A study on the early-warning technique concerning debris flow disasters

According to the principle of the eruption of debris flows, the new torrent classification techniques are brought forward. The torrent there can be divided into 4 types such as the debris flow torrent with high destructive strength, the debris flow torrent, high sand-carrying capacity flush flood torrent and common flush flood by the techniques. In this paper, the classification indices system and the quantitative rating methods are presented. Based on torrent classification, debris flow torrent hazard zone mapping techniques by which the debris flow disaster early-warning object can be ascertained accurately are identified. The key techniques of building the debris flow disaster neural network (NN)real time forecasting model are given detailed explanations in this paper, including the determination of neural node at the input layer, the output layer and the implicit layer, the construction of knowledge source and the initial weight value and so on. With this technique, the debris flow disaster real-time forecasting neural network model is built according to the rainfall features of the historical debris flow disasters, which includes multiple rain factors such as rainfall of the disaster day, the rainfall of 15 days before the disaster day, the maximal rate of rainfall in one hour and ten minutes. It can forecast the probability, critical rainfall of eruption of the debris flows, through the real-time rainfall monitoring or weather forecasting. Based on the torrent classification and hazard zone mapping, combined with rainfall monitoring in the rainy season and real-time forecasting models, the debris flow disaster early-warning system is built. In this system, the GIS technique, the advanced international software and hardware are applied, which makes the system′s performance steady with good expansibility. The system is a visual information system that serves management and decision-making, which can facilitate timely inspect of the variation of the torrent type and hazardous zone, the torrent management, the early-warning of disasters and the disaster reduction and prevention.     

Influence of fines content on the anti-frost properties of coarse-grained soil

This paper aims to determine the optimal fines content of coarse-grained soil required to simultaneously achieve weaker frost susceptibility and better bearing capacity. We studied the frost susceptibility and strength properties of coarse-grained soil by means of frost heaving tests and static triaxial tests, and the results are as follows:(1) the freezing temperature of coarse-grained soil decreased gradually and then leveled off with incremental increases in the percent content of fines; (2) the fines content proved to be an important factor influencing the frost heave susceptibility and strength properties of coarse-grained soil. With incremental increases in the percent content of fines, the frost heave ratio increased gradually and the cohesion function of fines effectively enhanced the shear strength of coarse-grained soil before freeze-thaw, but the frost susceptibility of fines weakened the shear strength of coarse-grained soil after freeze-thaw; (3) with increasing numbers of freeze-thaw cycles,the shear strength of coarse-grained soil decreased and then stabilized after the ninth freeze-thaw cycle, and therefore the mechanical indexes of the ninth freeze-thaw cycle are recommended for the engineering design values; and (4) considering frost susceptibility and strength properties as a whole, the optimal fines content of 5% is recommended for railway subgrade coarse-grained soil fillings in frozen regions.     

Low-mass and high-mass supermassive black holes in radio-loud AGNs are spun-up in different evolution paths

How supermassive black holes(SMBHs) are spun-up is a key issue in modern astrophysics. As an extension to the study in Wang et al., here we address the issue by comparing the host galaxy properties of nearby(z 0.05) radio-selected Seyfert 2 galaxies. With the two-dimensional bulge+disk decompositions for the SDSS r-band images, we identify a dichotomy in various host galaxy properties for radio-loud SMBHs. By assuming that radio emission from the jet reflects a high SMBH spin, which stems from the well-known Blandford-Znajek mechanism of jet production, high-mass SMBHs(i.e., MBH 107.9 M⊙)have a preference for being spun-up in classical bulges, and low-mass SMBHs(i.e., MBH = 106-107 M⊙)in pseudo-bulges. This dichotomy suggests and confirms that high-mass and low-mass SMBHs are spun-up in different ways, i.e., a major "dry" merger and a secular evolution respectively.     

Microbial community dynamics and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted marine sediments in Hong Kong

Dynamics of microbial community and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in polluted marine sediments, artificially spiked with a mixture of PAHs (fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene), were examined for a period of 60 days. Microbial communities were characterised by bacterial counts, ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME) analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). A noted reduction in species diversity occurred only in the high PAH level treatment at onset. Both EL-FAME and DGGE demonstrated a marked shift in microbial community, in all the PAH level treatments, afterwards, with increases in the number of fatty acid degraders, the relative abundance of fatty acid biomarkers for gram-negative bacteria and a decrease in species diversity. The shift was also accompanied by the significant decrease in PAH concentrations. By the end of the experiment, diversity indices, based on both approaches, recovered when PAH concentrations declined to their background levels, except in the high PAH level treatment.     

台湾省辐射气候特征

本文根据一些实测资料,选配了适合本地区的经验公式,计算台湾省辐射平衡各分量并讨论其时空分布特征,作出辐射气候分区。     

天津地区典型土壤剖面饱和烃分布特征及环境意义

分析了天津地区不同环境功能区7 条土壤剖面中饱和烃含量、组成及部分地球化学参数 的变化规律, 比较了不同土壤剖面饱和烃在纵向上的变化特征。结果表明, 市区( 南开区) 及近郊 区( 武清区, 北辰区和宁河县交界处) 表层土饱和烃含量最高, 其他剖面含量较低; 随深度增大, 饱 和烃含量均有所降低, 但不同剖面变化幅度不同, 表层含量较高的剖面随深度增大, 饱和烃含量 降低幅度较大, 反之则较小。根据部分典型地球化学参数的纵向变化特征, 推测表层土壤饱和烃 主要为石油源和植物源的混合源, 且市区和郊区主要受石油源控制。不同土壤剖面表层土污染源 存在差别。同一剖面表层土壤( <30cm) 不同层次的样品的饱和烃污染源较为接近; 剖面深部( > 30cm) 不同层次样品中正构烷烃不同于表层, 且成因复杂, 既受来源于土壤中有机质降解产物的 影响, 又受表层土中饱和烃纵向迁移作用的影响。对于甾、萜类化合物, 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较 高的剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物迁移作用的影响; 表层土壤中饱和烃含量较低的 剖面, 深层土壤受表层土壤甾、萜类污染物影响较小。     

二色裂江珧EST和SOD同工酶组织特异性研究

取二色裂江珧 (Pinna bicolor)的消化盲囊、肾脏、后闭壳肌肌肉、外套膜和鳃等 5种组织 ,用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对酯酶 (EST)和过氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)同工酶在上述组织中的表达和分布进行了比较研究 ,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明 ,二色裂江珧组织内的 EST和 SOD存在不同程度的组织特异性 ,EST共检测出 15条酶带 ,SOD检测出 8条酶带 ,且两种同工酶在消化盲囊中活性最高。推测 SOD由 2个座位编码 ,可分为 s- SOD二聚体和 m- SOD四聚体     

测绘生产计划统计管理应用系统的建立

基于windows软件平台及foxpro工具软件开发的“测绘生产计划统计管理应用系统 (PPCMAS)”是一种较为科学的测绘生产管理模式 ,具有较先进的技术性和通用性 ,并以多媒体方式实现信息查询和综合统计图形显示、文字说明及统计报表 ,解决了规划和管理等问题 ,提供了数据录入、资源查询、统计生成、专家系统壳、显示输出、信息通讯等多方面的功能     

THE HOLOCENE SEDIMENTAL CHARACTERISTIC AND PALEOCLIMATIC EVOLUTION OF EBINUR LAKE，XINJIANG

ＴＨＥＨＯＬＯＣＥＮＥＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＡＮＤＰＡＬＥＯＣＬＩＭＡＴＩＣＥＶＯＬＵＴＩＯＮＯＦＥＢＩＮＵＲＬＡＫＥ，ＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧ吴敬禄，王苏民，吴艳宏ＴＨＥＨＯＬＯＣＥＮＥＳＥＤＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴ...