全站仪断面测量方法

从野外断面测量的角度出发,主要讨论全站仪在断面测量中的野外观测方法、数据处理思路以及相应的软件研制.     

高光谱遥感数据三次光滑样条滤噪

分析了高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波的作用和现状，实现了一种基于三次光滑样条函数的高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波算法，解决了目前高光谱遥感数据噪声滤波算法自适应效果不理想的问题。通过对AVIRIS数据试验，证明此方法简单易行，计算精度高，具有良好的局部自适应拟合能力，并能有效地滤除数据中的噪声，改善数据质量。     

鹤岗盆地石头河子组高分辨率层序地层与聚煤规律

运用高分辨率层序地层原理,通过岩心和测井资料的综合分析,对鹤岗盆地石头河子组进行了基准面旋回研究,识别出1个长期基准面旋回、5个中期基准面旋回和3种类型的短期基准面旋回。通过对比分析,建立了研究区高分辨率层序地层格架。研究表明,基准面旋回对聚煤演化起着重要的控制作用,在气候和地形条件适宜的情况下,长期基准面上升半旋回晚期和下降半旋回早期为聚煤作用有利时期,厚煤层形成于最大湖泛面附近;此期间持续时间长的中期基准面上升半旋回和较短的中期基准面下降旋回组合,有利于形成厚度大、分布范围广的煤层。研究成果对鹤岗盆地扩大深部煤炭资源勘探提供了依据。     

Contrasts between the Interannual Variations of Extreme Rainfall over Western and Eastern Sichuan in Mid-summer

Rainfall amount in mid-summer(July and August)is much greater over eastern than western Sichuan,which are characterized by basin and plateau,respectively.It is shown that the interannual variations of extreme rainfall over these two regions are roughly independent,and they correspond to distinct anomalies of both large-scale circulation and sea surface temperature(SST).The enhanced extreme rainfall over western Sichuan is associated with a southward shift of the Asian westerly jet,while the enhanced extreme rainfall over eastern Sichuan is associated with an anticyclonic anomaly in the upper troposphere over China.At low levels,on the other hand,the enhanced extreme rainfall over western Sichuan is related to two components of wind anomalies,namely southwesterly over southwestern Sichuan and northeasterly over northeastern Sichuan,which favor more rainfall under the effects of the topography.Relatively speaking,the enhanced extreme rainfall over eastern Sichuan corresponds to the low-level southerly anomalies to the east of Sichuan,which curve into northeasterly anomalies over the basin when they encounter the mountains to the north of the basin.Therefore,it can be concluded that the topography in and around Sichuan plays a crucial role in inducing extreme rainfall both over western and eastern Sichuan.Finally,the enhanced extreme rainfall in western and eastern Sichuan is related to warmer SSTs in the Maritime Continent and cooler SSTs in the equatorial central Pacific,respectively.     

川西新场气田地气测量试验

通过对新场气田地气测量分析,发现地气测量的纳米微粒金属元素在新场气田上方有明显的异常显示.综合土壤地球化探结果对比分析,认为Ba、Cd 、Cu、Mo、Zn、P、V、Ni等20多种纳米微粒金属元素在新场气田与相同的土壤微量元素都有着共同的响应.同时分析了有机地球化学指标在气田地表上方的表现模式,其特征和地气、土壤元素表现基本一致.地气测量方法在一定条件下对寻找天然气藏、确定气田范围具有一定的应用前景.     

Relationship between Crustal 3D Density Structure and the Earthquakes in the Longmenshan Range and Adjacent Areas

Abstract: This paper presents the 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan range and adjacent areas, with constraints from seismic and density data. The density structure of crust shows that the immense boundary plane of density distribution in relation to the Longmeshan fault belt is extended downward to ~80 km deep. This density boundary plane dips towards the northwest and crosses the Moho. With the proximity to the Longmenshan fault belt, it has a larger magnitude of undulation in the upper and middle crust levels. Density changes abruptly across Longmeshan fault belt. Seismic data show that most of the earthquakes in the Longmenshan area after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred within the upper to middle crust. These earthquakes are clearly distributed in the uplifted region of the basement. A few of them occurs in the transitional zone between the uplifted and subsided areas. But most of the earthquakes distributes in transitional zone from subsided to uplifted areas in the upper and middle crust where relatively large density changes occurr The 3D density structure of crust in the Longmenshan and adjacent areas can thus help us to understand the pattern of overthrusting from the standpoint of deep crust and where the earthquakes occurred.     

一种改进的SEVB整数模糊度搜索算法

针对浮点模糊度精度较差时SEVB算法存在搜索耗时较大的问题,提出一种改进的SEVB算法。该算法通过限制初始搜索空间大小和优化计算过程,能够有效减少模糊度搜索候选点个数和不必要的冗余计算,进而提高搜索效率。试验结果分析表明,当浮点模糊度解算精度较低时,改进算法的搜索效率比SEVB算法明显提高,且其搜索耗时不易受模糊度维数及精度的影响,具有更好的稳定性。     

渤海海峡BHS01孔沉积物磁性地层学研究

磁性地层学研究是建立渤海地区第四纪沉积序列地层年代框架的主要技术手段之一。通过对渤海海峡地区BHS01孔(孔深121.3 m)进行详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明:BHS01孔岩心记录了布容(Brunhes)正极性时至松山(Matuyama)负极性时底部,包括贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)和奥尔都维(Olduvai)正极性亚时。早、中更新世界线即布容(Brunhes)正极性时/松山(Matuyama)负极性时界限(B/M)深度位于该钻孔的46.4 m处。根据沉积速率,推测钻孔底部121.3 m处的年龄约2.25 Ma。综合沉积物的岩性、磁性及沉积速率变化特征,将BHS01孔沉积物记录的区域沉积过程自下而上划分为3个阶段:阶段Ⅰ(2.25～1.46 Ma)以河流相沉积为主;阶段Ⅱ(1.46～0.78 Ma)为稳定的湖泊相沉积;阶段Ⅲ(0.78～0 Ma)发育海陆交互相沉积。这一研究为该钻孔提供了可靠的年代标尺,为渤海海峡及邻区第四纪地层的划分对比和沉积演化过程提供了新的依据。     

COPEX和HM2000与APEX型剖面浮标比测试验及资料质量评价

利用船载CTD仪、国外剖面浮标(APEX)和实验室盐度计等标准仪器设备,在西北太平洋海域对2种型号国产剖面浮标(COPEX和HM2000)进行了现场比测试验,并对观测资料质量进行了定性和定量分析与评价.结果表明:(1) COPEX和HM2000型剖面浮标观测的盐度资料均能达到国际Argo计划提出的±0.01的精度要求;(2)HM2000的最小观测深度离海面1 m以内,最大观测深度基本稳定在2 000 m左右,并能保持在1000 m深度附近漂移,而COPEX的最小观测深度在8～9 m之间,最大观测深度则在1 800～1 900 m之间波动,且漂移深度都在600～800 m之间;(3)COPEX和HM2000都获得了70条以上有效观测剖面.总体而言,两种国产剖面浮标观测的温、盐度资料都是可信、可靠的.但试验中暴露的一些问题和不足仍有待不断改进和完善.     

验潮站零点漂移检测及修订方法的改进

考虑到利用中数法计算的日平均海面可能残留较多的短周期分潮影响,会给验潮站零点的漂移检测及修订引入一项潜在的系统差,进而影响到潮汐分析及水深测量水位改正等应用。提出了基于Godin法计算日平均海面的验潮站零点漂移检测及修正的改进方法。应用结果表明Godin法较中数法可明显削弱短周期分潮影响,从而可提高验潮站零点漂移检测及修订的精度。