酸性环境干湿循环对泥质砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究

由于库水位升降及降雨等原因,岩体经常处于干湿交替状态,对岩体工程的长期稳定性不利。以三峡库区泥质砂岩为研究对象,进行了酸性环境干湿循环交替作用后的常规单轴与三轴压缩试验研究,获得了泥质砂岩在酸性溶液浸泡干湿循环后的相关力学参数。相对于没有经过干湿循环作用的干燥试件,经过不同次数的干湿循环作用后,泥质砂岩的弹性模量、单轴抗压强度、黏聚力与内摩擦角都有不同程度的降低。各个力学指标的总体变化趋势是在第一次饱水之后有大幅度的降低,此后随着干湿循环次数的增加其降低的幅度逐渐减小。同时,酸性溶液的pH值对力学指标的影响很大,存在对泥质砂岩力学性能影响较大的一个临界pH值,低于此值酸性溶液对泥质砂岩力学性能影响显著增大,高于此值酸性溶液对其力学性能影响较小。     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.     

Relationships between Interannual and Intraseasonal Variations of the Asian-Western Pacific Summer Monsoon Hindcasted by BCC_CSM1.1（m）

Using hindcasts of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model, the relationships between interannual variability （IAV） and intraseasonal variability （ISV） of the Asian-western Pacific summer monsoon are diagnosed. Predictions show reasonable skill with respect to some basic characteristics of the ISV and IAV of the western North Pacific summer monsoon （WNPSM） and the Indian summer monsoon （ISM）. However, the links between the seasonally averaged ISV （SAISV） and seasonal mean of ISM are overestimated by the model. This deficiency may be partially attributable to the overestimated frequency of long breaks and underestimated frequency of long active spells of ISV in normal ISM years, although the model is capable of capturing the impact of ISV on the seasonal mean by its shift in the probability of phases. Furthermore, the interannual relationships of seasonal mean, SAISV, and seasonally averaged long-wave variability （SALWV; i.e., the part with periods longer than the intraseasonal scale） of the WNPSM and ISM with SST and low-level circulation are examined. The observed seasonal mean, SAISV, and SALWV show similar correlation patterns with SST and atmospheric circulation, but with different details. However, the model presents these correlation distributions with unrealistically small differences among different scales, and it somewhat overestimates the teleconnection between monsoon and tropical central-eastern Pacific SST for the ISM, but underestimates it for the WNPSM, the latter of which is partially related to the too-rapid decrease in the impact of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation with forecast time in the model.     

滇西南团梁子岩组绿片岩、基性脉岩及构造分异石英脉岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

滇西南团梁子岩组是南澜沧江构造带内重要的构造岩石单元之一,与兰坪-思茅盆地演化有密切联系。由于层序恢复困难和缺乏标志生物化石,该套岩石地层的时代归属缺乏有效约束。江桥团梁子岩组中基性脉岩和构造分异石英脉岩较为发育,在岩石学观察基础上,以绿片岩、辉长(绿)岩及与区域面理(S2)同期的构造分异石英脉岩为研究对象,借助激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术,对其中分选出的锆石开展了精确的U-Pb年龄测定。2件绿片岩样品31个锆石测点中存在4组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为1816~1542 Ma(加权平均为1630±210 Ma,N=6)、850~832 Ma(加权平均为844±95 Ma,N=2)、517~422 Ma(加权平均为438±26 Ma,N=4)和292~188Ma(加权平均为219.7±8.5 Ma,N=19)。2件辉长(绿)岩样品31个锆石测点中也存在4组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为2256~1357 Ma(加权平均为1646±160 Ma,N=16)、861~750 Ma(加权平均为773±92 Ma,N=2)、484~388 Ma(加权平均为433±38 Ma,N=6)和320~233 Ma(加权平均为253±16 Ma,N=7)。1件构造分异石英脉岩样品20个锆石测点中有3组206Pb/238U年龄,分别为1244±19 Ma(N=1)、430±5 Ma(N=1)和312~212 Ma(加权平均为229.6±6.7 Ma,N=18)。不同类型岩石中的各组锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄极为接近,代表了不同的地质意义,其中1646~1630 Ma可能代表了团梁子岩组原岩的形成年龄,而253~219 Ma可能代表了团梁子岩组在此时期受到构造热事件影响,该事件可能与古特提斯洋盆由西向东的俯冲消减作用有关。本次获得的绿片岩、基性脉岩及构造分异石英脉岩锆石U-Pb年龄将团梁子岩组时代约束为老于1630 Ma,即中元古代,可能属澜沧岩群的一部分。     

内蒙武川后石花金矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄及其地质意义

后石花金矿是华北克拉通北缘一小型石英脉型金矿床。对矿体5件辉钼矿样品的ReOs同位素分析,获得了介于280.3±3.8~283.0±3.9Ma,加权平均为282.0±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.28)的同位素模式年龄,以及一个相关性很好的等时线年龄281.9±1.8Ma(MSWD=0.57),表明矿床形成于早二叠世,推测是海西晚期古亚洲洋俯冲体制下陆缘弧背景中构造-热液成矿事件产物。综合区域资料认为,华北北缘中段在海西晚期曾发生过重要成矿作用,但多在后期被剥蚀破坏。华北北缘中段大陆弧范围内,叠加在前寒武纪结晶基底韧性剪切带之上的脆性断裂构造带,以及华北北缘早古生代增生带内部,是形成海西晚期金、钼矿床的有利部位。     

Effect of melt composition on basalt and peridotite interaction: laboratory dissolution experiments with applications to mineral compositional variations in mantle xenoliths from the North China Craton

Interaction between basaltic melts and peridotites has played an important role in modifying the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle during magma genesis in a number of tectonic settings. Compositions of basaltic melts vary considerably and may play an important role in controlling the kinetics of melt–peridotite interaction. To better understand the effect of melt composition on melt–peridotite interaction, we conducted spinel lherzolite dissolution experiments at 2 GPa and 1,425 °C using the dissolution couple method. The reacting melts include a basaltic andesite, a ferro-basalt, and an alkali basalt. Dissolution of lherzolite in the basaltic andesite and the ferro-basalt produced harzburgite–lherzolite sequences with a thin orthopyroxenite layer at the melt–harzburgite interface, whereas dissolution of lherzolite in the alkali basalt produced a dunite–harzburgite–lherzolite sequence. Systematic variations in mineral compositions across the lithological units are observed. These mineral compositional variations are attributed to grain-scale processes that involve dissolution, precipitation, and reprecipitation and depend strongly on reacting melt composition. Comparison of mineral compositional variations across the dissolution couples with those observed in mantle xenoliths from the North China Craton (NCC) helps to assess the spatial and temporal variations in the extent of siliceous melt and peridotite interaction in modifying the lithospheric mantle beneath the NCC. We found that such melt–rock interaction mainly took place in Early Cretaceous, and is responsible for the enrichment of pyroxene in the lithospheric mantle. Spatially, siliceous melt–peridotite interaction took place in the ancient orogens with thickened lower crust.     

祁连山近期七一冰川融水径流特征分析

利用2006年8月1日-9月30日的实测水文数据,对"七一"冰川融水径流产汇流特征进行了分析,并揭示出该冰川日消融特征.通过对冰川融水量的估算以及径流模数的计算,并与过去的观测结果进行对比,表明近些年来"七一"冰川消融强度和消融量都在增大,而且2006年消融量为近几年观测的最大值.虽然不同年份消融量不一样,但"七一"冰川总的趋势是一直处于萎缩状态,随着全球变暖,"七一"冰川的萎缩可能将继续下去.通过对设立在沿冰川下游方向两个不同的水文断面进行对比分析,结果表明"七一"冰川融水径流在向下游运动过程中有部分水入渗为河谷潜流,观测期内两个相距不到2 km的水文断面间渗漏损耗占近1/3左右.     

华南地区干旱气候预测研究

选用华南地区15个站近50年的年(季、月)降水资料,对华南地区干旱年景进行分析,并做气候预测。采用极差法计算各站点年雨量的临界值,评定严重干旱年和一般干旱年。分析发现,华南地区年雨量变化有明显的阶段性,1961~2003年间,平均4.3年有一个干旱年,14.3年有一个严重干旱年。介绍了几种实际预报中用到的旱涝预测方法:指数曲线方程预报方法、时间序列多周期特征值叠加预报法、综合气候预测方法、最优遥相关分析预报方法。对华南地区未来10年总的旱涝趋势的预测结论是:2005年雨量偏多,2006~2008年偏旱为主,2009~2012年是多雨期。     

电子自旋共振法年龄测定研究

电子自旋共振(ESR)法适用于第四纪样品的年龄测定.本文报道近2年来作者等对鹿角、丽蚌、石筍、黄土、珊瑚和贝壳样品的年龄测定,其结果与地层、TL和¹⁴C年龄相符.预示ESR法将会成为第四纪年代学研究的有力工具.     

温度对泡沫性能影响的实验研究

泡沫作为一种特殊的钻井流体,其在环空中的泡沫质量、密度、稳定性以及流动状态等都将受到井内温度变化的影响。针对这一问题,通过实验,研究了温度对发泡液起泡能力及泡沫稳定性的影响。实验发现：基液的发泡能力受基液配方和发泡温度影响很大,在一定范围内温度升高可以提高泡沫的稳定性,但温度过高又会对泡沫的稳定性起反作用。