Palaeobathymetric model of the Upper Senonian Flysch sediments of a part of the Silesian Basin (Polish Carpathians)

The occurrence of redeposited sediments and foraminiferids within the Upper Senonian deposits of the Silesian Unit (Northern Carpathians) have allowed a reconstruction of a part of the southern slope of the Silesian Basin. Three main zones have been established with specific sediments and associations of foraminiferids; basin plain, slope and upper slope-shelf which correspond to part of the “Recurvoides” and “Marssonella” associations sensu Haig (1979). Nine species of Foraminiferida from the uppermost associations are described.     

Winter anomaly observations at the Panská Ves Observatory (Czechoslovakia), 1971–1973

Summary The results of the winter anomaly observations at the Panská Ves Observatory on 2775 kHz and 2614 kHz (A3 method, f_eq1 and 0.8 MHz) are studied for the winters of 1971/72 and 1972/73. Ionospheric responses to minor (1972) and major stratospheric warmings are found to be different and relatively small. A regular winter-anomaly background absorption increase with a maximum in January was observed during both winters studied. Magnetic storms are found to play an insignificant, if any, role in the winter-anomaly phenomenon. The relation between magnetic activity and ionospheric absorption seems to be better in non-anomalous periods.     

Mechanism of sulfide mineralization through successive metasomatic replacement stages of zoned host dolomite in Cracow-Silesian Zn-Pb deposits (Mississippi Valley type), Pomorzany Mine,Poland

Replacement of dolomite rhombs is zone selective in Cracow-Silesian Zn-Pb deposits. The discussed replacement of dolomite by sphalerite occurs as spotted sphalerite ore constituting about one-fourth of the economic sulfide mineralization of the Pomorzany Mine. Replacement is controlled by two factors, i.e., microporosity and chemical composition. The epigenetic host dolomite rhombs are zoned into three main zones, i.e., the outer rhombohedral rim which is hard and Fe rich with remarkable Zn content, the inner zone which is porous and Zn rich but usually low in Fe content, and the core of the dolomite rhombs which is Fe free but may contain some Zn. Zones rich in Zn were the first to be replaced by sphalerite; the same holds true for zones with higher microporosity showing a high degree of crystallographic disorder of cations. The other zones seem to be intact. There are four successive replacement stages, i.e., partial, moderate, intense, and advanced. During replacement the intact parts become more Zn-rich, consequently being replaced completely in the later stages, the greater the zinc content in the host dolomite is, the more reactive it is to replacement by sphalerite. The liberated iron from replaced Fe-rich zones is fixed as finely crystalline pyrite.     

The “fan” instability as a possible generating mechanism of vlf quarter-gyrofrequency emissions during the recovery phase of a magnetospheric storm

Summary VLF quarter-gyrofrequency emissions, whose experimental characteristics differ from those of discrete plasmaspheric emissions usual during active times, have been observed by low-altitude Intercosmos 24 and Magion 2 satellites within the plasmasphere during periods of quieting geomagnetic activity. A new kind of instability is proposed which could lead to the production of these emissions. It is shown that quasi-electrostatic whistler waves can be generated in the eqquatorial region due to the fan instability, with maximum growth rate and spectral energy density in a frequency band below one half of the equatorial electron gyrofrequency. The observations of low-energy electrons and plasma waves in the equatorial region within or in the vicinity of the plasmapause, which could support our hypothesis experimentally, are discussed.     

Criteria for internal reliability of linear least squares models

An approach to analysis of internal reliability of linear least squares models is presented. It is based on the relationship between a single observational disturbance, i.e. a gross error or a blunder, and the model response being a certain pattern of distortions in the least squares residuals. Rigorous formulae describing this relationship in terms of internal reliability characteristics are derived both for the models with uncorrelated and correlated observations. A specific case of decorrelated observations is also taken into consideration. Finally, the criteria for the evaluation of the model internal reliability are proposed for all the above cases. It is worth mentioning that the criteria are obtained without resorting to any particular method of statistical testing. The theory is illustrated with two numerical examples, using simple measuring schemes.     

On the problem of quasi-electrostatic whistler mode waves: A possible interpretation of discrete plasmaspheric emissions

Summary In a number of VLF experiments with low-orbiting Intercosmos satellites, high-intensity, discrete VLF emissions at frequencies above the local LHR were observed predominantly between L=2.3 and 4.0. The frequency of their intensity maximum varies continuously with geomagnetic latitude, and approximately parallels the value of a quarter of the equatorial electron gyrofrequency. An attempt is made to interprete these emissions in terms of quasi-electrostatic whistler-mode waves, generated in the near-equatorial region and propagating downward in the quasi-resonance mode. The generating mechanism is supposed to be the kinetic instability connected with the loss-cone and temperature anisotropy of the distribution function of energetic electrons. Some features of the discrete plasmaspheric emissions are discussed on the basis of theoretical considerations.

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TL dating of partially bleached sediments by the regeneration method

Thermoluminescence dating of sediments in the Warsaw laboratory is based on blue-to-green emission. The ‘partial bleach + regeneration’ method is proposed for dating sediments which have not been completely bleached at the time of burial. Correct TL ages are reported for sediments covering organic deposits of the Eemian Interglacial and also for glacial sediments of Würm and Riss age. We obtained good results for dating till using the partial bleach + regeneration method. The TL zeroing in till is explained by the ‘rubbing’ or compression of grains beneath the glacier and by the freeze-thaw activity occurring during glacial transport and deglaciation.     

The shock waves and the magnetic field in the corona above the active region on February 17–28, 1969

In this paper the situation above the large active region which passed across the solar disc between February 17 and 28, 1969 is considered. Five dynamical spectra of type II radio bursts registered by CSIRO and by Weissenau Observatory were used. After the elaboration of dynamical spectra, the parameters of shock waves and the values of magnetic field in corona were determined. The magnetic field was obtained using two methods. In the first method the connection between the velocity of shock front and the velocity of the Alfvén waves was used. In the second method the dependence of the frequency split upon the value of the magnetic field was applied.