太白山土壤特性及氧化铁发生学特征

随海拔的降低,秦岭北坡中山区森林土壤因温度、降水和植被类型的变化存在很大差异:高海拔地区发育的酸性湿润雏形土酸度较高,有机质含量十分丰富;与之相比,低海拔地区发育的简育湿润淋溶土有机质含量下降,但结构复杂,土壤具有粘化层。较高的有机质含量和特殊的有机质组成促进了纯针叶林土壤中硅酸盐矿物的溶解,释放出氧化铁并使之螯迁至土壤B层富集。环境因素决定了土壤酸度、有机质等特性,也影响土壤氧化铁的组成和分布。土壤粘粒含量与土体游离氧化铁含量显著相关,剖面铁的游离度与氧化铁全量无关,只与土壤发育程度有关。太白山北坡中山区土壤处于脱盐基富硅铝化的风化发育阶段     

基于PPGIS的乡村旅游社区景观价值变化研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

景观价值是人对环境的主观感知和效用评价,景观价值变化的研究能够帮助理解旅游社区的社会现象.以丽江束河古镇为例,采用参与式制图与半结构化访谈方法调查当地居民对旅游开发前后的感知景观价值,最终获取的有效问卷与填图为293份,提取空间数据点658个.通过对访谈结果进行编码和归纳得到旅游开发前后各7种景观价值类型.采用质性分析...     

城镇增长下的收缩：以武汉为例

首先从人口、经济、用地3个维度综合考察武汉市增长与收缩的全貌,并采用县区及街道2个尺度的数据定量描述了武汉市增长与收缩的特征与空间格局,发现武汉市下辖青山区、硚口区、汉阳区和蔡甸区存在局部较严重的收缩现象,空间上形成集聚,形态上呈“穿孔式”。进一步以青山区为案例,着重从资本视角探讨发生局部收缩的内在机制,发现其存在老龄化、少子化趋势,但局部收缩的主因是资本从产业部门的“逃逸”。     

Biogeochemical records of paleoenvironmental changes in Nainital Lake,Kumaun Himalayas,India

Rapid urbanization and increased tourism around Nainital Lake in the Kumaun Himalayan region in north India has raised concerns about sediment and water pollution. Lead-210 dated sediment cores from the lake represent ~95 years of accumulation and yield a mean sedimentation rate of ~4.7 mm year⁻¹. Total organic carbon (TOC), percent N and S and their atomic C/N and C/S ratios, stable isotopes (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S), and specific biomarkers (n-alkanes and pigments) were measured in the core. Organic matter is primarily derived from in-lake algal production and TOC flux varies from 1.0 to 3.5 g m⁻² year⁻¹. Sediments are anoxic (Eh −328 to −187 mV) and have low (0.10–0.30 g m⁻² year⁻¹) N, but high (0.37–1.0 g m⁻² year⁻¹) S flux. Shifts in δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, and δ³⁴S suggest in-lake microbial processes dominated by denitrification and sulfate reduction. The sediments are dominated by short-chain hydrocarbons with low Carbon Preference Index values. The pigments indicate a gradual shift to cyanobacterial domination of the phytoplankton community in recent years. Despite an increase in external input of nutrients, the trophic state of the lake has remained largely unchanged, and the perceived human-induced impacts are limited.     

Stress Responses to Rapid Temperature Changes of the Juvenile Sea Cucumber （Apostichopusjaponicus Selenka）

Activities of hexokinase （HK）, pyruvate kinase （PK）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） and Hsp70 level were measured to evaluate the response of the commercially important sea cucumber （Apostichopus japonicus Selenka） to rapid temperature changes in laboratory. Animals were subjected to a higher temperature （from 10 to 20℃） （Tinc treatment） or to a lower temperature （from 20 to 10℃） （Tddec treatment） for 72 h. At 1, 3, 12, 24, 72 h of exposure, animals were removed and prepared for further analysis. Results showed that the effect of acute temperature changes on enzyme activities was significant. In Tinc treatment, activities of SOD and CAT increased immediately. The significant enhancement of SOD and CAT activities suggested that oxidative stress increases significantly when ambient temperature increasing from 10 to 20℃. The up-regulation of Flsp70 in Tinc and Tdec treatments indicated that Hsp70 was a bioindicator of thermal stress in the sea cucumber, and the expression pattern depended on the thermal treatment.     

海蜇dmrta2基因的克隆及其在横裂生殖中的表达分析

Dmrt基因家族在后生动物性别决定与分化以及组织和器官的形成等发育过程中发挥着重要作用。为探究dmrt家族基因在海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)横裂生殖中的功能,本研究以海蜇转录组测序获得的dmrta2基因片段为基础,通过RACE技术获得了海蜇dmrta2基因的cDNA全长,并分析了其在横裂生殖不同时期的表达模式。结果显示海蜇dmrta2基因cDNA全长为1 804 bp,开放阅读框为1 011 bp,所编码蛋白质含336个氨基酸,分子质量为37.25 kDa,理论等电点为9.11。预测海蜇dmrta2编码蛋白为亲水性蛋白质,无跨膜区域,不含信号肽。在33至79位氨基酸之间具有dmrt基因家族保守的DM结构域,与珊瑚、果蝇等物种的同源基因相应区域高度一致。系统进化分析显示,海蜇DMRTA2与鹿角珊瑚DMRTA2和DMRT3以及海葵DMRTA2的亲缘关系最近。原位杂交显示dmrta2基因在海蜇横裂生殖后期主要表达于感觉缘叶原基位置,在初生碟状体中表达于感觉棍位置。研究结果表明,dmrta2基因参与海蜇横裂生殖过程,可能主要与感觉棍神经系统的分化发育相关,研究为进一步解析海蜇等钵水母横裂生殖的分子调控机制提供了基础数据。     

A multidimensional magnetohydrodynamics code based on semidiscrete central WENO and PPM schemes

We present a multidimensional magnetohydrodynamics code based on semidiscrete central Godunov-type schemes and high order weighted essentially non-oscillatory data reconstruction and incorporate elements of the piecewise parabolic method into the reconstruction schemes. This algorithm avoids spectral decomposition into characteristic waves and is easily implemented. We have implemented this algorithm and carried out one and two dimensional tests, which verifies that this code can achieve the accuracy and efficiency to solve the astrophysical problems.     

Static Analysis of Collision Strength of Offshore Platform

In this paper a numerical analysis method combining FEM incemental technique with limit analysis concept is proposed for the study of the static strength of offshore platform in collision. Large deformation and plasticity are accounted for and the limit yield surface expressed by generalized stress for a tubular section is derived. The modified stiffness matrix of space beam element is formulated by Plastic Node Method. The buckling behavior of beam columns can also be taken into account. It can trace the generation of plastic hinges during loading and finally the ultimate strength of offshore platform against collision is obtained.     

Regional disparity in the changes of agricultura land use intensity in China during 1980-2002

Based on the cost-benefit data （1980-2002） of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980-2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that： （1） The degree of intensity of land use in the westena region during 1980-2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. （2） The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. （3） The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process： down （1980-1985）-up （1985-1991）-down （1991-1994）-up （1994-1999）-down （1999-2002）. However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. （4） The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992-1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998-2002 in the central region.     

利用ITS 基因研究徐闻滨珊瑚的系统发生关系

分别研究了徐闻3种滨珊瑚的ITS1和ITS2基因的碱基组成和G+C含量,并和已上传至Genbank上的其他9种滨珊瑚的ITS序列进行比较,研究了徐闻3种滨珊瑚的系统发生关系.序列分析结果显示,3种滨珊瑚的ITS1的长度为205 bp～209 bp,G+C含量为37.6％～45.5％,ITS2的长度为192 bp～226 bp,G+C含量为45.1％～50.7％,利用MEGA4.1软件计算滨珊瑚属基于ITS1和ITS2基因的平均遗传距离分别为0.097和0.200.基于ITS1和ITS2的NJ系统进化树都显示出,灰黑滨珊瑚位于进化树的基部,是原始的类群,普格滨珊瑚是进化类群,澄黄滨珊瑚是过渡类群.