Extension of high-order harmonics and generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in the chirped laser field

This paper theoretically investigates the high-order harmonic generation cutoff extension using intense few-cycle linearly chirped laser pulses. It shows that the cutoff of the harmonic can be extended remarkably by optimising the chirping parameters. The time-frequency characteristics of high-order harmonics with different chirping parameters are analysed by means of wavelet transform of the dipole acceleration. It also gives out the classical three-step model pictures of electron. By superposing a properly selected range of the harmonic spectrum, it obtains an isolated 65as pulse.     

Structural, curvature and electronic properties of Rh adsorption on armchair single-walled carbon nanotube

This paper systematically studies the rolling effects of the (n, n) single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) with different curvatures on Rh adsorption behaviours by using density functional theory. The outside charge densities of SWCNTs are found to be higher than those inside, and the differences decrease with the increase of the tube radius. This electronic property led to the discovery that the outside adsorption energies are higher than the inside ones, and that the differences are reduced with the increase of the tube radius. Partial density of states and charge density difference indicate that these strong interactions induce electron transfer between Rh atoms and SWCNTs.     

Investigation on performance of all optical buffer with large dynamical delay time based on cascaded double loop optical buffers

Optical buffers are critical for optical signal processing in future optical packet-switched networks. In this paper, a theoretical study as well as an experimental demonstration on a new optical buffer with large dynamical delay time is carried out based on cascaded double loop optical buffers (DLOBs). It is found that pulse distortion can be restrained by a negative optical control mode when the optical packet is in the loop. Noise analysis indicates that it is feasible to realise a large variable delay range by cascaded DLOBs. These conclusions are validated by the experiment system with 4-stage cascaded DLOBs. Both the theoretical simulations and the experimental results indicate that a large delay range of 1--9999 times the basic delay unit and a fine granularity of 25 ns can be achieved by the cascaded DLOBs. The performance of the cascaded DLOBs is suitable for the all optical networks.     

Temporal electronic structure of non-resonant Raman excited virtual state of P-nitroaniline by 514 nm excitation via bond polarisabilities

We have studied the temporal bond polarisabilities of para-nitroaniline from the Raman intensities by the algorithm proposed by Wu et al. in 1987 (Tian B, Wu G, Liu G 1987 J. Chem. Phys. 87 7300). The bond polarisabilities provide much information concerning the electronic structure of the non-resonant Raman excited virtual state. At the initial moment by the 514.5 nm excitation, the tendency of the excited electrons (mapped out by the bond polarisabilities) is to spread to the molecular periphery, and the electronic structure of the Raman virtual state is close to the pseudo-quinonoidic state. When the final stage of relaxation is approached, the bond polarisabilities of those peripheral bonds relax faster than those closer to the molecular core, the phenyl ring. The molecule is in the benzenoidic form as demonstrated by the bond polarisabilities after relaxation.     

Diurnal variation of nitric oxide emission flux from a mangrove wetland in Zhangjiang River Estuary,China

The diurnal variation of nitric oxide (NO) emission fluxes from a Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina mangrove wetland were studied in the Zhangjiang River Estuary Mangrove National Nature Reserve using a dynamic chamber-based technique and a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results from field experiments show that NO emission from K. obovata and A. marina sampling sites reached maximal values of 1.07 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1.23 ng N m⁻² s⁻¹, respectively after the night tide. Meanwhile NO emission maintained at a steady lower level in daytime for both wetland sites. In laboratory experiments, NO emission from the mangrove wetland soil samples treated with simulated tides in the darkness exhibited higher values than those in the light, therefore it seems that tides and darkness could increase NO emission from mangrove wetlands, while intensive light, high temperature, and dryness in the daytime decreased NO emission. Compared with K. obovata soil samples, the diurnal average NO emission rate of the A. marina site was significantly higher, which was closely related to relatively higher diurnal average CO₂ emission rate, soil available nitrogen content and soil net nitrification rate of the A. marina site. Moreover, soil samples of the A. marina site were more responsive to simulated tides and the addition of nitrogen than those of the K. obovata site.     

基于遥感光谱反射率反演黄河口海域Ⅱ类水体悬浮泥沙浓度模型

依据黄河口海域含沙水体野外实测光谱反射率为参考实验数据,结合水体表面光谱观测数据建立了经验回归模型,从而定量估测黄河口海域水体表层悬浮泥沙质量浓度,最终得出黄河口海域不同年份水体的悬浮泥沙质量浓度图,这对分析河口海岸带冲淤变化过程具有重要的意义。     

海水鱼类人工选育的方法和研究概况

<正>近30多年以来,海水鱼类养殖业迅速发展,养殖面积和规模越来越大,养殖的种类、数量越来越多。2008年,中国海水养殖产量1 340.32万t,占海水产品产量的51.59%,其中,鱼类产量达74.75万t,并保持着增长的态势[1]。但是,作为世界第一水产养殖大国,在每年输出数百万吨水产品的同时,更应     

北黄海水体的226Ra和228Ra

用锰纤维富集-射气法测定了北黄海海水中的镭同位素226Ra和228Ra,研究了该海域水体中镭同位素的含量和分布.研究结果表明北黄海水体夏季226Ra的比活度为1.80～4.35 Bq/m3,平均值为3.06 Bq/m3;冬季226Ra的比活度为2.08～5.20 Bq/m3,平均值为3.28 Bq/m3.北黄海夏季228Ra的比活度为3.85～25.60 Bq/m3,平均值为10.60 Bq/m3;冬季228Ra的比活度为3.14～15.60Bq/m3,平均值为7.66 Bq/m3.该数据范围和中国近海其他海域、孟加拉湾、泰国昭披耶河口、濑户内海等海域相近.北黄海东北部海域,渤海海峡靠近山东半岛的海区和中北部海区表层镭同位素活度较高.C1断面镭同位素的分布特征从镭同位素的方面证实了渤海海峡水交换表现为北进南出特征这一结论的正确性.226Ra和228Ra的垂直分布较为复杂,大部分站位呈现出底层活度变高的趋势,其他少数站位呈现出中间层活度高的分布特征,不同来源的镭同位素输入至该海域形成了这样的分布特征.     

东海沿岸海域牡蛎体内的重金属含量及其污染评价

利用火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、冷原子吸收光度法对2007年6月份在东海沿岸海域采集的牡蛎(Ostreasp.)样品中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Cr、Hg、Ni共8种重金属进行了分析。结果表明:牡蛎体内重金属含量之间存在明显差异,Cu和Zn的含量显著高于其它重金属的含量,且两者之间存在有显著的正相关关系。与海洋贝类的生物质量标准相比,牡蛎体内的重金属含量基本上都还没有超过各自的第二和第三类评价标准,这说明当前东海沿岸海域牡蛎的生物质量总体上尚较好。各类重金属在东海沿岸海域的空间分布基本上以长江口含量为最高,其余海域含量较低,各海域重金属污染程度可分为三类,第一类环境质量较好,第二类环境质量一般,第三类海域环境污染程度较严重,人类活动是污染的主要来源。     

浙江沿岸海域经济贝类中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留分布与污染评价

对2006年6月和2007年6月采集于浙江沿岸海域12个站位的5种经济贝类样品,采用气相色谱(GC)方法,进行了有机氯农药(HCHs和DDTs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)残留量的检测,分析了不同种类贝类中HCHs、DDTs和PCBs异构体组分特征,探讨了浙江沿岸海域HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留分布状况、年际变化趋势和DDTs的来源,并与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海海域进行了污染物残留量的比较。结果表明:(1)调查区各海域贝类中的HCHs、DDTs和PCBs残留量(湿质量)分别为:(ND~7.86)×10-9,(0.72~281.73)×10-9,(ND~97.95)×10-9;残留量(湿质量)平均值分别为:1.50×10-9,33.65×10-9,19.56×10-9。调查区各海域所有贝类中的HCHs残留量,均符合国家一类生物质量标准,DDTs残留量仅在四角蛤蜊中符合国家一类生物质量标准,在其余4种贝类中仅符合国家二类生物质量标准。DDTs残留量平均值明显高于HCHs和PCBs,因此可以将DDTs视为调查区各海域典型的有机氯污染物。(2)在HCHs和DDTs组分中,分别以-αHCH和P,P-′DDT占优势;在PCBs中,以含4~7个氯原子的PCB占主要优势,调查区部分海域有新的HCHs和DDTs污染源。(3)自2006年6月至2007年6月,HCHs和PCBs残留量总体呈下降趋势,而DDTs残留量则呈上升趋势,不同海域的有机氯残留量有较明显差异。DDTs的污染源与农业生产中三氯杀螨醇的使用有关。(4)与厦门岛东部等5个主要沿海地区相比,浙江沿岸海域经济贝类有机氯污染物中,HCHs残留量仍处于较低水平,DDTs残留量处于中等水平,PCBs残留量则处于较高水平。