Incorporation of a dynamic root distribution into CLM4.5: Evaluation of carbon and water fluxes over the Amazon

Roots are responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients by plants and have the plasticity to dynamically respond to different environmental conditions. However, most land surface models currently prescribe rooting profiles as a function only of vegetation type, with no consideration of the surroundings. In this study, a dynamic rooting scheme, which describes root growth as a compromise between water and nitrogen availability, was incorporated into CLM4.5 with carbon–nitrogen(CN) interactions(CLM4.5-CN) to investigate the effects of a dynamic root distribution on eco-hydrological modeling. Two paired numerical simulations were conducted for the Tapajos National Forest km83(BRSa3) site and the Amazon, one using CLM4.5-CN without the dynamic rooting scheme and the other including the proposed scheme. Simulations for the BRSa3 site showed that inclusion of the dynamic rooting scheme increased the amplitudes and peak values of diurnal gross primary production(GPP) and latent heat flux(LE) for the dry season, and improved the carbon(C) and water cycle modeling by reducing the RMSE of GPP by 0.4 g C m~(-2)d~(-1), net ecosystem exchange by 1.96 g C m~(-2)d~(-1), LE by 5.0 W m~(-2), and soil moisture by 0.03 m~3m~(-3), at the seasonal scale, compared with eddy flux measurements, while having little impact during the wet season. For the Amazon, regional analysis also revealed that vegetation responses(including GPP and LE) to seasonal drought and the severe drought of 2005 were better captured with the dynamic rooting scheme incorporated.     

便携式潮汐观测仪(PET)数据处理研究

介绍了用切比雪夫多项式和最小二乘相结合的数据拟合从重力固体潮观测的秒值提取分钟值和小时值的方法,该方法可以将错误数据自动剔除以得到可靠数据.将提取的数据应用于调和分析,效果良好.     

Tropospheric Wet Refractivity Tomography Based on the BeiDou Satellite System简

This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the precision of the wet refractivity field using BDS （BeiDou navigation satellite system） simulations only,GPS,and BDS＋GPS for the Shenzhen and Hongkong GNSS network.The simulations are carried out by adding artificial noise to a real observation dataset.Instead of using the δ and σ parameters computed from slant wet delay,as in previous studies,we employ the Bias and RMS parameters,computed from the tomography results of total voxels,in order to obtain a more direct and comprehensive evaluation of the precision of the refractivity field determination.The results show that：（1） the precision of tropospheric wet refractivity estimated using BDS alone （only 9 satellites used） is basically comparable to that of GPS; （2） BDS＋GPS （as of current operation） may not be able to significantly improve the data＇s spatial density for the application of refractivity tomography; and （3） any slight increase in the precision of refractivity tomography,particularly in the lower atmosphere,bears great significance for any applications dependent on the Chinese operational meteorological service.     

1961—2012年中国冬半年霾日数的变化特征及气候成因分析

利用全国664站1961—2012年逐日霾观测资料、降水量、平均风速和最大风速资料,分析中国霾日数变化特征及其气候成因。结果表明：我国年霾日数分布呈明显东多西少特征,中东部大部地区年霾日数在5～30 d,部分地区超过30 d,西部地区基本在5 d以下。霾日数主要集中在冬半年,冬季最多,秋季和春季次之,夏季最少,12月是霾日数最多的月份,约占全年霾日数的2成。我国中东部地区冬半年平均霾日数呈显著的增加趋势（1.7 d/10a）,霾日数显著增加时段主要在1960年代、1970年代和21世纪初,在1970年代初和21世纪初发生了明显均值突变。从区域分布来看,华南、长江中下游、华北等地霾日数呈增加趋势,而东北、西北东部、西南东部霾日数呈减少趋势。持续性霾过程增加,持续时间越长的霾过程比持续时间短的霾过程增加更为明显。不利的气候条件加剧了霾的出现。霾日数与降水日数在中东部地区基本以负相关为主,中东部冬半年降水日数呈减少趋势（-4 d/10a）,表明降水日数的减少导致大气对污染物的沉降能力减弱。另一方面,霾日数与平均风速和大风日数以负相关为主,而与静风日数则以正相关为主,冬半年平均风速和大风日数减小,静风日数增加,表明风速减小导致空气中污染物不易扩散,从而更易形成霾天气。     

用ECMWF数值预报产品预报台风路径

为提高台风预报效果,并使其客观定量,本文运用ECMWF数值预报(0 h(实况场)～168 h)产品,以涡度中心为基础,在气旋性涡旋的格区中,找准恰当的"扭角",用计算机图上作业程序确定台风位置,平均误差84 km,表明本方案有其优越之处.在预报过程中,对涡度中心的阈值和搜寻半径系数的选定,结合实际计算后的距离误差和可预报率作了些讨论.逐年运用效果统计表明,本文提出的方案有着良好的应用前景.     

云南兰坪-思茅地块西缘中新世岩浆活动的发现

<正>兰坪-思茅地块位于云南省中西部(图1-a),以大规模出露中生代和少量新生代红色沉积地层而闻名;其东侧边部还产有多套不同时代、不同属性的岩石组分,而西侧边部仅出露一套晚古生代无量山岩群(图1;云南省地质矿产局,1990;廖宗廷等,2005;云南省地质调查局,2013;李以科等,2017)。兰坪-思茅地块西侧的岩浆作用较强烈,活动期次有古近纪始新世、晚白垩世和三叠纪,其中晚白垩世和三叠纪岩浆作用仅产于地块西缘的无量山岩群中(云南省地质调查院,2011; 2015; 2019;云南省地质调查局,2013)。     

岩心中的天然缝与诱导缝的识别与分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组岩心裂缝为例

由于取心成本昂贵, 从岩心中获得天然缝、诱导缝和其他构造特征的准确信息显得尤为重要。岩心裂缝识别中的一项重要任务是判识天然缝和诱导缝。文中综合论述了天然缝和诱导缝的物理特征, 重点分析了天然缝形态及发育过程和诱导缝的多种成因模式, 并以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组岩心中裂缝为例进行分析。文中引用了国外对裂缝研究常用的专业术语, 指出裂缝面形态结构是追踪模式Ⅰ裂缝(节理)从扩展初始点到终止处的运动学的关键, 这在岩心裂缝和露头裂缝分析中是非常有用的。     

柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气成藏条件

通过地质钻井、野外现场解吸、样品实验分析等,对柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气成藏条件进行了研究。结果表明,鱼卡地区中侏罗统泥页岩主要发育于大煤沟组第五段和石门沟组,是一套以辫状河三角洲间湾、辫状河三角洲平原和湖泊相为主的优质烃源岩,累计厚度38~300m,TOC为0.12%~13.23%,Ro为0.29%~0.89%。石英含量为18.0%~63.3%,粘土矿物含量为10.1%~55.6%,孔隙度为1.53%~14.92%,渗透率为0.007×10-3~6.24×10-3μm2。微孔隙发育,主要有粒间孔、溶蚀孔、粒内孔,孔隙直径多为0.3~3μm。泥页岩含气量为0.42~0.83m3/t,解吸气CH4含量8.6%~64.9%,δ13C1为-80.59‰~-63.32‰。与国内外含气泥页岩对比发现,研究区中侏罗统泥页岩具有厚度大、TOC高、石英含量居中的特点,但分布面积小、成熟度低、含气量小,且自中、新生代以来经历了多期次构造运动,对页岩气的保存影响较大。预测鱼卡地区中侏罗统页岩气勘探前景,还需重点加强构造作用对页岩气保存的影响及页岩气成因类型、资源量评估等方面的研究。     

Evolution of the Extensional Rifted Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi Oceanic Basin During the Late Hercynian to Middle Indosinian Stage

On the basis of exhaustive researches on the facies sequences and depositlonal evolutionary process of various depositional systems, the genetic stratigraphic framework of the extensional rifted oceanic basin, which has undergone strong structural destruction, has been reconstructed by means of dynamic genetic stratigraphic analysis. Five depositional episodes have been distinguished from various isochronous stratigraphic boundaries and stratigraphic sequences with the three-dimensional structure of each depositional episode analysed in detail. The tectonic paleogeographic environment corresponding to different stages of each depositional episode has been reconstructed for individual depositional system tracts. And the evolution history of this rifted basin has been divided into four stages' initial rifting and oceanization of continental crust, stretching and spreading of the basin, subduction and basin differentiation, and convergence and collision. A NNE-trending intracontinental soft collision sutur     

福建漳浦东山地热田基本特征及成因分析

漳浦东山地热田属于中低温地热田Π-2类型,热储呈带状分布,受地形、地层岩性、地质构造等因素影响。地下热水贮存于北东向与北西向断裂的复合部位,控制的可开采量338m3/d,推断的可开采量485m3/d,水温78℃,水质类型为HCO3-·SO42-1—Na＋型,pH值7.40～7.56,偏硅酸含量112.52～117.3mg/L,F离子含量10.99～12.85mg/L,可命名为氟水、硅水,达到理疗热矿水水质标准。