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211.
Storm-influenced siliciclastic and carbonate ramp deposits, the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation, South Korea 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The Dumugol Formation (Lower Ordovician) in the southern part of the Baegunsan syncline, South Korea, contains mixed siliciclastic and carbonate ramp deposits. The ramp sediments were frequently influenced by storm events resulting in tempestites of sandstone-mudstone couplets, bioclastic grainstones to packstones, flat-pebble conglomerates, a skeletal lag layer and laminated calcisiltites. All tempestites are characterized by an erosive to sharp base, poor grading and a transitional upper boundary. The difference in lithology of tempestites appears to have been controlled by the nature of substrates and by proximality. For example, laminated calcisiltites have developed on the shallow carbonate ramp, flat-pebble conglomerates are closely associated with nodular limestones on shallow and deep ramps, and thin skeletal lag layers from fossiliferous argillaceous sediments formed in a basinal setting. The stratigraphic succession of the Dumugol Formation represents an initial transgression followed by a regression. The vertical facies change records the transition from a shallow siliciclastic ramp to a deep carbonate ramp, to a basin, shallowing to a deep carbonate ramp, and to a shallow carbonate ramp. Storm effects are mostly well preserved in shallow to deep ramp deposits. 相似文献
212.
Meitien is one of the largest villages in Ichanghsien, Hunan, and is situated about 20 km. west-southwest of the Ichang City. The well-known Chitienling (騎田嶺), one of the "Five Ranges" of the Nanling, stands on the north side of Meitien, at a distance of 相似文献
213.
T. LEE 《Geophysical Prospecting》1975,23(4):653-662
The transient electromagnetic fields observed by the MPPO-1 equipment in practice over geological structures cannot always be adequately explained by Maxwell's equation when the imaginary part of the conductivity of the rocks is neglected. If, for any reason, the conductivity of the rocks is a complex function of frequency such that the imaginary part is appreciable the model calculations must include this. This explains why some observed transient electromagnetic decay curves change sign with time. 相似文献
214.
为便于在大陆上研究板块构造,作者提出了几项原则,作为参考:1.板块接触带时常表现为一条大断层或断裂带,延伸至少数百公里,经常超过一千公里;2.在两个相邻的板块上,沉积岩相和古生物群有显著的划分;3.有混杂堆积的出现;4.有蛇绿岩带的出现;5.有蓝片岩的出现;6.侵入岩与喷出岩具有规律性的分布;7.地震震中的分布;8.两个相邻板块所指极向的不同移动轨迹. 根据上述原则,结合中国地质情况进行分析,作者认为我国有几条山脉和地区可能是板块构造接触带.这些是:1.秦岭东西构造带,2.台湾省东岸,3.西藏的雅鲁藏布江,4.金沙江上游,5.龙门山及“康滇地轴”,6.祁连山北部边缘. 在工作中也遇到了以下几个有待进一步研究的问题:1.大陆板块对大陆板块互相碰撞的说法,似应作一定的修改.因为几乎所有大陆上的俯冲带都是沿着地槽的一边或两边发生的,而不是两个大陆板块直接相互接触.它和大陆边缘的海洋板块对大陆板块的移动,极为相似。2.超基性岩是否能侵入到大陆地壳,还是只能生成于地幔?3.如果说超基性岩只出现于地槽,则古老地块中有超基性岩出现时,是否可以说,这是以前地槽沉积的变质岩,而不是古老的岩浆岩体,例如秦岭的大华群和大别山的淮阳地盾等。 相似文献
215.
Petrogenesis of Mesozoic, Peraluminous Granites in the Lamoille Canyon Area, Ruby Mountains, Nevada, USA 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
LEE SANG-YUN; BARNES CALVIN G.; SNOKE ARTHUR W.; HOWARD KEITH A.; FROST CAROL D. 《Journal of Petrology》2003,44(4):713-732
Two groups of closely associated, peraluminous, two-mica graniticgneiss were identified in the area. The older, sparsely distributedunit is equigranular (EG) with initial 相似文献
216.
NUTRIENT LOAD ESTIMATION METHODS FOR RIVERS 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huai-en LI. Joseph Hun-Wei LEE Ming CM Professor Environmental Science Institute Xi''''an University of Technology. Xi''''an . Shaanxi P.R. China.Professor Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong.P.R. China Ph.D. student in Hydrology Water Resources. Environmental Science Institute Xi''''an University ofTechnology Xi''''an Shaanxi P.R. China 《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(4)
Pollutant load estimation is essential for watershed management and water pollution control. For most watersheds, only sparse water quality measurements (e.g. monthly data) are available. The influence of input data on the accuracy of non-point source pollution load estimation is studied using the water quality and stream flow data from a small watershed in Hong Kong. Comparison and analysis of the results using 8 different methods show that the accuracy of stream-flow runoff is the single most important factor for the calculation of pollutant load. Based on the results, the stream flow correction coefficient is advanced to provide a more reliable load estimation. The improved method of pollutant load estimation can be easily applied in practice since the stream-flow runoff can be measured by hydrological station or estimated with various hydrological methods. 相似文献
217.
Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Chuncheon amphibolite, central Gyeonggi massif, South Korea 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Abstract The Chuncheon amphibolite, part of the Gubongsan Group which overlies the Yongduri gneiss complex, is interlayered with calc-silicate rock, marble, quartzite, biotite schist and quartzofeldspathic gneiss in the central Gyeonggi massif, South Korea. Metamorphic pressures and temperatures estimated from the amphibolite are 5.5–10.6 kbar and 615–714°C. These P—T conditions are close to those defined by the reaction curve between kyanite and sillimanite, and suggest medium-pressure-type metamorphism of the Chuncheon amphibolite. For two metapelites intercalated with the amphibolite, temperatures are estimated to be 607–699° C, consistent with those obtained from the amphibolite. On the other hand, pressures estimated from these metapelites are significantly different, 4–6 kbar and 9–13 kbar, when rim and core compositions of garnet are, respectively, used. These P—T estimates obtained from the amphibolite and metapelite suggest a nearly isothermal decompression of 3–7 kbar during denudation. Rapid decompression is likely on the basis of the results of mineral chemistry, phase equilibria and geothermobarometer. Moreover, in conjunction with the occurrence of kyanite in the adjacent Gyeonggi gneiss complex, P—T estimates of the Chuncheon amphibolite and metapelite suggest a clockwise P—T—t path. This evolutionary path may be related to the amalgamation of continents during the late Proterozoic event which corresponds to the Jinningian orogeny in the Qinling belt of China. 相似文献
218.
219.
Equilibrium Compositions of Coexisting Garnet and Orthopyroxene: Experimental Determinations in the System FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2, and Applications 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We have determined the Fe-Mg fractionation between coexistinggarnet and orthopyroxene at 2045 kb, 9751400?C,and the effect of iron on alumina solubility in orthopyroxeneat 25 kb, 1200?C, and 20 kb, 975?C in the FMAS system. The equilibriumcompositions were constrained by experiments with crystallinestarting mixtures of garnet and orthopyroxene of known initialcompositions in graphite capsules. All iron was assumed to beFe2+. A mixture of PbO with about 55 mol per cent PbF2 provedvery effective as a flux. The experimental results do not suggest any significant dependenceof KD on Fe/Mg ratio at T 1000?C. The lnKD vs. l/T data havebeen treated in terms of both linear and non-linear thermodynamicfunctional forms, and combined with the garnet mixing modelof Ganguly & Saxena (1984) to develop geothermometric expressionsrelating temperature to KD and Ca and Mn concentrations in garnet. The effect of Fe is similar to that of Ca and Cr3+ in reducingthe alumina solubility in orthopyroxene in equilibrium withgarnet relative to that in the MAS system. Thus, the directapplication of the alumina solubility data in the MAS systemto natural assemblages could lead to significant overestimationof pressure, probably by about 5 kb for the relatively commongarnetlherzolites with about 25 mol per cent Ca+Fe2+ in garnetand about 1 wt. per cent Al2O3 in orthopyroxene. 相似文献
220.
The objective of this study was to discriminate between modern beach subenvironments based on textural characteristics obtained using the graphical (percentile) method, the moment method, and the log-hyperbolic distribution (LHD). A total of 126 surface sedimentation units were sampled at the nodes of a 21 x 6 rectangular grid (1000 m2) on a carbonate sand beach, Oahu, Hawaii. Sampling was conducted at low energy conditions from the lower foreshore to the backshore. Non-parametric discriminant analysis was used as an objective tool in defining distinct subenvironments. Confidence bands around the canonical variates derived from the graphic mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis indicated four separate subenvironments (lower foreshore, mid-foreshore, upper foreshore and backshore). Three distinct subenvironments were identified using the mean, sorting (standard deviation) and skewness measures derived by the method of moments. A similar subenvironment distinction was obtained using five statistics of the LHD (gamma, γ; nu ν; delta, δ; tau, τ; and xi, ξ). No significant difference was noted in textural characteristics between the upper foreshore and backshore zones, and these zones were grouped into one subenvironment. These results indicate that different process scenarios would be needed to explain different subenvironment partitioning based simply on the approach adopted. Discriminant analysis indicated that fewer subenvironment samples were misclassified and separation distances between subenvironments in bivariate canonical plots were greater for the standard moment measures compared with the statistics derived from fitting the computationally intensive LHD model. Examination of the mass frequency grain size distributions indicated that the LHD was generally the most appropriate model. These observations were confirmed by the hyperbolic shape triangle which indicated that the LHD rather than the more commonly used log-normal distribution was generally optimal in describing sediments. These results support the use of the LHD statistical measures in subenvironment discrimination over the graphic-inclusive measures. 相似文献