滇东南南温河地区深变质岩中似层状白钨矿

滇东南老君山花岗岩体以东的变质岩分布区(南温河地区)产出似层状白钨矿床,赋存在猛洞岩群南秧田岩组及洒西岩组的变质岩中。矿化与南温河变质核杂岩构造的形成、发展、演化关系密切,矿床受核部南温河序列、都龙超单元酸性侵入体及猛洞岩群钙硅酸盐岩(矽卡岩)的控制,具有极好的白钨矿资源潜力。     

陆相断陷湖盆层序对成岩演化控制作用探讨——以东营箕状断陷湖盆古近系沙河街组为例

以层序地层研究为基础,根据铸体薄片、扫描电镜、镜质体反射率、X衍射及地球化学等分析,对东营凹陷沙河街组层序与成岩的关系进行了系统研究。研究结果表明:不同层序部位具有不同的成岩响应,低位体系域主要发育微晶方解石胶结、硬石膏胶结、黄铁矿胶结等,湖盆扩张体系域主要发育有铁碳酸盐胶结、粘土矿物胶结等;高位体系域主要发育有白云石胶结、铁白云石胶结、溶蚀作用、粘土矿物胶结等;层序界面附近主要发育溶蚀现象和铁碳酸盐岩胶结现象。层序发育过程中,原始水介质条件及元素富集规律是引起早期成岩响应的主要因素,并对早期的成岩物质组分造成强烈影响;讨论了层序对成岩演化的控制作用,主要体现在3个方面:a.层序发育控制了原始成岩组分,进而控制后期成岩改造;b.早期成岩作用对层序发育过程具有一定的响应关系,后期成岩改造掩盖了部分成岩响应;c.层序界面通过河流作用、沉积间断减缓压实作用、后期成岩流体的侵入作用对成岩演化造成影响。     

Petrology and Geochemistry of MORB from 25?E to 46?E along the Southwest Indian Ridge: Evidence for Contrasting Styles of Mantle Enrichment

The 1984 PROTEA expedition, leg 5, to the central SouthwestIndian Ridge recovered basaltic lavas from fracture zones andridge segments between 25?E and 48?E. In terms of petrographyand major element variations the samples are unremarkable forocean ridge basalts and range from aphyric to highly plagioclasephyric and from primitive (mg-number = 70) to moderately evolved(mg-number = 40) in composition. Multiply saturated (i.e., olivine,plagioclase, and clinopyroxene) basalts are common within thisregion. There is no systematic difference in compositional characteristicsbetween basalts dredged from fracture zone walls and those dredgedfrom ridge segments, and fractional crystallization has playedan important role in controlling the overall range in lava compositionin both tectonic environments. Incompatible element abundance ratios in the basalts are morenotable and distinguish between geochemically depleted (N-type)MORB with high Zr/Nb (1668) and Y/Nb (4?723) ratios and low(La/Sm)^m, ratios (0-?76–1?00), and geochemically enriched(E-type) MORB with low Zr/Nb (3?4–15?8) and Y/Nb (0?5–8?8)and high (La/Sm). ratios (1?07–3?8). N-type MORB appearsto be absent in the immediate vicinity of Marion Island, butoccurs further along the ridge to the northeast and southwest.Geochemically enriched MORB occurs at scattered localities alongthe ridge but is particularly abundant along the section ofthe ridge closest to the Marion hotspot. In detail, two distinct varieties of E-type MORB can be recognized.The one type has incompatible element and isotopic ratios similarto, although slightly less enriched than, those characteristicof the Marion hotspot (Zr/Nb=5?8–8?6; Y/Nb=0?5–0?8;Ba/Nb=5?1–9?0). The second type can be distinguished byhaving high Ba/Nb ratios (9–22), unlike any lavas directlyassociated with the Marion hotspot, but similar to those characteristicof DUPAL ocean island basalts (OIB). A single sample from thisgroup for which there are isotopic data indicates derivationfrom an isotopically anomalous source region. A model is proposed whereby the sub-oceanic mantle below thisportion of the southwest Indian Ocean has experienced at leasttwo distinct enrichment events. The one is associated with theupwelling of the Marion mantle plume (geochemically characterizedby having low Ba/Nb ratios and normal OIB isotopic ratios).The other is associated with upwelling from a DUPAL source (characterizedby having high Ba/Nb ratio and unusual isotopic ratios) whichhas been proposed to exist beneath this portion of the southwestIndian Ocean (Hart, 1984). On the basis of Ba/Nb and Nb/U ratios,recycled oceanic lithosphere is favoured as a source for theMarion hotspot, while recycled oceanic lithosphere plus ancientpelagic sediment appears to be the most likely source for theDUPAL anomaly and the DUPAL E-type MORB in this region.     

空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状与展望

在梳理相关文献的基础上,从地质遗迹资源保护与开发过程中对空间信息需求的视角,就资源调查与监测、评价与规划、管理与展示3个方面对空间信息技术在我国地质遗迹资源保护与开发中的应用研究现状进行了综述。结果表明:空间信息技术以其在数据获取、处理、分析等方面的优势,日益为地质遗迹资护与开发提供了强有力的技术支撑和科学的决策支持,并呈现多技术集成应用的趋势;今后还应进一步加强与相关技术的深度融合,并拓展在自然资源管理、生态环境监测等方面的应用。     

辽宁本溪中三叠统苏铁类植物华丽尼尔桑的发现

尼尔桑属(Nilssonia Brongniart 1825)是苏铁植物门(Cycadophyta)代表分子之一, 地质历史时期在中国和世界均有着相当广泛的分布. 自1993年孙革报道华丽尼尔桑(Nilssonia splendens Sun 1993)以来, 该种仅见于东亚地区上三叠统. 最近, 在中国东北辽宁本溪中三叠统林家组中, 发现了一对正负面华丽尼尔桑标本, 是该种在中三叠统的首次发现. 该种的主要特征是羽叶的叶轴较细; 裂片的叶脉细而清晰, 略密, 近平行, 基本不分叉, 至顶端微上弯, 每厘米具脉约28条. 本研究根据现有标本及中国吉林天桥岭模式标本所显示的裂片和羽轴上下过渡关系, 对华丽尼尔桑的羽叶进行了重建, 并在此基础上探讨华丽尼尔桑的古地理起源与扩散. 该种在辽宁本溪林家组的发现不仅扩展了华丽尼尔桑的地质历史分布, 丰富了林家植物群面貌, 也有助于进一步了解二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物大灭绝后东北地区植物群的演替和发展.     

Preface to the Special Issue on the 14th International Conference on Mesoscale Convective Systems and High-Impact Weather

<正>A mesoscale convective system (MCS) is an organized cluster of thunderstorms known to be the most important convective mode in causing disastrous high-impact weather, such as heavy rainfall, hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes. The small spatial scale and fast temporal evolution of MCSs make their observation and prediction very challenging. East Asia is home to the world’s most prominent monsoon, setting the stage for various severe convective weather events. MCSs and their associated ...     

基于鲁棒自适应策略的燃气轮机系统控制器设计

太阳能、风能和潮汐能等可再生能源的发电系统,具有间歇性发电的特性.因此,具有快速响应、发电效率高的燃气轮机发电系统,能够在可再生能源发电间歇出现时充当替代系统,不仅稳固电网的负荷能力,还有助于推动可再生能源的发展.由于燃气轮机是一个模型包含未知的复杂非线性系统,目前针对转速环节主要采取传统PID控制技术.然而,实际运行中系统工况发生变化时,控制器参数不能随着这些变化做出相应的调整,使得控制效果欠佳,执行器故障的出现也可能导致系统无法正常工作.因而,本文针对单轴燃气轮机的孤岛发电模式,结合燃气轮机系统特性,基于反步法的设计思路,引入不依赖于系统模型的鲁棒自适应控制策略,并加入容错控制和Nussbaum函数构造转速控制器.在控制器设计过程中融合动态面方法,解决高阶系统中反步法引起的计算爆炸问题.最后,通过仿真,验证了控制器的可靠性.     

A New Method for Calculating the Wind Speed Distribution of a Moving Tropical Cyclone

Based on gradient wind equations,including frictional force,and considering the effect of the movement of a tropical cyclone on wind speed,the Fujita Formula is improved and further simplified,and the numerical scheme for calculating the maximum wind speed radius and wind velocity distribution of a moving tropical cyclone is derived.In addition,the effect of frictional force on the internal structure of the tropical cyclone is discussed.By comparison with observational data,this numerical scheme demonstrate...     

热带太平洋El Ni?o Modoki对中国近海及邻近海域海温的可能影响

1970年代末以后,热带太平洋海区出现了一种类似El Ni?o但又与其有本质区别的现象:El Ni?o Modoki,与其相关的各种海洋大气异常变化给全球气候带来了独特的影响。利用HadISST海温和NCEP/NCAR风场等再分析资料以及相关、回归和合成等统计方法,分析了El Ni?o Modoki与当年各季的中国近海及邻近海域海表温度（SST）的关系。结果表明:（1） 夏季El Ni?o Modoki与同年秋季中国近海及邻近海域的SST有显著的负相关关系,显著相关区域主要分布于黑潮以东的大片海域。（2） 夏季El Ni?o Modoki发生期间,菲律宾北部至中国近海及邻近海域的上空盛行异常偏北风,且热带西太平洋表层暖水东流,这不利于热带西太平洋暖水向中纬度地区的输送。分析结果还表明,海洋环境对风场有滞后的响应以及黑潮向北输送有减弱的现象,而这可能正是夏季El Ni?o Modoki影响秋季中国近海及邻近海域海温偏冷的重要原因。      

建筑物高度对上行闪电触发以及传播影响的数值模拟

为了探讨建筑物高度对单个上行闪电触发以及传播的影响,设定了一个固定的背景电场,并结合自行触发的上行闪电随机放电参数化方案,进行了二维高分辨率上行闪电放电的模拟试验。结果表明:(1)上行闪电在初始阶段分支比较少;发展到离地面2 km左右后,闪电开始出现大量的分支,闪电通道开始出现明显的分叉:一部分通道继续向高电荷密度中心垂直传播,另一部分通道绕过高电荷密度中心,向外水平传播;模拟的上行闪电只能垂直传播到4 km处的负电荷中心,不能穿过0电势线向上方的正电荷区传播。(2)建筑物高度对上行闪电的触发起了关键作用,建筑物越高,越容易触发上行闪电。(3)建筑物高度对上行闪电传播具有一定的反作用,随着建筑物高度增高,模拟出的上行闪电的水平和垂直传播距离都有所减小,通道的分形维数变小,通道传播的总长度也逐渐减小。