Temporospatial changes of carbon footprint based on energy consumption in China

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of productive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.     

晚第四纪柴达木盆地东部古湖泊高湖面光释光年代学

高湖面是湖泊演化的鼎盛期,指示区域的温暖湿润气候。关于青藏高原湖泊高湖面的年代有不同的观点。一种观点(主要是基于14C测年)认为在氧同位素三阶段晚期青藏高原普遍存在"大湖期"或"泛湖期",并且其温度和降水可能比全新世还高。另一种观点(主要基于释光、铀系测年等)认为青藏高原湖泊的最高古湖面出现在氧同位素五阶段,之后湖面逐渐下降。柴达木盆地位于青藏高原的东北部,其高湖面年代的研究可为认识青藏高原环境演化提供基础资料。本文选择柴达木盆地东部的托素湖和尕海湖高出现代湖面的湖相沉积和湖岸砂堤为研究对象,利用石英光释光测年方法建立其年代序列。根据沉积物沉积特征和光释光年代结果认为,尕海湖和托素湖古高湖面出现在82～73ka、63～55ka、34.4ka和全新世早期。通过与青藏高原及周边湖泊高湖面年代记录对比,认为尕海湖和托素湖的最高湖面主体出现在氧同位素五阶段,之后湖面逐渐下降。     

下庄矿区铀成矿条件及找矿新思路

下庄矿区是下庄铀矿田内的老勘探区,前人在该区的主构造带——下庄断裂带深部取得了较好的找矿成果。近年来,对该区进行地表工作及深部钻探研究,有了新的发现:(1)下庄断裂带下盘存在一组与该带走向大致平行,倾向相反,缓倾斜的断裂构造,并且在其中见到新的铀矿化类型和较好的工业矿体;(2)在下庄河沉积覆盖区域找到了隐伏的辉绿岩及硅化断裂构造,为寻找隐伏的"交点型"铀矿提供了依据;(3)在山下村后山402号带、404号带和406号带等深部发现了新的富铀矿体。这些新的发现表明,今后该区的铀矿勘查工作应充分重视平缓的断裂构造组、隐伏辉绿岩以及深部"交点",它们与铀矿富矿体存在密切关系。这也为下庄矿田南部新一轮铀矿勘查工作开辟了新的思路。     

珠江三角洲地区土壤F分布及其与地氟病关系初探

笔者结合珠江三角洲地区和中国土壤含F背景,研究了该区土壤F的含量特征、总体和典型区域的分布状况,对土壤类型、成土母质和土地利用类型等影响因素进行了分析,初步探讨了土壤F与地氟病的关系。结果表明,珠江三角洲地区浅层、深层土壤F平均含量分别为510mg/kg和529mg/kg,其中海(陆)相第四纪松散层区的三角洲沉积潜育性水稻土、三角洲盐渍水稻土、基水地的F含量最高。6760km2的浅层土壤F高背景区广泛分布于平原区,东莞、新会、珠海局部呈现污染区;深层土壤F高背景区5504km2,而污染区都集中在邻海的珠海市高栏、三灶两岛。土壤F的富集在沉积物区明显与第四纪海陆、陆海交互相沉积物有关,在基岩区明显和花岗岩类有关,人类影响较强的土壤和水稻土及其盐渍化有利于F富集。区内地氟病分布于从化、增城、东莞郊区、南海、新会和恩平,病区均位于高F的地层岩石区和土壤高F区。土壤F高背景区生长的农作物F含量存在超标,且病区农作物F超标率和超标倍数大于非病区,表明土壤中F的生物有效量比例较高,土壤F已向农产品中迁移和富集,危及到农产品质量。高F的地质环境是造成本区土壤及其农作物F含量高的主要原因,成为地氟病发生的致病因素。     

赛什塘矿区侵入岩的地球化学特征及构造环境分析

青海赛什塘地区岩体分布普遍,是多期次侵入的结果。岩体主要以高钾、过铝质、同属钙碱性系列为特征,具有较低含量的稀土元素丰度值,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,铕异常不明显,属I型花岗岩。岩体有Y/Tb值高低不同的两个源区,一是由柴达木地块东南缘岩石圈地幔构成的地幔楔形体,另一个是受其它物源污染的岩浆,是岛弧形成过程中不同阶段的产物。矿区内发现埃达克岩,岩体富含成矿元素,为成矿提供了物质条件。     

西藏沙莫棍巴地区资源潜力遥感综合预测研究

文章以西藏自治区沙莫棍巴地区为研究区,针对高寒山区的自然地理条件,利用ETM＋多光谱遥感数据,在充分分析遥感影像特征的基础上,参考已有的区域地质矿产资料,对研究区的地层、岩体、含矿层位、控矿构造和蚀变带（体）进行了遥感地质解译,以及资源潜力综合预测研究,提出了7处找矿预测区,为该区尽快开展地质矿产勘查工作,提高找矿效率,提供了科学依据和目标地。     

基于线粒体COI基因序列探讨鸭嘴舌形贝地理分布

从河北秦皇岛采集的用无水乙醇保存的鸭嘴舌形贝(Lingula anatina)样品中提取了DNA,经PCR扩增后进行克隆,得到了2条长度为682 bp的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶第I亚基(COI)基因片段。调用GenBank中日本有明海和中国香港的鸭嘴舌形贝同源序列,用邻接法和贝叶斯法构建了系统发育树,结果表明:秦皇岛地区的鸭嘴舌形贝与日本有明海的鸭嘴舌形贝形成姊妹群,具有较近的亲缘关系,与香港的鸭嘴舌形贝亲缘关系较远。初步分析认为西太平洋地区鸭嘴舌形贝现有的地理分布并不是由浮游幼虫的扩散引起的,不同地区鸭嘴舌形贝的差异可能跟地理隔离有关。     

珠江三角洲平原广东省佛山市顺德区土壤-蔬菜系统中Pb的健康安全预测预警

分析珠江三角洲顺德区208个蔬菜地表层土样、114个蔬菜样Pb的全量和38个表层土样Pb的形态含量,结果表明,土壤Pb平均值为44.3mg/kg,77.5%的土壤Pb含量超过广东省土壤背景值,蔬菜Pb超标率为74.6%。用2007年蔬菜土壤Pb的累积速率(1.02mg/kg),预测未来10年土壤Pb含量变化趋势,并分别以150、270、300和8580(mg/kg)为阈值对土壤中Pb进行预警,2007—2017年超过150mg/kg的土壤面积比例有所增加,而超过270mg/kg、300mg/kg的土壤面积比例不变。蔬菜Pb与土壤Pb的全量或有效量之间均存在"高原模式"。蔬菜Pb的空间分布表明,3种蔬菜Pb的高浓度主要位于工业比较发达的城镇,这与土壤Pb的空间分布大体一致。经蔬菜途径吸收Pb的THQ靶标危害系数不超过0.4。不同区域、家庭经济收入水平的THQ排序:THQ高THQ城市THQ中THQ农村THQ低,表明经济收入水平高的家庭经蔬菜途径摄入Pb的健康风险最高。     

KEY ROLE OF METALLOGENIC THEORY OF POLYGENETIC COMPOUND ORE DEPOSITS IN LOCATION PREDICTION OF HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS IN DIWA REGIONS

The metallogenic theory of polygenetic compound ore deposit is the Important basis for location prediction of hidden ore deposits in diwa regions.It can play an important role in each step of prediction research,targeting procedure,acquiring information and integrating information.In this paper,the authors discusses how to construct geological concept by using of the metallogenic theory of polygenetic ore deposits for predicting targeting area,to arrange investigation and detection for getting enough useful information,and to analyze and integrate information for reaching a trustful prediction conclusion.According to these strategies,we conduct a successful prediction of location of hidden ore bodies in the outer of the Fenghuangshan copper mine,a principal producing mine in Tongling Cu-Au district.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON METALLOGENESIS OF THE LAMASU COPPER POLYMETALLIC ORE DEPOSIT,XINJIANG

The Lamasu copper polymetallic mineralized region lies in the south of Wenquan County,Xinjiang and in the Northwest lakeside of the Sailimu Lake.Seen from the geotectonic position,it belongs to North Tianshan geodome system,Tianshan diwa region,Central Asian crustobody.Copper and zinc polymetallic ore bodies had been formed in the skarn of the contact,between the metamophic carbonate rocks of the Kuximqiek Group,Jixian System and earlymid-Varisean acidic rockbodies.The formation of the ore deposit was the result of the successive activities of the crust and mantle and the tectonic and magmatic activities.