浅谈煤矿井下全液压钻机的设计要点

结合ZDY3200S型全液压钻机及其在生产实际中的应用情况,阐述了煤矿井下全液压钻机设计时,钻机的总体布局、确定基本参数的要求、钻机机械传动主要部件的结构及钻机的特点。     

新疆喀拉喀什河金刚石找矿指示矿物原生表面特征研究

新疆喀拉喀什河水系的重砂矿物中发现了高铬铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿和铬透辉石等金刚石找矿指示矿物。结果表明,这些重消矿物不仅发育因河流和风力搬运作用形成的次生表面特征（如贝壳状断口、Ｖ形撞击坑等）,个别矿物还残留有金刚石找矿物原生表面特征,如丘状突起、三角和菱形熔坑等表面（ＳＳ）,且为轻微磨损类。这些残留有刻蚀表面（ＳＳ）的矿物形成于金伯利岩浆最后侵位阶段,结合该区水动力条件,推测它们被搬运蚀表面     

Geochronology of the Xihuashan Tungsten Deposit in Southeastern China: Constraints from Re–Os and U–Pb Dating

Xihuashan tungsten deposit is one of the earliest explored tungsten deposits in southeastern China. It is a vein type deposit genetically associated with the Xihuashan granite pluton. Here we report new dating and zircon geochemistry results. Re–Os isotopic dating for molybdenite intergrowth with wolframite in the oldest generation of the Xihuashan pluton yielded an isochron age of 157.0 ± 2.5 Ma (2σ). Zircon U–Pb laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) dating shows that the pluton crystallized at 155.7 ± 2.2 Ma (2σ). This age is similar to the molybdenite Re–Os age for the ore deposit within error. This, together with published data, suggests that the major W(Mo)‐Sn mineralization occurred between 160–150 Ma in southeastern China. These deposits constitute a major part of the magmatic‐metallogenic belt of eastern Nanlin. The lower Re content in molybdenite of the Xihuashan tungsten deposit shows crustal origin for the ore‐forming material. The limited direct contributions from the subducting slab for the tungsten mineralization in the Nanling region suggest a change of the style of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath southeastern China.     

南襄盆地地下水污染对水化学类型变化的指示意义

地下水水化学分类是按一定的规则将地下水中的化学成分归类,是认识地下水形成的重要途径。然而,在地下水受污染的条件下,污染质将成为地下水化学组分的一部分,指示着区域地下水化学类型受污染质影响。针对该问题采用了在舒卡列夫分类法中加入NO_3~-指标的方法,发现计入NO_3~-后水化学命名发生改变的点占17.2%,水化学类型新增了NO_3、Cl·NO_3、HCO_3·NO_3型水3种;原舒卡列夫分类中HCO_3型水所占面积略有增加,其它3种水化学类型面积有所减少。常规水化学分类法主要用于判断地下水的自然成因,而人类活动使浅层地下水的原生环境发生了较大变化,在进行与人为污染组分有关的地下水化学分类工作时,并不适用。因此,水化学分类中计入NO_3~-这一典型污染指示因子,有助于从污染角度研究地下水。     

矿井深部巷道围岩变形浅析及控制

矿井深部巷道开挖后处于裂隙、塑性、弹性围岩包围范围内。通过计算对包围巷道围岩的3种圈层范围的力学性能进行分析,进而阐述了巷道的变形机制,得出了塑性圈层围岩内的应力应变表述式。对于选择巷道的支护机制,经济有效的控制裂隙化圈层范围的扩大,改善其应力状态,提高其自身的残余强度和承载能力,对深井巷道锚杆综合支护体系的选择,提供了一定的理论支持。     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定地下水中硫化物的水样保存方法

硫化物是评价地下水污染的重要特征指标之一。为了使硫化物的测定结果更加准确可靠,在硫化物水样采集过程中通常加入乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液作为固定剂,以抑制硫离子被氧化生成硫化氢从水样中逸出。但已有的标准方法和文献中对加入乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的顺序和加入量不尽相同,回收率范围为65%～108%。本研究采用亚甲蓝分光光度法测定地下水中的硫化物,考察了采样时乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的加入顺序和加入量对硫化物回收率的影响。结果表明,在采样过程中应先加1.0 mL乙酸锌溶液,再加500 mL水样,最后加入2.0 mL氢氧化钠溶液,其低浓度和高浓度加标水样的回收率达到94.2%～98.0%,优于文献的回收率,硫的测定结果令人满意。对硫化物浓度高的水样,可增加乙酸锌溶液和氢氧化钠溶液的加入量,硫化物同样有着较高的回收率。     

压密注浆的能量分析方法

为了能够从能量的角度分析压密注浆的力学机理,并给出注浆压力的理论解,将整个注浆过程视为无限土体中的圆孔扩张问题,根据注浆过程中能耗区土体在注浆压力和静止土压力作用下的应力、应变和体变关系以及注浆扩孔过程中的能量和体变守恒原理,推导出压密注浆极限注浆压力的理论解答。计算和分析表明,理论解的计算结果与工程实际比较吻合,而且球形扩孔的注浆压力比柱形扩孔的注浆压力要小得多,初步证实了理论解的可靠性。     

庐枞丘陵区某铁矿包气带污染预测评价

以铁矿为代表的金属矿山在选矿与生产过程中会形成含有多种重金属的污废水,一经泄漏,首先对包气带形成污染;而庐枞丘陵地区第四系松散层较薄,包气带防污能力较弱;因此,以包气带污染预测为基础,开展包气带防污能力的研究,对后期地下水污染的防治与保护都有重要意义。本文以安徽省丘陵地区某铁矿为例,通过渗水试验评价包气带防污性能,并采用数值法分别进行饱水与非饱水渗透条件下的污染预测评价,为其它类似地区提供了可借鉴的方法和理论。     

西藏达金砾岩的沉积时代、物源及构造背景

达金砾岩出露于西藏阿里地区冈仁波齐峰南麓,因其地层中发现深海有孔虫化石而受到广泛关注,然而由于达金砾岩的沉积时代不确定,对其沉积的大地构造背景也没有统一的认识。本文中,根据最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄限定达金砾岩的最大沉积时代为渐新世末-中新世初(24~27Ma)。综合野外观察,砂岩碎屑统计和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分析,本文认为达金砾岩的底部和顶部地层中碎屑物质直接来源于北侧的冈底斯弧,而其中部地层中碎屑物质(包括有孔虫化石)应再旋回自西侧的弧前盆地错江顶群地层。达金砾岩与上覆的冈底斯砾岩连续沉积,且其沉积时代,源区分析结果都与冈底斯砾岩一致,因此本文认为达金砾岩应隶属于冈底斯砾岩。达金砾岩地层变形较弱,产状近乎水平,应沉积于拉张应力背景下,可能与渐新世末-中新世初俯冲的印度板片的"折返"和"断离"有关。     

Early Cretaceous Palynological Assemblages of the Shuangliao Fault Depression, Songliao Basin and their Geological Implications

The pollen and spores found in the Early Cretaceous strata of two cores from the Shuangliao Fault Depression were studied systematically, and two palynological assemblages have been recognized. Assemblage Ⅰ from the Yingcheng Formation is named Paleoconiferus-Pinuspollenites; the assemblage is characterized by an extremely high content of Paleoconifer pollen. Assemblage Ⅱ from Member 1 of the Denglouku Formation is named Cicatricosisporites-Cyathidites-Pinuspollenites; the assemblage is characterized by the abundant presence of Laevigati spores, but less Paleoconifer pollen. According to the palynological data and zircon U-Pb dating, the geological age of the Yingcheng Formation is thought to be Aptian-Albian, and that of the Denglouku Formation is thought to be Early Albian. On the basis of the composition of each assemblage, we can infer that during the depositional period of the Yingcheng Formation, the paleovegetation was mainly conifer forest, the paleoclimate was consistent with the temperate climate of today, and the paleoenvironment was humid feature. During the depositional period of Member 1 of the Denglouku Formation, the paleovegetation was mainly conifer forest and shrubs, the paleoclimate was consistent with the subtropical climate of today, and the paleoenvironment was humid. The results significantly improve our understanding of the stratigraphy in the Shuangliao Fault Depression, provide biostratigraphic evidence for the division and correlation of Early Cretaceous strata in the Shuangliao Fault Depression, and provide new data for analyzing paleovegetation and paleoclimate in the Songliao Basin.