适于复杂地质模型的三维射线跟踪方法

复杂地质体模型的三维射线跟踪方法在数值计算时随波阵面自动生成射线跟踪所需的计算单元,无需对复杂地质体模型预先进行模型离散化.基于计算中自动生成的计算单元,进行射线跟踪计算时就无需求解射线路径与计算单元数值边界的交点,因而具有甚高的计算效率.本文方法不仅可作为地震资料叠前成像的算法基础,而且还为复杂介质中波场高频渐近解的计算提供一种最佳的计算途径.     

THE RADIATIVE EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS OVER CHINA AND THEIR SENSITIVITY TO SOURCE EMISSION

In this paper,the RIEMS 2.0 model,source emission in 2006 and 2010 are used to simulate the distributions and radiative effects of different anthropogenic aerosols over China.The comparison between the results forced by source emissions in 2006 and 2010 also reveals the sensitivity of the radiative effects to source emission.The results are shown as follows:(1) Compared with those in 2006,the annual average surface concentration of sulfate in 2010 decreased over central and eastern China with a range of-5 to 0 μg/m~3;the decrease of annual average aerosol optical depth of sulfate over East China varied from 0.04 to 0.08;the annual average surface concentrations of BC,OC and nitrate increased over central and eastern China with maximums of 10.90,11.52 and 12.50μg/m~3,respectively;the annual aerosol optical depths of BC,OC and nitrate increased over some areas of East China with extremes of 0.006,0.007 and 0.008,respectively.(2)For the regional average results in 2010,the radiative forcings of sulfate,BC,OC,nitrate and their total net radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere over central and eastern China were-0.64,0.29,-0.41,-0.33 and-1.1 W/m~2,respectively.Compared with those in 2006,the radiative forcings of BC and OC in 2010 were both enhanced,while that of sulfate and the net radiative forcing were both weakened over East China mostly.(3)The reduction of the cooling effect of sulfate in 2010 produced a warmer surface air temperature over central and eastern China;the maximum value was 0.25 K.The cooling effect of nitrate was also slightly weakened.The warming effect of BC was enhanced over most of the areas in China,while the cooling effect of OC was enhanced over the similar area,particularly the area between Yangtze and Huanghe Rivers.The net radiative effect of the four anthropogenic aerosols generated the annual average reduction and the maximum reduction were-0.096 and-0.285 K,respectively,for the surface temperature in 2006,while in 2010 they were-0.063 and-0.256 K,respectively.In summary,the change in source emission lowered the cooling effect of anthropogenic aerosols,mainly because of the enhanced warming effect of BC and weakened cooling effect of scattering aerosols.     

基于路基土蠕变效应的路基预应力损失模型研究

新型预应力路基技术可用于整治路基病害或强化既有线路基,研究其预应力损失规律对保障预应力路基工程的长期安全具有重要意义。基于弹性理论提出了预应力路基侧压力板与路基边坡接触面中心点后方水平路径上附加应力的计算方法,分析表明该特征路径上水平附加应力随距板−土接触面中心点距离的增加呈现良好的指数函数衰减关系。基于水平附加应力的指数函数扩散规律及路基土的蠕变行为,推导了路基土的蠕变变形计算公式。进一步基于蠕变变形与预应力钢筋回缩变形的协调性,建立了路基预应力的损失模型和计算方法,并结合FLAC3D数值仿真开展了对比分析。研究表明：钢筋预拉力损失的理论预测曲线与数值仿真曲线吻合良好,二者偏差不足5%,论证了路基预应力损失模型的有效性;钢筋预拉力可在锚固后的60 d内达到稳定,且预拉力的稳定值可达其初始值的85%～90%,说明新型预应力路基技术可为路基土提供相当可观的稳定附加围压,从而通过改善路基土的应力状态达到强化路基的目的。     

广西TRMM降雨产品多时间尺度精度评估

集合不同观测降水数据优势,获取更为精细化降水产品,可以更好地再现区域降水时空异质性,这也使得多源降水数据精度评估、校正及融合应用成为当前研究热点。从降雨时空一致性、降雨量误差、日降雨事件探测能力方面对广西TRMM降雨产品进行了精度评估,并对比分析了TRMM对干旱的评估效果。结果表明:（1）广西TRMM降雨产品与气象站观测降雨存在显著的时空相关性,日尺度相关系数最低为0.5~0.6,月、年尺度相关系数则均在0.7以上;（2）广西TRMM降雨量总体略偏大,其相对偏差主要在0~10%;（3）TRMM产品在广西地区的日降雨事件探测能力优于全国平均水平,尤其在强降雨月份POD>0.75,但也存在降雨量较少的冬季月份准确率显著下降的现象。（4）TRMM降雨产品在广西干旱强度监测方面,能够揭示区域干旱的时空尺度效应和强度累积效应,具有比有限地面站点数据更精细化的空间异质性表达。相关成果有望促进区域多源降雨数据的校正及融合应用研究,为区域更有效的旱涝灾害评估、预报预警等提供科学支撑。      

Research and application of mud proportioning optimization of slurry balance shield in mudstone and gravel composite stratum

Slurry performance is one of the key factors to maintain the stability of excavation face when slurry balance shield is tunneling in complex strata. Based on the engineering background of slurry shield tunneling in mudstone and gravel composite stratum of Nanning Metro Line 5, the control variable method and the self-made slurry shield tunneling system are adopted to compare and select the mud admixture and to analyze the influence of the admixture amount and the formation composite ratio on the slurry relative density. Then, the mud permeability law and the dynamic and static mud film forming law under different formation composite ratios, swelling water ratios and slag dosages are analyzed comprehensively by factorial design. The results show that different admixtures have significant influence on the properties of bentonite slurry. Specifically, potassium methyl silicate and potassium chloride can effectively reduce the relative density of slurry, while sodium chloride and sodium silicate can promote the disintegration of mudstone in water. In addition, the slag admixture can effectively reduce the water filtration, improving the film quality and reducing the consumption of bentonite. When the cutter head speed is less than or equal to 2.5 r/min, the formation rate of mud film is greater than or equal to the failure rate so as to ensure the stability of driving face. The mud swelling water ratio suitable for mudstone and gravel composite stratum (composite ratio: 0?1) is 0.1?0.20, the residue content is 100?200 g/kg, and the potassium methyl silicate is 3.75%?7.50%.     

液舱晃荡载荷计算与强度校核系统研究

随着薄膜型LNG运输船的需求量不断增加,晃荡载荷已成为船舶安全性研究的重要内容之一。本文结合中国船级社规范所推荐的公式,对薄膜型LNG船晃荡水平的载荷进行研究,提出载荷计算方法和流程,在MSC.patran的基础上结合二次开发语言PCL,设计了一套晃荡载荷计算与校核系统。该系统对有限元模型进行前后处理,设计了舱室识别算法来搜索晃荡载荷的作用域,实现薄膜型LNG船晃荡载荷的自动计算与施加,完成屈服强度评估。通过算例测试证明本系统自动计算结果的有效性和准确性,可以为工程设计人员大大节约工作量,大幅度提高工作效率。     

铀的地球化学性质与成矿作用

铀成矿主要受控于物质来源、迁移过程和沉淀机制.本文系统总结了铀的地球化学性质、迁移形式和沉淀机制等方面的研究进展,以期提高对铀成矿机理的认识,促进找矿勘查与污染治理等领域的发展.铀的电子层结构决定了其具有亲氧性、变价性及类质同象等地球化学行为.不同地质体中铀含量差异大,酸性岩、碱性岩及富有机质、磷酸盐的沉积岩中铀含量高...     

新疆祁漫塔格找矿远景区重要矿产整装勘查

新疆祁漫塔格地区成矿地质条件优越,找矿潜力巨大,是新疆十大重要找矿远景区之一。通过开展重要矿产资源整装勘查,有望在该区快速实现重大找矿突破。笔者首先简要阐述了本区地质矿产特征、以往工作程度和已取得的重要找矿进展,在此基础上,提出了实施矿产资源整装勘查部署的初步方案和预期取得的找矿成果,并从组织管理、运行机制、矿业权管理以及经费来源、队伍组织等多方面探讨了实现整装勘查的具体保障措施。     

基于高斯混合模型的遥感信息提取方法研究

高斯混合模型(Gaussian mixture model,GMM)可以描述遥感数据的概率密度函数,通过估计各高斯分布的参数,计算后验概率,实现信息提取.为了提高利用GMM进行遥感信息提取的准确度,首先在GMM中使用马尔科夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)计算各像元邻域内各类地物的先验概率,代替各类地物的混合概率,使其反映出各类地物的空间相关性;然后在参数估计过程中利用模拟退火(simulated annealing,SA)思想获得全局最优的参数估计值;最后利用该参数估计值求出每个像元对于各类地物的后验概率,获得各类地物的空间分布.通过对遥感实验场的图像数据进行信息提取,发现所述新方法取得了更好的效果,证明了上述改进的有效性.     

小兴安岭东南伊春一带早中生代花岗岩与多金属成矿作用

小兴安岭东南伊春地区晚三叠世—早侏罗世二长花岗岩中普遍具有岩浆混合成因MME型暗色微细粒闪长质包体和同深成岩墙—中基性脉岩群等,反映出壳幔混合成因的特点,而正长-碱长花岗岩具铝质A2型花岗岩的特征,两者的岩相学、主微量及同位素特征显示,其形成均与古亚洲洋闭合之后大陆碰撞向碰撞后转变的伸展崩塌构造环境下的底侵作用有关。两者形成时代、成因及物质来源和成矿构造背景等特征上的相似性,也反映在矿床成矿系列的相似性上,二长花岗岩表现出Mo-Pb-Zn-Fe-Au-Ag矿床成矿系列,并以Mo、Pb成矿作用强烈为特征,而正长-碱长花岗岩矿床成矿系列表现为Zn-Pb-Cu-Mo-W-Fe,其成矿作用较弱且分散,同时也说明了成矿系列中存在一定差异,这可能与壳幔混合程度不同有关;早中生代花岗岩有关成矿特征、矿床类型、矿化强度、矿化类型等矿床成矿系列上的差异,说明该地区仍具有巨大的多金属找矿潜力。