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排序方式: 共有323条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Alternative water resources in granitic rock: a case study from Kinmen Island,Taiwan 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tai-Sheng Liou Yuan-Hsi Lee Li-Wei Chiang Wayne Lin Tai-Rong Guo Wen-Shan Chen Jeng-Ming Chien 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(5):1033-1046
Kinmen Island is a small, tectonically stable, granitic island that has been suffering from a scarcity of fresh water resources
due to excessive annual evapotranspiration over annual precipitation. Recent studies further indicate that shallow (0–70 m)
sedimentary aquifers, the major sources of groundwater supply, have already been over-exploited. Therefore, this preliminary
study is to investigate the existence of exploitable water resources that can balance the shortage of fresh water on this
island. Site characterization data are obtained from island-wide geophysical surveys as well as small-scale tests performed
in a study area formed by three deep (maximum depth to 560 m) vertical boreholes installed in mid-east Kinmen northeast to
Taiwu Mountain. Vertical fracture frequency data indicate that the rock body is fractured with a spatially correlated pattern,
from which three major fracture zones (depths 0–70, 330–360, and below 450 m) can be identified. Geologic investigations indicate
that the deepest fracture zone is caused by the large-scale, steeply dipping Taiwushan fault. This fault may have caused a
laterally extensive low-resistivity zone, a potential fractured aquifer, near Taiwu Mountain. The middle fracture zone is
induced by the Taiwushan fault and intersects the fault approximately 21 m southeast of the study area below a depth of 350 m.
Slug testing results yield fracture transmissivity varying from 4.8 × 10−7 to 2.2 × 10−4 m2/s. Cross-hole tests have confirmed that hydraulic connectivity of the deeper rock body is controlled by the Taiwushan fault
and the middle fracture zone. This connectivity may extend vertically to the sedimentary aquifers through high-angle joint
sets. Despite the presence of a flow barrier formed by doleritic dike at about 300 m depth, the existence of fresh as well
as meteoric water in the deeper rock body manifests that certain flow paths must exist through which the deeper fractured
aquifers can be connected to the upper rock body. Therefore, groundwater stored within the Taiwushan fault and the associated
low-resistivity zone can be considered as additional fresh water resources for future exploitation. 相似文献
93.
A series of water samples from Steamboat Creek, Nevada, was analyzed for total mercury concentrations. Concentrations from
these waters were 40 to 60 times higher than the pristine mountain streams entering the creek. The major source of the mercury
entering Steamboat Creek is probably from gold/silver processing that took place in the 1860s.
Received: 10 March 1997 · Accepted: 2 September 1997 相似文献
94.
U-Pb isotopic analyses of eight single and multi-grain zircon fractions separated from a syenite of the Diana Complex of the
Adirondack Mountains do not define a single linear array, but a scatter along a chord that intersects the Concordia curve
at 1145 ± 29 and 285 ± 204 Ma. For the most concordant analyses, the207Pb/206Pb ages range between 1115 and 1150 Ma. Detailed petrographic studies revealed that most grains contained at least two phases
of zircon growth, either primary magmatic cores enclosed by variable thickness of metamorphic overgrowths or magmatic portions
enclosing presumably older xenocrystic zircon cores. The magmatic portions are characterized by typical dipyramidal prismatic
zoning and numerous black inclusions that make them quite distinct from adjacent overgrowths or cores when observed in polarizing
light microscopy and in backscattered electron micrographs. Careful handpicking and analysis of the “best” magmatic grains,
devoid of visible overgrowth of core material, produced two nearly concordant points that along with two of the multi-grain
analyses yielded an upper-intercept age of 1118 ± 2.8 Ma and a lowerintercept age of 251 ± 13 Ma. The older age is interpreted
as the crystallization age of the syenite and the younger one is consistent with late stage uplift of the Appalachian region.
The 1118 Ma age for the Diana Complex, some 35 Ma younger than previously believed, is now approximately synchronous with
the main Adirondack anorthosite intrusion, implying a cogenetic relationship among the various meta-igneous rocks of the Adirondacks.
The retention of a high-temperature contact metamorphic aureole around Diana convincingly places the timing of Adirondack
regional metamorphism as early as 1118 Ma. This result also implies that the sources of anomalous hightemperature during granulite
metamorphism are the syn-metamorphic intrusions, such as the Diana Complex. 相似文献
95.
Carlos E. Canosa-mas Mark L. Flugge Dina Shah Alison Vipond Richard P. Wayne 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1999,34(1):153-162
A discharge-flow tube coupled with resonance fluorescence and chemiluminescence detection has been used to investigate the reactions IO + HO2 products (1) and IO + O(3P) I + O2(2), at T = 296 ± 1 K and P = 1.7 - 2 Torr. The rate constants k-1 and k2 have been found to be (7.1 ± 1.6) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and (1.35 ± 0.15) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. 相似文献
96.
97.
Steven R. Bohlen Arthur L. Boettcher Wayne A. Dollase Eric J. Essene 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1980,47(1):11-20
The effect of manganese on the stability of ferrosilite relative to fayalite + quartz has been experimentally determined to assess its importance to orthopyroxene barometry. Reaction reversals in a piston-cylinder apparatus were obtained to within 0.1-kbar intervals indicating instability of Fs95Rh5 below 10.3, 10.9, 11.4, 12.2, 12.9, 13.7 kbar and Fs90Rh10 below 9.8, 10.4, 10.9, 11.6, 12.4 and 13.2 kbar at 750, 800, 850, 900, 950 and 1000°C, respectively. Each mole % MnSiO3 extends the pyroxene stability by approximately 0.12 kbar relative to FeSiO3. Electron microprobe analyses of run products indicate a small preference of Mn for pyroxene over olivine withKDMn-Feopx-oliv = 1.2?1.5, similar to values observed for natural pairs. Mössbauer spectra are consistent with a random distribution of Mn between the M1 and M2 sites in the orthopyroxene. These experimental data allow downward revision of pressure estimates based on the orthopyroxene barometer in areas where Mn is a significant component in orthopyroxene. 相似文献
98.
The patterns of concentration of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) are different and more variable in pore water of soils from a Georgia salt marsh than in most surface waters. Elevated concentrations of DFAA (up to 8850 nmoles liter?1) and high relative levels of alanine and glutamic acid suggest that bacteria may produce these amino acids. In addition to the common protein amino acids, an unidentified compound was present and was the dominant free amino acid in some sections. This compound appeared to be specific to pore waters as it was not observed in surface waters or in hydrolysates of sediments, bacteria or plants from the marsk. 相似文献
99.
100.
An experimental determination of rare earth partition coefficients between a chloride containing vapor phase and silicate melts 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The partitioning behavior of cerium, europium, gadolinium and ytterbium between an aqueous “vapor” phase and water saturated silicate melt have been experimentally examined using a new experimental approach employing radioactive tracers and a double-capsule technique. Equilibrium was established by reversing the partition coefficient1 and by betatrack autoradiography. Aqueous solution compositions were varied by adding different amounts of chloride and in some cases fluoride or carbon dioxide. The H2O contents of the Spruce Pine pegmatite melts were varied by conducting experiments at 4.0 kb, 800°C and at 1.25 kb, 800°C. A jadeite-nepheline composition (75 wt% Jadeite) also was employed at 4.0 kb, 800°C.The chloride experiments (Spruce Pine 4 kb, 800°C) show a linear relationship between the cube of the chloride molality and the partition coefficients of the trivalent rare earths. Europium, under the experimental fO2 conditions (quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer), varied linearly as the fifth power of the chloride molality. At the chloride molalities examined (<1.1 mC1), all the rare earths partitioned preferentially into the melt phase (KPRE <1). Relative to pure water, the presence of chloride and fluoride fon increased the partitioning of the individual rare earths into the vapor phase, while carbon dioxide did not. Europium anomalies were recorded 1n all experiments, particularly those involving the Spruce P1ne melt at 4.0 kb and 800°C which displayed a large positive europium anomaly at all chloride molalities. Furthermore, a relative fractionation of the trivalent rare earths was also observed in these experiments, such that KPCe>KPGd>KPYb. The smaller ytterbium ion was consistently concentrated in the melt phase relative to the other rare earths in all experiments on the Spruce Pine composition. Experiments on the jadeite-nepheline composition showed no relative fractionation and a positive europium anomaly. The 1.25 kb experiment on the Spruce Pine composition showed a negative europium anomaly in plots of KpRE vs. REE.The overall rare earth partitioning at a constant chloride molality (mCl = .914) was such that KPSP(1.25 kb) > KPSP(4.0 kb) > KPJd-Ne(4.0 kb), where SP = Spruce Pine, Jd-Ne = jadeitenepheli Using the model of Burnnam (1975), It is suggested that the trivalent rare earth partitioning is related to the cube of the melt octahedral site concentration; a property which 1n hydrous melts 1s dependent on melt composition and hydroxyl molality. Excellent agreement was found for the Spruce Pine melt, whereas the jadeite-nepheline melt gave apparent hydroxyl molalities which were too high for the measured partition coefficient. Additional octahedral sites are proposed for this unusual composition perhaps due to some aluminum in 6-fold coordination. The apparent compositional variation of europium partitioning at a constant oxygen fugacity is believed to be related to both the octahedral melt site concentration for trlvalent europium and an 8-coordinated site concentration for divalent europium. Any parameter which affects the numbers of these sites (PH2O, melt composition) will affect the rare earth partitioning. The observed dependency of the partition coefficient on the structural state of the melt could be as significant as its dependency on crystalline structural constraints. Furthermore, since PH2O can drastically effect the melt structural state, its effects could be reflected in melt/crystal partition coefficients. 相似文献