On the saturation of electron-cyclotron masers in solar flares

We consider the relaxation of an unstable distribution of fast non-relativistic electrons. Langmuir turbulence generated by the electrons is found to determine the saturation of an electron-cyclotron maser. The important role of nonlinear processes in Langmuir and electromagnetic waves is shown. The characteristic saturation time is about 1 ms. It is shown that both cyclotron maser emission and the transformation of plasma waves to transverse ones can be essential in the formation of observable radio spectra from solar flares.     

Analytical theory of motion of phoebe,the ninth satellite of saturn

The literal solution of the restricted three body problem obtained by the authors up to the eleventh order with respect to the minor parameter is applied to the investigation of the motion of Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn. As distinct from the existing analytical theories of the motion of the satellite, in the present paper the planetary perturbations are taken into account. A comparison with the modern numerical theory of the motion of Phoebe has shown that the new analytical theory of the satellite motion represents observations with the same degree of accuracy.     

Determination of three-dimensional velocity structure from observations of refracted body waves

Summary. The computational effectiveness of travel-time inversion methods depends on the parameterization of a 3-D velocity structure. We divide a region of interest into a few layers and represent the perturbation of wave slowness in each layer by a series of Chebyshev polynomials. Then a relatively complex velocity structure can be dcscribed by a small set of parameters that can be accurately evaluated by a linearized inversion of travel-time residuals. This method has been applied to artificial and real data at small epicentral distances and in the teleseismic distance range. The corresponding matrix equations were solved using singular value decomposition. The results suggest that the method combines resolution with computational convenience.     

On the problem of active longitudes of sunspots and flares

The active longitudes of indices for sunspot activity and solar flares were detected and investigated by the method of isoline for the period July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1962. In the most active hemisphere of the sun the active longitudes of sunspot and flares appear to coincide. It is shown that the rate of concentration in the active longitudes is the highest for more important formations. Arguments for the reality of the active longitudes of sunspot areas are advanced. In conclusion the question of the influence of the uncertainty of the solar rotation period on the detection of active longitudes of flares is considered.     

钻孔雷达在高放废物处置库场址评价中的应用--以北山1号孔为例

在甘肃北山1号孔中使用钻孔雷达系统进行“单孔反射法”测量,首次获得深达500 m的钻孔雷达数据。采用频率100 MHz的天线在该孔中探测到22个岩石裂隙面,侧向探测半径达20m。北山1号孔钻孔雷达测试的实践表明:钻孔雷达测量是了解岩体内部裂隙延伸和岩体完整性的有效手段,对高放废物处置库场址评价有重要意义。     

Finite element analysis of structure-borne vibration from high-speed train

Finite element analyses were used to investigate the behavior of the building vibration induced by high-speed trains moving on bridges. The model includes the bridge, nearby building, soil and train. Finite element results indicate that trainload frequencies are more important than the natural frequencies of bridges and trains for building vibrations. If the building natural frequencies approach to the trainload frequencies, which equal an integer times the train speed over the compartment length, the resonance occurs and the building vibration will be large. Moreover, the vibration shape is similar to the mode shape of the resonance building frequency. To isolate the building vibration induced by moving trains, this paper investigates three common types of foundations, which include the extension of retaining walls, pile foundation and soil improvement around the building. Soil improvement around the building is the best way to reduce the building vibration both in horizontal and vertical directions.     

Reduction of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emission from Swine Manure Using Aqueous Foams Amended with Microorganisms and Chemical Additives

Aqueous foam, in combination with microorganisms and chemical additives, was tested for the reduction of the emissions of odorous compounds from swine manure. Ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were selected as test compounds. Aqueous foam decreased the ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions by about 33.2 and 66.2%, respectively, after application for 1,800 min. With the application of aqueous foam, amended with 1% of monocalcium phosphate or Yucca extracts, about 81.4 and 51.6%, respectively, of the ammonia emissions were suppressed over the same time period. However, the chemical additives were found to be ineffective in the suppression of hydrogen sulfide. Finally, the aqueous foam, containing microorganisms and the two chemical additives, attained about 88.3 and 70% ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions suppression, respectively. The data show that the aqueous foam was effective in the control ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions, and the suppression capacity can be markedly enhanced by the addition of appropriate microorganisms and chemical additives.     

pH值对土壤重金属污染的影响及其准确测定

近年来土壤污染问题日益严峻,特别是土壤中重金属污染对土壤肥力、植物生长都有着极大的威胁,为了了解pH值对土壤重金属污染的影响及提高测定的准确性,本文系统地分析了土壤pH值与重金属污染物之间的关系,分别讨论了土壤pH值对重金属污染物存在形态、转化迁移及污染治理三方面的影响,并针对土壤pH值测定过程中的影响因素,提出了相应的测定条件及操作方法以保证土壤pH值的准确测定。结果表明,土壤pH值对重金属存在形态、转化迁移及污染治理都有着极大的影响,是土壤重金属污染的重要影响因素,为重金属污染土壤的筛选、判断及后期治理提供参考。