Morphological Evolution and Its Response to the Navigational Improvements in the North Passage,Yangtze Estuary

By use of bathymetric chart,recent change of the riverbed in the North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary has been studied in this paper.The main channel of the upper,middle and lower(section)in the North Passage has been successively eroded and its groin field significantly deposited.At the same time,sediment has been deposited on the entrance region.Erosion and deposition had responded rapidly to the construction of the regulation engineering.There was about one year duration of lagging between erosion in the deep channel and the construction of the regulation engineering.The siltation lag of time in the groin field varied with the initial depth,but the average deposited thickness was about 0.5 m per year.Volumetric analysis demonstrates that there is a increasing trend of siltation in the North Passage after 2002,because of the difference in duration and quantity between erosion in the deep channel and deposition in the groin field.The water volume of the North Passage was reduced by ≈9%(280 million m3)between 2002 and 2006.Sediment budget reveals that the main sediment deposited in the North Passage takes its source from the river and the ocean.The decreasing water volume was attributable to shoaling in the groin field.Its triggering factors for increased sedimentation are the navigational improvements(jetties and groins)after 1998,which altered the passage boundary and destroyed the equilibrium state on the average ebb and flood sediment fluxes.The establishment of a stable estuary is attributed to a reduction in depth of the groin field.The forecast on the sediment deposition quantity and continuous infilling time in the groin system is about 325×106m3 and 6～7 years,respectively.     

南大洋凯尔盖朗海台区的流场结构及季节变化

利用冰-海耦合等密面模式模拟了南大洋凯尔盖朗海台区的环流及其季节变化.对模拟结果的分析表明,该海区的南极绕极流具有非常显着的条带状分布和非纬向性特征.南极绕极流流经凯尔盖朗海台时,在海台的南部、中部和北部表现出不同的形式,其南部的一个分支贴近南极大陆,与西向的陆坡流之间有强的相互作用.海台以北的南极绕极流的变化以年周期为主,海台以南的变化以半年周期为主,其时间变化规律与这里的风应力的变化规律是一致的.     

侧限条件下充填散体压缩承载和传力特性

充填散体的压缩承载和传力特性对防控充填开采矿山的地表变形具有重要意义。通过河卵石、碎石、尾矿、河砂、尾砂5种散体材料和7组不同粒径河卵石的侧限压缩试验,以及河卵石数值模拟压缩试验,分析了其压实过程和粒径对其变形、承载的影响,揭示了散体压缩过程中的传力特性。结果表明：散体压缩过程可分为空隙压密、颗粒破碎压密和压实固结3个阶段,且散体类型和粒径对其非线性压实过程基本没有影响,但对其内部结构重组过程有较大影响;压缩过程中,存在一个临界密实度使不同粒径河卵石的承载能力次序发生反转,且河卵石散体平均变形模量与颗粒特征因子呈负指数关系;基于河卵石数值模拟压缩试验得到的散体内部力链强度分布和“压力拱”,很好地证实了室内压缩试验中散体垂直应力沿加载方向呈递减的趋势,以及侧向应力在整个散体高度上先增后减这一试验结果。     

四川盆地中二叠统天然气成藏特征及巨大勘探前景

近年来,在四川盆地中二叠统钻遇孔隙型白云岩储层,获得一批高产井,呈现出良好的勘探前景,但其勘探潜力如何,能否成为四川盆地继安岳气田之后又一个万亿方大气区亟待明晰。通过对烃源岩特征、沉积特征、储集特征以及成藏模式等方面的深入研究认为,中二叠统具备3套优质烃源岩供烃、孔隙型储层发育、封盖条件好的优越成藏条件,发育自生自储型和下生上储型两套成藏组合。中二叠统发育块状孔隙型白云岩储层和孔隙型灰岩岩溶储层,分布面积大,其储集性能和单井测试产量与安岳气田灯影组相当,勘探潜力巨大,是四川盆地下步寻找万亿方大气区的主要层系。     

登陆台风站点大风预报的人工神经网络方法

利用数值预报格点资料预报登陆台风影响时,沿海地区站点风的预报是各站点的定时二分钟风向风速。通过对MICAPS站点资料进行整合、分析,选取了沿海地区400多个资料比较齐全的站点和海岛站作为预报站点。用NCEP再分析场的格点资料做相关性分析,选定9个预报因子。运用BP网络对每个站点分别建立纬向风和经向风人工神经网络模型,拟合风速的绝对值误差是1.3 m·s~(-1)。独立样本检验,风速绝对误差在2 m·s~(-1)以内。     

西藏南部晚始新世打拉埃达克质花岗岩及其构造动力学意义

打拉二云母花岗岩岩体位于雅拉香波穹隆的东南,侵入到中生代以前的变质岩系(眼球状花岗质片麻岩和石榴黑云母片麻岩)和特提斯沉积岩(页岩和砂岩)中,主要由石英、斜长石、钾长石、黑云母和白云母组成,形成于～44.3Ma。打拉二云母花岗岩地球化学特征表明:打拉花岗岩具有高Al_2O_3(16.0%～17.0%)、Na_2O/K_2O(1.2)以及A/CNK比值(1.05),表明打拉花岗岩为富钠过铝质花岗岩;轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)相对亏损,HREE中的Ho到Lu元素有变平的特征((Ho/Lu)_N=1.11～1.46);具有微弱或无Eu异常,Eu/Eu~*=0.87～0.95;较高的初始Sr同位素比值(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(i)=0.71754～0.71785)和较低的初始Nd比值(ε_(Nd)(i)=-9.15～-12.4)。打拉花岗岩具有高Sr含量(为355×10~(-6)～416×10~(-6))和Sr/Y的比值(59.1～71.5)、高La/Yb比值、低Y及HREE亏损的特征,与埃达克质花岗岩类似。上述特征表明打拉花岗岩是在较高压力条件下,以角闪岩为主的深部岩石部分熔融的结果。     

对“关于电离层反射电波频率变化的问题”一文的意见

本刊第22卷第4期发表了龙咸灵教授等的“关于电离层反射电波频率变化的问题”一文,该文认为K.Davies给出的公式（见下节（1）式）不成立,高频多普勒频移数据不能反映出电波反射面运动的状况。本文中将证明文献[2,3]给出的公式在一定的条件下仍然是正确的,多普勒频移有时能反映反射面的运动。     

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF SOURCES AT THE SURFACE OF A HOMOGENEOUS CONDUCTING HALFSPACE WITH HORIZONTAL ANISOTROPY: APPLICATION TO FISSURED MEDIA*

The electric and magnetic fields generated by horizontal electric and vertical magnetic dipoles lying on the surface of a conducting medium with horizontal anisotropy are investigated. Full expressions of their Fourier transforms are given, and the fields for a vertical magnetic dipole are calculated numerically. The radial and vertical magnetic components are found to be independent of the receiver-transmitter direction, whereas the other magnetic and electric components strongly vary with this direction. These results give useful criteria for defining the direction and amplitude of anisotropy from ground data; a ground experiment on fissured limestone was found to confirm the expected variations of the various field components. It is believed that this electromagnetic method can be used in order to provide information about the direction and amplitude of electric anisotropy.     

Contrasting Sodic and Potassie Glassy Inclusions in Apatite Crystals from an Ijolite

Electron probe analysis of isotropic to weakly birefringentglassy inclusions in apatite crystals within the Usaki ijoliteof western Kenya, indicates that two contrasting compositionsexist. These inclusions are thought to represent samples oforiginal silicate melts. One is rich in K₂O(6 weight per cent),poor in Na₂O(0.3 weight per cent), and oversaturated with respectto silica; and the other is rich in Na₂O(6–14 weight percent), poor in K₂O(0.2 weight per cent), has an antipatheticrelation between Na₂O and CaO (together they usually total 15weight per cent) and is undersaturated with respect to silica.One inclusion shows these two compositions co-existing, apparentlyin an immiscible relationship. Other inclusions show compositionsintermediate between the Na-rich and K-rich types, and theyare interpreted as the result of reduced immiscibility. Thepresence of halides and calcium phosphate is considered to enhancethe immiscibility process. The parental composition, estimatedon a volatile-free basis is: SiO₂ 54.9, Al₂O₃, 27.4, CaO 7.3,Na₂O 3.4, K₂O 6.9, which corresponds to a lime-rich aluminoussyenite.     

基于空间语义角色的自然语言空间概念提取

根据空间信息的特点,从定义的空间语义角色入手,通过语义角色标注、短语识别以及概念模式匹配等手段,具体分析了自然语言中的空间实体、实体间空间关系以及空间过程的表达与提取方法。