Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation and Monsoon Rainfall

Using the ERA-40 data and numerical simulations, this study investigated the teleconnection over the extratropical Asian-Pacific region and its relationship with the Asian monsoon rainfall and the climatological characteristics of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific, and analyzed impacts of the Tibetan Plateau （TP） heating and Pacific sea surface temperature （SST） on the teleconnection. The Asian-Pacific oscillation （APO） is defined as a zonal seesaw of the tropospheric temperature in the midlatitudes of the Asian-Pacific region. When the troposphere is cooling in the midlatitudes of the Asian continent, it is warming in the midlatitudes of the central and eastern North Pacific; and vice versa. The APO also appears in the stratosphere, but with a reversed phase. Used as an index of the thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific, it provides a new way to explore interactions between the Asian and Pacific atmospheric circulations. The APO index exhibits the interannual and interdecadal variability. It shows a downward trend during 1958-2001, indicating a weakening of the thermal contrast, and shows a 5.5-yr oscillation period. The formation of the APO is associated with the zonal vertical circulation caused by a difference in the solar radiative heating between the Asian continent and the North Pacific. The numerical simulations further reveal that the summer TP heating enhances the local tropospheric temperature and upward motion, and then strengthens downward motion and decreases the tropospheric temperature over the central and eastern North Pacific. This leads to the formation of the APO. The Pacific decadal oscillation and El Nino/La Nina over the tropical eastern Pacific do not exert strong influences on the APO. When there is an anomaly in the summer APO, the South Asian high, the westerly jet over Eurasia, the tropical easterly jet over South Asia, and the subtropical high over the North Pacific change significantly, with anomalous Asian monsoon rainfall and tropical cyclon     

中下扬子二叠纪礁碳酸盐岩成岩作用,孔隙演化及油气评价

本文提出了中下扬子二叠纪礁碳酸盐岩主要作用类型有造礁作用，白云石化作用，胶结作用，溶解作用及裂隙作用，经历了海水，混合水，大气淡水及埋藏成岩环境，按下列序列演化，造礁作用－海水胶结作用－蒸发海水白云石化－淡水渗流带淋溶及潜流带胶结作用一混合水白云石化－浅埋Ｉ胶结，白云化及溶解作用（Ｔ１／Ｐ２）的多期交替－深埋藏胶结（含Ｊ３／Ｊ２古表生构造岩溶作用）一深埋藏溶解－深埋藏白云石化－浅埋藏ＩＩ及表生淋溶     

冰沟门盆地晚二叠世晚期肃南组河流相特征

甘肃冰沟门异常区在晚二叠世晚期肃南组(P_2~s)时发育了两种类型古河流。以大磁窑河为代表的网状支流河,蚀源区铀源丰度低,河床坡降大,流程短,水流急,不利于铀矿化的形成。古梨园河发育的中-晚期为低-高弯蛇曲河,边滩发育,规模适中(河宽<300m),铀源丰富,河水中富含植物碎屑等有机质,铀在沉积一成岩阶段于河流转弯处和主、支流交汇处形成聚集,为后生阶段的工业富集提供了良好的前提。     

黔东前寒武纪-寒武纪转换时期微量元素地球化学特征研究

对黔东丹寨南皋剖面和三都渣拉沟剖面前寒武纪-寒武纪转换时期地层进行了系统的微量元素地球化学研究,结果表明:丹寨南皋剖面的Ba、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Li、V、U等过渡元素和亲硫元素在多金属矿层和牛蹄塘组下部的黑色页岩中明显富集;三都剖面在相同层位也明显富集Cu、Pb、Rb、Ti、Ni、V、Th、Li、Cr、Zr、Sc等微量元素。南皋剖面的δU值和V/(Ni V)值表明老堡组硅质岩为正常海水的弱氧化环境下沉积物,而牛蹄塘组黑色页岩表现出缺氧环境的特征。三都渣拉沟剖面的δU值和V/(Ni V)值表明该剖面的还原条件比丹寨南皋剖面强,暗示着水体也较它深,为缺氧环境,其间在老堡组硅质岩中有两个短暂的充氧阶段,进入渣拉沟组缺氧环境较稳定。除丹寨老堡组硅质岩和三都渣拉沟组中上部钙质泥岩U/Th值小于1,表现出水成沉积岩的地球化学特征外,本次研究的两条剖面的其他黑色岩系的U/Th值都大于1,表现出明显的热水沉积岩的地球化学特征。从我们的研究剖面也可看出下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部的Ni-Mo矿多金属的Ni、V等金属的含量是上地壳的9～10倍之高,U高达近百倍,可作地层对比标志层,即梅树村阶的顶界标志。     

Long-distance atmospheric moisture dominates water budget in permafrost regions of the Central Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Precipitation plays an important role in permafrost hydrology; it can alter the hydrothermal condition of the active layer and even influence the permafrost aggradation or degradation. Moisture recycling from evaporation and transpiration can greatly contribute to local precipitation in some regions. This study selected four monitoring sites and used an isotope mixing model to investigate local moisture recycling in permafrost regions of the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The results showed that the local water vapour flux in the summer and autumn were dominantly influenced by westerlies and the Indian monsoon. Moistures for precipitation in Wudaoliang (WDL) and Fenghuoshan (FHS) mainly came from the western QTP, eastern Tianshan Mountains, western Qilian Mountains, and the surrounding regions. In comparsion, more than half of precipitation at Tanggula (TGL) was mostly sourced from the Indian monsoon. Local moisture recycling ratios at the four sites ranged from 14% ± 3.8% to 31.6% ± 4.8%, and depended on the soil moisture and relative humidity. In particular, the higher soil moisture and relative humidity promoted local moisture recycling, but frozen ground might be a potential influencing factor as well. The moisture recycling ratios of the study area were consistent with the results from both the Qinghai Lake Basin and the Nam Co Basin, but differed from those of the northwestern QTP. This difference may indirectly confirm the great spatial variability in precipitation on the QTP. Moreover, the rising air temperature and ground temperature, increasing precipitation, higher soil moisture, higher vegetation cover, and expanding lakes in the study area may be conductive to enhancing future local moisture recycling by altering ground surface conditions and facilitating the land surface evaporation and plant transpiration.     

北京轨道交通房北线地面控制网复测实施

地面控制网的定期复测工作对于城市轨道交通建设非常重要,结合北京市轨道交通房山线北延工程地面控制网的工程实例,介绍了首级卫星定位控制网、精密导线网、高程控制网的实施方案和技术要求,得到了最新的复测成果.通过两期复测成果的对比,对控制点的使用和更新提出合理建议.     

文登市建立耕地保护和利用长效机制的思考

土地是民生之本、发展之基。在发展阶段的人口大国,土地问题始终是现代化进程中一个带有全局性、战略性的重大问题。严格土地管理,既是贯彻科学发展观,确保经济社会可持续发展的长远大计,也是维护当前改革发展稳定良好局面的当务之急。该文重点围绕文登市开展耕地保护工作基本做法、存在的主要问题以及如何完善耕地保护长效机制对策进行了探讨。     

Estimation of ground temperatures in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from climatic variables

Ground temperature is an important factor influencing ground source heat pumps, ground energy storage systems, land-atmosphere processes, and ecosystem dynamics. This paper presents an accurate development model (DM) based on a segment function: it can derive ground temperatures in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) from air temperature in case of shallow soil depths and without using air temperature data in case of deep soil depths. Here, we applied this model to simulate the active layer and permafrost ground temperature at the Tanggula observation station. The DM results were compared with those from the artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and multiple linear regressions (MLR) models, which were based on climatic variables from prior models and on ground temperatures derived from observations at different depths. The results revealed that the effect of air temperature on simulated ground temperatures decreased with increasing depth; moreover, ground temperatures fluctuated greatly within the shallow layers but remained rather stable with deeper layers. The results also indicated that the DM has the best performance for the estimation of soil temperature compared to the MLR, SVM, and ANN models. Finally, we obtained the three average statistics indexes, i.e., mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and the normalized standard error (NSEE) at TGL site: they were equal to 0.51 °C, 0.63 °C, and 0.15 °C for the ground temperature of active layer and to 0.08 °C, 0.09 °C, and 0.07 °C for the permafrost temperature.