国营农场橡胶树精准施肥数据库的构建

针对橡胶树精准施肥的特点,采用RDBMS+ArcSDE的空间管理模式,对空间数据和属性数据统一进行构建,实现了胶园空间数据与属性数据的统一存储和管理,为橡胶树精准施肥提供了数据支持,同时为胶园可视化、信息化管理打下了基础.     

震区植被恢复初期土壤理化性质与土壤呼吸间的关系

为了解地震灾区不同恢复方式下土壤理化性质和土壤呼吸间的关系,选取2种典型气候区(干旱河谷气候区与亚热带季风气候区)为研究区,设置人工恢复、未受损、自然恢复3种恢复方式的固定样地,定期测定土壤呼吸与土壤理化性质(有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷、容重、孔隙度、电导率和pH值),并分析各因子间的相关关系。结果表明:气候类型显著影响土壤全氮、容重、孔隙度、电导率以及土壤呼吸,表现为干旱河谷气候区显著优于亚热带季风气候区;恢复方式显著影响土壤呼吸速率、有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、有效磷含量、C:P、N:P、容重、孔隙度和电导率,基本表现为未受损样地优于人工恢复样地优于自然恢复样地;二者交互作用显著影响土壤呼吸、土壤物理性质和除全磷、有效磷外主要土壤养分的流失。两种气候区土壤呼吸的影响因子不同,干旱河谷气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、pH值、容重和孔隙度,亚热带季风气候区主要为土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、容重和孔隙度。本研究为评价和优化西南地区灾后恢复治理措施提供一定科学依据,对其生态安全维护和生态屏障建设提供帮助。     

Organic Carbon in the Surface Sediments from the Intensive Mariculture Zone of Sanggou Bay: Distribution,Seasonal Variations and Sources

Mariculture has rapidly grown worldwide, which might greatly influence the biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon in coastal seas. In this study, several geochemical parameters, including grain size composition, sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), stable carbon(δ13 C) and nitrogen(δ15 N) isotopic compositions, were analyzed for surface sediments collected from different mariculture zones of Sanggou Bay and in different seasons. We investigated the composition and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments and further evaluated the contribution of mariculture activities to TOC sources. The TOC and TN contents(mass percentage) in the bay were in the range of 0.14% to 1.45% and 0.03% to 0.20%, respectively. The spatial distribution indicated that sedimentary TOC and TN contents in shellfish monoculture and shellfish-kelp polyculture zones were higher than in other mariculture zones, which might be related to grain size composition and mariculture organisms. Seasonal variations of TOC contents were observed in different mariculture zones. The TOC/TN atomic ratio(C/N), δ13 C and δ15 N were in the ranges of 5.97 to 10.97,-21.76‰ to-13.14‰ and 2.13‰ to 8.08‰, respectively, implying that sedimentary organic matter in Sanggou Bay was the mixture of marine phytoplankton, terrestrial and maricultural sources. A simple mixing model based on δ13 C was applied and the results indicated that the relative contributions of organic carbon sources in Sanggou Bay followed the order kelp(36.6%) ? marine phytoplankton(28.7%) ? shellfish bio-deposition(23.8%) ? terrestrial input(10.9%). Surface sediments in Sanggou Bay were dominated by mariculture-derived organic carbon, which on average accounted for 60.4% of TOC.     

塔北地区寒武系白云岩储层裂缝充填特征与有效性

塔里木盆地寒武系白云岩储层具有年代老、埋深大、成岩作用强烈的特征,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽,有效裂缝的发育程度是决定储层优劣的关键因素。根据岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、FMI成像测井、扫描电镜、阴极发光、电子探针以及流体包裹体分析等研究手段,开展了塔里木盆地北部地区(简称"塔北地区")寒武系白云岩储层的裂缝充填特征及有效性分析。塔北地区整体裂缝发育,天山南地区与塔河地区裂缝在产状、线密度、形态以及充填特征上存在差异。天山南地区裂缝线密度与有效性均低于塔河地区,充填矿物主要为自形白云石与石英,其次为方解石、石膏与黄铁矿。充填白云石分为3期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～90℃、90℃～110℃及110℃以上,均为地层内的成岩流体成因;充填石英分两期,第一期为黏土矿物转化蚀变形成,第二期可能为热液成因。塔河地区裂缝线密度高,有效性较好,溶蚀作用发育,是有利的勘探地区,其充填物以热液矿物组合形式出现,主要为方解石,其次为石膏、鞍状白云石、黏土矿物、沥青等,重晶石以交代白云石的形式出现。充填方解石分为4期,对应的温度区间分别为70℃～100℃、100℃～130℃、130℃～180℃及180℃以上,前3期充填为不同埋深时期地层内成岩流体成因,最后一期充填为自下部运移而来的高温热液流体成因。     

1978年以来广州市居民职住地选择行为时空特征与影响因素的代际差异

1978年以来,中国体制改革重塑了个体日常时空行为及其在生命过程中的活动轨迹,但鲜有文献解析长时间序列下不同代际群体对职住政策调整做出的响应及其代际差异。基于时间地理学视角与代际差异理论,将广州市微观个体职住地变动历程与代际问题相结合,利用问卷调查分析1988年和1998年居民职住制度改革前后,不同代际居民职住地变迁行为时空特征及其影响因素的结构性差异。结果发现：① 在居住地和就业地变迁方向方面,各代际居民住房迁出地主要集中于老城区,就业地变迁围绕两个城市中心,形成由老城核心地域向内城、近郊扩散的变迁过程。② 职住地距离变化方面,居民平均职住距离由1988年之前的4.91 km增至1998年之后的6.46 km,20世纪90年代出生居民（简称90后,下同）的职住分离度大于其他群体。③ 在职住地变迁率方面,住房商品化和就业社会化极大地增加了居民职住地选择自由度,60后和70后在1998年之后的迁居率分别为113.16%与112.33%,就业地变迁率分别为148.68%与197.26%,二者都远高于住房改革前的比例。④ 驻留时长方面,职住自由化使得驻留时长明显缩短。60后变化最为明显,该群体在一个居住地的居住时长由1988年以前的14.43年缩至1998年以后的5.43年,就业地驻留时长由12.43年降至3.95年;80后与90后在1998年以后的职住地驻留时长明显较短,70后相对较长。⑤ 能力、组合及权威制约中的房价、婚姻状况、学历、福利分房及下岗等因素对职住地变迁表现出明显代际差异,因子女上学及同事关系等组合制约对就业地变迁无显著群体差别。     

Seasonal response of surface wind to SST perturbation in the Northern Hemisphere

The seasonal response of surface wind speed to sea surface temperature(SST)change in the Northern Hemisphere was investigated using 10 years(2002-2011)high-resolution satellite observations and reanalysis data.The results showed that correlation between surface wind speed perturbations and SST perturbations exhibits remarkable seasonal variation,with more positive correlation is stronger in the cold seasons than in the warm seasons.This seasonality in a positive correlation between SST and surface wind speed is attributable primarily to seasonal changes of oceanic and atmospheric background conditions in frontal regions.The mean SST gradient and the prevailing surface winds are strong in winter and weak in summer.Additionally,the eddy-induced response of surface wind speed is stronger in winter than in summer,although the locations and numbers of mesoscale eddies do not show obvious seasonal features.The response of surface wind speed is apparently due to stability and mixing within the marine atmospheric boundary layer(MABL),modulated by SST perturbations.In the cold seasons,the stronger positive(negative)SST perturbations are easier to increase(decrease)the MABL height and trigger(suppress)momentum vertical mixing,contributing to the positive correlation between SST and surface wind speed.In comparison,SST perturbations are relatively weak in the warm seasons,resulting in a weak response of surface wind speed to SST changes.This result holds for each individual region with energetic eddy activity in the Northern Hemisphere.     

Net Horizontal Payments for Ecosystem Services: An Application in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region of China

Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are one kind of important tool for environmental protection, and have been widely studied by international scholars and conservationists. Based various definitions of PES from recent articles, we have outlined four principles for PES: parity, measurability, additionality and conditionality, and then have used these principles to develop a formula to calculate a standard for PES. Finding a way to use PES to achieve a win-win relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region (BTHR) is a key task for Chinese government. Synergetic development of BTHR has become a national strategy, like The Belt and Road Initiative. This article employed the formula we developed to calculate the net horizontal PES amounts that each provincial government within BTHR should pay. Our findings show that Beijing should have paid 10.44×10⁹ Yuan (0.4% of Beijing’s GRP) and Tianjin 16.56×10⁹ Yuan (0.93% of Tianjin’s GRP) to Hebei in 2016.     

一例异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)暴发性出血病病原分析

2016年6月,江苏某异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖场暴发一种传染性急性出血病,造成养殖银鲫大量死亡。为分析此次疾病病因及流行规律,本研究从发病养殖场采集患出血病的异育银鲫,从细菌、病毒及寄生虫三个方面对病原进行了分析。采用病原菌分离、组织病理学观察、超薄切片电镜观察、病毒核酸分析、回感实验等对病原进行鉴定。结果显示从发病鲫鱼体内分离到病毒一株,未发现寄生虫及细菌感染。经测序及序列分析,该病毒为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus2,CyHV-2)病毒,组织病理学观察结果显示患病鱼的鳃和肾脏有明显病变,电镜下可观察到病鱼脾脏组织有带囊膜的球形病毒,囊膜直径约为170—200nm,病毒衣壳直径约为110—120nm,核心直径约为60nm,用组织匀浆感染鲫鱼囊胚细胞系(CGB)可稳定地观察到典型的细胞病变,用患病鱼组织匀浆液人工感染异育银鲫的死亡率高达100%,荧光定量PCR检测到该病毒可感染多器官,其中以脾脏中病毒含量最高,其次是脑,肝脏中最少。本研究可为CyHV-2的诊断防控及疫苗研制提供资料。     

海洋有害藻华研究进展

浮游植物不仅是食物链的基础环节,也在生物地球化学循环中起着重要作用。然而,某些种类在一定条件下会过度增殖富集形成有害藻华(因造成水色变为红、绿、褐、金等颜色,所以俗称为赤潮、绿潮、褐潮、金潮等),结果严重影响当地经济、海洋生态系统、全球生物地球化学循环甚至人类健康。近年来,随着水体富营养化、全球气候变化等现象加剧,有害藻华(Harmful Algal Bloom,HAB)的暴发规模和频次呈逐年增加趋势,且相关研究已成为环境生态学领域的热点。本文主要以典型海洋HAB生物为线索,从物种分布、生物监测、主要影响因素、分子机制及防治等方面概述了近十年HAB的主要研究进展,总结了现有研究的优点和不足,并对未来HAB研究做了相关展望。近十年的研究进展主要体现在:(1)不断有新的HAB物种被发现或鉴定,HAB藻类系统分类也不断被更新;(2)鉴定、检测方法包括DNA分析、生物传感器研发应用等有较大改进;(3)藻类毒素生物合成通路的研究有一定进展;(4)在HAB生态学与海洋学研究持续发展的基础上,分子机制及现代组学发展较迅速。然而, HAB发生的关键环境诱因和生物学(特别是生化与分子)机制仍然不是很清楚,缺乏一个可用来预测HAB暴发的关键因子。笔者认为,一方面是因为HAB的复杂性、种类及生态系统的特异性,另一方面是研究缺乏系统性与完整性。因此未来有必要加强对每一个重要的HAB原因种开展系统、持续的研究,类似于生物科学领域里的模式种研究,并且有必要开展综合性的研究,如实验室单种培养、中尺度模拟及现场生态研究相结合,整合现代组学、传统生理生态学和现场实时连续观测等技术。     

南海东北部陆架边缘第四纪高分辨率层序地层和沉积体系演化及其控制因素

The northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is characterized by the development of large scale foresets complexes since Quaternary. Based on integral analysis of the seismic, well logging and paleontological data, successions since ～3.0 Ma can be defined as one composite sequence, consist of a set of regional transgressive to regressive sequences. They can be further divided into six 3 rd order sequences(SQ0–SQ5) based on the Exxon sequence stratigraphic model. Since ～1.6 Ma, five sets of deltaic systems characterized by development of wedge-shaped foresets complexes or clinoforms had been identified. High-resolution seismic data and the thick foresets allowed further divided of sub-depositional sequences(4 th order) of regression to transgression, which is basically consistent with published stacked benthic foram O-isotope records. Depositional systems identified in the study area include deltaic deposits(inner-shelf deltas and shelf-edge deltas), incised valleys, and slope slumping massive deposits. Since ～1.6 Ma, clinoforms prograded from the southern Panyu Lower Uplift toward the northern Baiyun Depression, shelf slope break migrated seaward, whereas the shelf edge of SQ0 migrated landward. The development of incised valleys in the continental shelf increased upward,especially intensive on the SB3 and SB2. The slumping massive deposits increased abruptly since SB2, which corresponds to the development of incised valleys. The evolution of depositional systems of continental slope mainly controlled by the combined influence of sea level changes, tectonic movements, sediment supply and climate changes. Since ～3.0 Ma, relative sea level of the northern SCS had been experienced transgression(～3.0 Ma BP) to regression(～1.6 Ma BP). The regional regression and maximum transgressions of the composite sequences were apparently enhanced by uplift or subsidence related to tectono-thermal events. In addition,climatic variations including monsoon intensification and the mid-Pleistocene transition may have enhanced sediment supply by increasing erosion rate and have an indispensable influence on the development of the incised valleys and 5 sets of deltaic systems since ～1.6 Ma.