提供参考依据。     

松辽盆地西南部钱家店凹陷DL铀矿带铀的赋存形式及成矿时代

为查明松辽盆地西南部钱家店凹陷新发现DL铀矿带青山口组铀的赋存形式、富集成矿机制及过程,联合对灰色砂、泥岩矿石开展了系统的岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜观察、能谱及电子探针分析、全岩U—Pb同位素定年。结果表明,砂泥岩矿石属于多物源供给的辫状河流相碎屑岩建造,成分和结构成熟度均偏差;矿石中铀均主要以沥青铀矿为主,其次为含铀钛矿物,少量含铀碳酸盐矿物,含铀、锆、硅混合物及吸附态铀。沥青铀矿主要呈胶状、团块状及微粒状产在矿石局部强吸附还原域的杂基、碎屑矿物溶蚀孔洞（隙）或边缘等可赋存空间位置,且与碳屑有机质、黄铁矿、高岭石和蒙脱石黏土矿物、铁白云石及含钛矿物紧密共（伴）生。目的层总体先后存在弱酸性还原流体和碱性还原热液流体双重铀富集成矿作用;并通过矿石全岩U—Pb同位素定年新获得了50.6±1.6 Ma、32.2±3.9 Ma、27±4 Ma、26.0±2.7 Ma、23.9±2.8 Ma等一批成矿年龄,指示了古近纪期间的主成矿事件。基于区内构造—沉积演化特征,初步构建了DL铀矿带青山口组四阶段的多元流体耦合叠加铀成矿过程：① 沉积—成岩预富集阶段;② 嫩江期末构造反转初始成矿阶段;③ 古近纪热液流体改造成矿阶段;④ 新近纪叠加改造阶段。该研究对盆地下一步的铀矿找矿和后期地浸开采具有重要指导意义。     

Three-dimensional inversion of full magnetic gradient tensor data based on hybrid regularization method

Rapid developments in SQUID-based technology make it possible for geophysical exploration to direct measure, inverse and interpret magnetic gradient tensor data. This contribution introduces a novel three-dimensional hybrid regularization method for inversion of magnetic gradient tensor data, which is based on the minimum support functional and total variation functional. Compared to the existing stabilizers, for example, the minimum support stabilizer, the minimum gradient support stabilizer or the total variation stabilizer, our proposed hybrid stabilizer, in association with boundary penalization, improves the revision result greatly, including higher spatial and depth resolution, more clear boundaries, more highlighted images and more evident structure depiction. Moreover, suitable selection of model parameter λ will further improve the image quality of the recovered model. We verify our proposed hybrid method with various synthetic magnetic models. Experiment results prove that this method gives more accurate results, exhibiting advantages of less computational costs even when less prior information of magnetic sources are provided. Comparison of results with different types of magnetic data with and without remanence indicates that our inversion algorithm can obtain more detailed information on the source structure based on rational estimation of total magnetization direction. Finally, we present a case study for inverting SQUID-based magnetic tensor data acquired at Da Hinggan Mountains area, inner Mongolia, China. The result also certifies that the method is reliable and efficient for real cases.     

Multi-geohazards susceptibility mapping based on machine learning—a case study in Jiuzhaigou,China

Jiuzhaigou, located in the transitional area between the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin, is highly prone to geological hazards (e.g., rock fall, landslide, and debris flow). High-performance-based hazard prediction models, therefore, are urgently required to prevent related hazards and manage potential emergencies. Current researches mainly focus on susceptibility of single hazard but ignore that different types of geological hazards might occur simultaneously under a complex environment. Here, we firstly built a multi-geohazard inventory from 2000 to 2015 based on a geographical information system and used satellite data in Google earth and then chose twelve conditioning factors and three machine learning methods—random forest, support vector machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)—to generate rock fall, landslide, and debris flow susceptibility maps. The results show that debris flow models presented the best prediction capabilities [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC 0.95)], followed by rock fall (AUC 0.94) and landslide (AUC 0.85). Additionally, XGBoost outperformed the other two methods with the highest AUC of 0.93. All three methods with AUC values larger than 0.84 suggest that these models have fairly good performance to assess geological hazards susceptibility. Finally, evolution index was constructed based on a joint probability of these three hazard models to predict the evolution tendency of 35 unstable slopes in Jiuzhaigou. The results show that these unstable slopes are likely to evolve into debris flows with a probability of 46%, followed by landslides (43%) and rock falls (29%). Higher susceptibility areas for geohazards were mainly located in the southeast and middle of Jiuzhaigou, implying geohazards prevention and mitigation measures should be taken there in near future.

     

安徽钻孔体应变数据变化特征分析

分析安徽省观测台网12套TJ-Ⅱ型体应变资料发现,其数据形态存在3类典型特征：一是数据连续漂移上升的年变化形态,日变化能记录到明显的固体潮汐;二是数据年变化形态同步于同井水位变化,体应变和水位的相关系数约为0.85;三是数据没有明显的年变化,数据形态多变。结合数据资料的内精度、钻孔环境、安装情况、干扰因素及产出资料显示的图像特征发现,3类典型特征主要和仪器、钻孔环境、安装质量关系密切。     

Damage evaluation of soybean chilling injury based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and crop modelling

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Frequent chilling injury has serious impacts on national food security and in northeastern China heavily affects grain yields. Timely and accurate measures are...     

网状地图自动化示意化设计规则研究综述

示意地图由于其简单清晰的表达, 已经被广泛应用于展示公共交通路线。然而当前示意地图制作是以计算机绘图软件辅助的半自动方式进行的, 耗时耗力且极大依赖于制图者的经验和技能, 因此自动化生成示意地图已经被很多研究人员所关注。在网状地图自动示意化研究中, 示意地图设计规则制定是开发自动化示意化方法的基础, 直接决定着示意结果图的质量。本文对现有自动化示意化方法中使用的设计规则加以了综述, 首先将现有设计规则根据其应用目的的不同分为3类, 即单线图形处理、网络图形处理、地图颜色和注记配置, 并简要介绍了实现每条规则在当前研究中所采用的方法, 之后指出了现有规则中仍需改善的几个方面并提供了可能的改进方向, 其中包括网络图形示意化和设计规则制定方式, 以期进一步推动网状地图自动化示意化研究的深入。     

湘西地区黔阳次级成锰盆地锰矿地质特征及找矿潜力分析—以大岩坳向斜南东翼为例

湘西地区黔阳次级成锰盆地位于扬子陆块东南缘,构造位置上属雪峰山板内造山带南-东端。盆地内锰矿床为具有“内源外生”特征的南华系中统大塘坡组,处于大岩坳向斜的东南翼的半局限浅海盆地中,为沉积变质型锰矿床,据笔者工作资料矿体受大塘坡组黑色含锰炭质板岩控制,亦受加里东期构造控制,矿体呈层状、似层状及串珠状.物相分析表明矿石矿物近地表主要为氧化锰矿,地表10m以下为菱锰矿。本文通过对典型矿床照洞锰矿矿区的矿床地质特征、古构造环境综合分析,推测该区具有较大的找矿潜力。     

新疆火烧云超大型非硫化物铅锌矿床:发生表生氧化的密西西比河谷型矿床

火烧云矿床是我国新发现具有超大型规模的非硫化物铅锌矿床,成因倍受关注.矿床主要由菱锌矿和白铅矿组成,形成块状及少量纹层状和角砾状矿石,构成了层状矿体.赋矿围岩为中侏罗统含沉积石膏的台地相碳酸盐岩,为密西西比河谷型矿床的典型赋矿围岩,而非喷流沉积型矿床的赋矿围岩.矿石中普遍出现被白铅矿交代的方铅矿残留,表明原生矿化为硫化物.方铅矿δ34SV-CDT值为-34‰^-18‰,显示还原硫的来源与细菌还原作用作用有关,这在MVT矿床中较为常见,而在与岩浆作用有关的铅锌矿床中少见.同时,矿床也不具有与岩浆有关的热液矿化和蚀变特征,故矿床的原生硫化物矿化应为MVT型.通过菱锌矿和白铅矿的O同位素组成,计算出形成这两种矿物的流体具有低温、低δ18O值的大气降水的特征,结合白铅矿交代方铅矿的这一现象,表明目前观察到的由菱锌矿和白铅矿构成铅锌矿体系是在表生作用下直接交代原生硫化物矿体形成.