云南地区波速比异常图像的南北差异

动态追踪了云南地区第4 强震活跃期6 .3 级以上强震前波速比异常图像,显示出明显的南北差异:滇西南的1988 年11 月6 日澜沧- 耿马7 .6 、7 . 2 级和1993 年1 月27 日普洱6 .3 级强震发生在低波速比异常区内; 中缅边境上的1992 年4 月23 日6 .7 、6 .8 级和1995 年7 月12 日孟连西7 .2 级强震发生在低波速比异常区边缘;而滇西北的1996 年2 月3 日丽江7 .0 级、1976 年11 月7 日、12 月14 日宁蒗6 .7 、6 .4 级和滇东的1995 年10 月24 日武定6 .5 级强震却都发生在高波速比异常区内.强震前近震震级 ML 与持续时间震级 MD 的震级差的南北差异也进一步证实了波速比异常的差别.     

我国水华蓝藻的新类群——阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)生理特性

阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)是水华蓝藻的重要类群,实验对我国不同省份分离到的5株阿氏浮丝藻生长速率、色素组成、光合活性参数进行了测定.结果表明分离于广州的HABll28叶绿素a(Chla)含量较低,藻蓝蛋白(c-Pc)比例和含量较高.电子传递速率(ETR)测定结果表明,HABIl28的ETR曲线较高,最大ETRme值也显著高于其余4株,高效的光能电子传递链弥补了光合色素Chla的不足,以致HABIl28保持了中性的生长速率.分离于武汉东湖的HAB631则与之正好相反,较高的ChLa受限于光能电子传递链的薄弱,生长速率表现较低.分离于北京、上海、昆明的3株藻株在各项生理指标上无显著差异.     

山西地区的波速比（V_P/V_S）特征研究

利用山西台网的数字地震观测资料,采用单震多台和达法、多震多台联合测定法,对山西北部、中部和南部地区波速比进行分析研究,结果表明：在2010年1月24日的河津万荣4.8级地震、4月4日的大同4.5级地震和6月5日阳曲4.6级地震前均存在波速比下降现象,其中前2次地震发生在波速比下降过程中,第3次地震则发生在波速比异常恢复阶段。之后山西中部和北部的波速比处于低值,尤其是山西北部的波速比低值持续,说明山西省北部是比较危险的区域。     

青藏高原湖泊沉积物对古气候环境变化的响应

随着全球变化研究的不断深入,青藏高原湖泊沉积物的研究得到很大发展。作为高分辨率古环境变化的“记录仪”,湖泊沉积物在重建晚第四纪全球环境变化中具有特殊的地位和意义。湖泊沉积物中储存的各种信息反映了矿物学、同位素地球化学、生物学、沉积学等方面对气候环境变化的响应。在古环境变化研究中,湖泊沉积物已经从定性化研究逐渐过渡到定量化研究。     

Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains,Central China

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.     

干旱区梨园不同覆盖条件下土壤环境因子综合性评价研究

在干旱沿黄灌区开展不同覆盖材料配合滴灌的灌溉保墒方式下,进一步研究了不同覆盖方式对梨园全生育期的土壤理化性状和养分含量变化影响,分析了土壤温度、水分、pH等和矿质营养元素间的相互关系,对覆盖后的土壤质量进行了综合性评价。试验处理分为无覆盖对照（T1）、园艺地布覆盖（T2）、玉米秸秆覆盖（T3）和黑地膜覆盖（T4）4个处理;试验设计为随机区组设计,每个处理小区均为167株梨树（约占地667 m²）,重复3次;各小区土样分0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm土层取样。结果表明：（1） 园艺地布和黑地膜覆盖处理有一定的增温效应,而玉米秸秆覆盖有较好的降温和稳温效应,且增墒效应明显,土壤含水率比其他3种处理显著提高了1.0%~2.7%。（2） 相较无覆盖处理,黑地膜覆盖可提升表层土壤pH,并加速表层土壤有机质的分解,有机质含量较无覆盖处理下降33.1%;玉米秸秆覆盖可显著降低各土层的土壤pH,降低范围为1.8%~4.6%,并促进0~20 cm土层有机质的提升,土壤有机质含量增加12.2%;园艺地布覆盖下0~40 cm土层内土壤有机质含量和全盐量均有降低。（3） 黑地膜覆盖下0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层的碱解氮含量分别为73.00 mg·g^-1和64.53 mg·g^-1,均显著地高于无覆盖处理,无覆盖条件下土壤碱解氮在深层（40~60 cm土层）积累较多,显著地高于玉米秸秆和黑地膜覆盖;各处理0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层速效磷含量差异显著,大小顺序均为T4>T3>T2>T1,玉米秸秆覆盖可提升土壤速效钾和速效铁的含量。（4） 进行主成分分析表明不同覆盖方式对梨园浅层土壤环境因子的影响要明显大于深层土壤,在0~40 cm土层内各覆盖处理效果均好于无覆盖处理,其中玉米秸秆覆盖在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层综合得分分别为1.189和0.326,覆盖效果最佳。     

相变储能材料六水氯化钙的储热性能优化研究

六水氯化钙(CaCl2?6H2O)的相变温度约为29 ℃,相变潜热约180.0～190.8 J/g,因其潜热高,成本低,无毒等优点广泛应用于建筑材料中,但CaCl2?6H2O在实际应用中存在着储热性能差、衰减严重等缺点。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射法(XRD)对比了CaCl2?6H2O在改性前后的潜热性能、形貌及晶体结构差异。结果表明,通过对CaCl2?6H2O的水含量进行精确调控,材料的相变潜热从158.6 J/g提升至194.8 J/g,潜热存储能力得到极大的提升。     

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System

In this work,problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate( TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The behavior of N,N-bi-( 2-ethylhexyl) acetamide( N523) during lithium extraction was investigated,and its disadvantages were analyzed in the view of practical application. An N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used separately. The optimal composition of this mixture extraction system was determined to be 20% N523-30% TBP-50% kerosene.The effects of brine acidity,Fe/Li molarity ratio,phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed. The operation conditions in single-stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity = 0. 05 mol/L,Fe/Li molarity ratio = 1. 3,and phase ratio = 2. The high concentration of chloride ions in brine was beneficial for the extraction of lithium. The structure of the extracted complex was proposed as( LiFeCl_4·n N523·m TBP)·( 2-n) N523·( 2-m) TBP( m + n = 2) by chemical analysis and slope-fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily,and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic( ΔH 0) and spontaneous( ΔG 0) reaction,and the degree of disorder increased( ΔS 0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both the fundamental theory and practical application.     

实时修复双频原始载波相位观测值周跳的虚拟值探测法

利用各频率观测值间物理上的相关性,采用数学变换得到一个含有双频原始载波观测信息的虚拟观测值,与双频数据按长波长特性进行多频组合来放大周跳。对探测出的周跳候选值利用Melbourne-Wubbena组合及多项式拟合作为两个判别条件来进行甄选,达到了实时修复双频原始载波相位观测值周跳的目的。     

国家重大工程资料整理归档的方法与实施

从国家重大工程项目的立项论证、实地勘察、图纸设计、施工监理招标、建设施工、设备采购、调试安装、试运行及验收等方面,详细阐明了文档资料归档的种类、组织实施的主体依据方法、验收移交管理要求等,规范了重大专项工程建设文档资料归档的管理,对专项工程项目文件资料归档管理具有参考指导意义。