呼伦湖湿地气候变化及其对水环境的影响

利用呼伦湖湿地所在地区的气象站1961—2005年的气温、降水和蒸发量资料及呼伦湖区域1959—2006年的水体面积、水位深度、水质状况等资料,分析了气候变化及其对水环境的影响.结果表明:呼伦湖地区近45 a来的气候变化呈现气温升高、降水减少、蒸发量增大的暖干化趋势,其空间变化具有较好的一致性,地形是影响气候空间变化的主要因子;呼伦湖地区气候暖干化是造成水资源短缺和水环境恶化及周边地区生态环境荒漠化等问题的重要原因;显著的气候暖干化加速了湖水水面积减少、水位下降和水环境恶化.     

珙县低山区不同震源作用下斜坡地震动响应

在宜宾市珙县五同村布设斜坡地震动监测仪器,采集兴文县3.1级、珙县4.5级及长宁县4.6级地震数据。对监测剖面上1^#、2^#监测点采集到的珙县余震地震动响应数据进行滤波和校正处理,对比分析震级、高程、方位等因素对斜坡造成的地震响应后认为：1）当地震波的半波长与山体某些特定部位之间的距离接近时,斜坡地形与地震波的波峰产生耦合作用,地形放大效应显著,达到参考点的2.765倍,此处山体更容易产生较大幅度的摇晃,造成山体地质灾害;2）分析珙县4.5级与长宁县4.6级地震得出,当地震波沿特殊部位（如山脊等）传播时,地震加速度及阿里亚斯强度更加显著;3）分析地震加速度变化得出,在地震荷载作用下,随着震级的增大,斜坡的加速度响应也会增大;4）随着高程和震级的变化,监测点的地震加速度和阿里亚斯强度随之变化,高程和震级对斜坡的地震动响应具有放大效应;5）在高程和微地貌的耦合作用下,斜坡地震加速度也具有明显的放大效应。     

基于GIS的地震现场灾情调查点选取方法研究———以甘肃岷县漳县6.6级地震为例

为了提高地震现场灾情调查效率,增强灾情调查点选取的科学性和合理性,确保地震现场灾情调查快速、高效开展.在充分考虑地震现场灾情调查任务的紧迫性和时效性的同时,结合地震现场调查区域大、灾情调查任务紧、人员有限等特点,通过采用 GIS空间分析功能,在前期预评估理论影响场以及灾害损失等资料的基础上,对基础地理数据进行时空分析,研究制定基于 GIS的地震现场灾情调查点选取方案.结果表明:合理正确的地震现场灾情调查方法,可以帮助现场灾情调查人员快速、科学的开展灾情调查工作从而大大提高现场灾情调查的效率,为地震烈度图制作和灾害损失评估报告编写提供充裕的时间保障.     

横向非一致地震激励下埋地管道的动力响应分析

为研究埋地管道在地震激励时管-土相互作用的动力响应问题,研发双向层状剪切连续体模型土箱,建立管G土相互作用有限元分析模型,对横向非一致地震激励下埋地管道地震响应进行数值模拟分析,并与试验结果进行对比.结果表明:数值模拟和振动台试验结果中的管道应变峰值均呈现出沿管道中间大两端小的现象,管道中间应变峰值最小达到两端的1．6倍左右;管道加速度、 土体加速度峰值均随着加载等级的提高而增大,涨幅愈加明显,多峰频率由0~10Hz逐渐向10~ 20Hz频域扩散,管道运动更为自由;土体位移随着加载等级的提高呈现逐级增大的现象,在加载等级增加到0．4g 时位移曲线斜率减小,土体非线性表现明显.数值模拟和振动台试验对比分析的结论表明数值模拟分析的合理性和试验结果的可靠性,为研究横向非一致激励对埋地管道地震响应的影响提供了依据.     

青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面碎屑锆石年龄序列及地质意义

青藏高原东北缘古近纪—新近纪地层的精确时代和高原隆升扩展何时影响到东北缘地区一直是地质学家争论的焦点。此次以青藏高原东北缘隆德观音店剖面为研究对象,采用碎屑锆石U-Pb测年方法,结合区域古生物化石鉴定、古地磁测年结果,针对上述两个问题提出了新的认识。测试分析发现,青藏高原东北缘古近系清水营组上部碎屑锆石年龄序列中最年轻的峰值为17.8 Ma,研究得出如下两个认识:清水营组的沉积时代应归属于晚渐新世—早中新世,区域上具有穿时性;青藏高原隆升向东北方向的扩展推挤作用在早中新世时期就开始影响到了海原-六盘山断裂带以西地区,区域上构造-沉积-气候之间具有协同演化的耦合关系。这一研究成果为青藏高原隆升向东推挤扩展影响到东北缘地区的起始时限提供了新的时间标尺。      

The Changhsingian Foraminiferal Fauna of the Meishan D Section,Zhejiang, China,and their Ecostratigraphic Implications

Samples were collected continuously and systematically from Beds 2 to 30 of the Meishan D section, and nearly 4,000 foraminiferal specimens were recognized. In total, 72 species (partially including undetermined species and conformis species) in 34 genera of foraminifers were identified. Twelve foraminiferal community zones were established from Beds 2 to 27 based on the abundance, dominance, diversity, and equitability of the foraminiferal fauna and a functional morphological analysis of the dominant and characteristic species. The habitat type indicated by each community zone and the sedimentary features were used to determine the paleo‐water depths and the relative changes in sea level. We generated curves of both the habitat type and the hydrodynamic conditions, which together indicate the relative changes in the paleo‐water depth and the substrate features in the studied area during the Changhsingian. This study discusses the possible relationship between the foraminiferal community zones and the sea‐level changes based on a statistical analysis of the foraminiferal community zones.     

An adaptive method for clustering spatio‐temporal events

The clustering of spatio‐temporal events has become one of the most important research branches of spatio‐temporal data mining. However, the discovery of clusters of spatio‐temporal events with different shapes and densities remains a challenging problem because of the subjectivity in the choice of two critical parameters: the spatio‐temporal window for estimating the density around each event, and the density threshold for evaluating the significance of clusters. To make the clustering of spatio‐temporal events objective, in this study these two parameters were adaptively generated from statistical information about the dataset. More precisely, the density threshold was statistically modeled as an adjusted significance level controlled by the cardinality and support domain of the dataset, and the appropriate sizes of spatio‐temporal windows for clustering were determined by the spatio‐temporal classification entropy and stability analysis. Experiments on both simulated and earthquake datasets were conducted, and the results show that the proposed method can identify clusters of different shapes and densities.     

济南市土地征收工作探讨

土地征收工作对保障建设、保护耕地、保障被征地农民的利益具有重要作用。随着经济社会发展,土地征收的制度设计出现了一些问题,该文通过探讨分析土地征收在制度层面的缺陷,提出了征地制度改革的一些对策建议。     

Rapid environmental assessment in the South China Sea: Improved inversion of sound speed profile using remote sensing data

Complex perturbations in the profile and the sparsity of samples often limit the validity of rapid environmental assessment (REA) in the South China Sea (SCS). In this paper, the remote sensing data were used to estimate sound speed profile (SSP) with the self-organizing map (SOM) method in the SCS. First, the consistency of the empirical orthogonal functions was examined by using k-means clustering. The clustering results indicated that SSPs in the SCS have a similar perturbation nature, which means the inverted grid could be expanded to the entire SCS to deal with the problem of sparsity of the samples without statistical improbability. Second, a machine learning method was proposed that took advantage of the topological structure of SOM to significantly improve their accuracy. Validation revealed promising results, with a mean reconstruction error of 1.26 m/s, which is 1.16 m/s smaller than the traditional single empirical orthogonal function regression (sEOF-r) method. By violating the constraints of linear inversion, the topological structure of the SOM method showed a smaller error and better robustness in the SSP estimation. The improvements to enhance the accuracy and robustness of REA in the SCS were offered. These results suggested a potential utilization of REA in the SCS based on satellite data and provided a new approach for SSP estimation derived from sea surface data.     

Numerical Simulation of CO2 Concentrations in East Asia with RAMS-CMAQ

The regional air quality modeling system RAMS-CMAQ(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System and Models-3 Community Multi-scale Air Quality) was developed by incorporating a vegetation photosynthesis and respiration module(VPRM) and used to simulate temporal-spatial variations in atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia,with prescribed surface CO2 fluxes(i.e.,fossil fuel emission,biomass burning,sea-air CO2 exchange,and terrestrial biosphere CO2 flux).Comparison of modeled CO2 mixing ratios with eight ground-based in-situ measurements demonstrated that the model was able to capture most observed CO2 temporal-spatial features.Simulated CO2 concentrations were generally in good agreement with observed concentrations.Results indicated that the accumulated impacts of anthropogenic emissions contributed more to increased CO2 concentrations in urban regions relative to remote locations.Moreover,RAMS-CMAQ analysis demonstrates that surface CO2 concentrations in East Asia are strongly influenced by terrestrial ecosystems.