澜沧江-湄公河重金属污染评价及大坝影响(英文)

The resource development and changes of hydrological regime,sediment and water quality in the Mekong River basin have attracted great attentions.This research aimed to enhance the study on transboundary pollution of heavy metals in this international river.In this study,eight sampling sites were selected to collect the bed sand samples along the mainstream of the Mekong River.In addition,the contents of 5 heavy metal elements and their spatial variability along the mainstream of the river were analyzed.The geoaccumulation index(I geo) and potential ecological risk analysis were employed to assess heavy metal pollution status in the mainstream of the Mekong River.The results show that the average content of the heavy metal elements Zn is 91.43 mg/kg,Pb is 41.85 mg/kg,and As is 21.84 mg/kg in the bed sands of the Upper Mekong River,which are higher than those(Zn 68.17 mg/kg,Pb 28.22 mg/kg,As 14.97 mg/kg) in the Lower Mekong.The average content of Cr in the Lower Mekong is 418.86 mg/kg,higher than that in the Upper Mekong(42.19 mg/kg).Luang Prabang has a very high Cr concentration with 762.93 mg/kg and Pakse with 422.90 mg/kg.The concentration of Cu in all of the 8 sampling sites is similar,except for in Jiajiu with 11.70 mg/kg and Jiebei with 7.00 mg/kg.The results of the geoaccumulation index reveal that contaminations caused by Zn and Pb while Pb and As are more than those by Zn in Upper Mekong.Cr is the primary pollutant in the Lower Mekong,especially at Luang Prabang and Pakse.Slight pollution with As also occurs in Pakse.The potential ecological risk index indicates that the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the mainstream of the Mekong River is low.We argue that the pollution of water quality and contamination of heavy metals in bed sediment caused by mining of mineral resources or geochemical background values in the Mekong is not transmitted from the Upper to the Lower Mekong because of the reservoir sedimentation and dilution along the river.     

广东沿海经济带物流发展水平的时空演变和驱动因素

为促进广东沿海经济带物流业的快速发展以及增强经济运行活力,文章以广东沿海经济带15个城市为研究对象,选取经济发展水平、物流发展规模、物流基础设施和信息化水平4个评价指标,采用熵权TOPSIS、马尔科夫链和泰尔指数等方法,分析物流发展水平的时空演变;引入地理探测器,选取交通基础设施水平、经济发展水平、对外开放水平、产业结构、城镇化水平、信息化水平、政府干预水平和区位因素为关联因子,探究物流业发展的驱动因素,并提出政策建议。研究结果表明：广东沿海经济带各城市之间存在发展水平不平衡、不协调和区域差异大等问题,物流发展水平在不同时期和不同阶段呈现不同演变规律,各关联因子随着宏观环境的调整逐渐展现不同的影响力。     

Differentiation of the Agonists and Antagonists of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors(nAChRs) are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are important drug targets for the treatment of neurological diseases. However, differentiation of the agonists and antagonists of the nAChR is difficult. In this study we aimed to develop a reliable and efficient computational approach for differentiation of the agonists from the antagonists of the nAChR based on a systematical analysis of 123 ligands(87 agonists, 12 partial agonists, and 24 antagonists) binding with the extracellular domain of the α7 n AChR chimera. Our results suggest that the ligand size and ligand binding affinity cannot differentiate the agonists from the antagonists of the nAChR. The ligand efficiency that considers both ligand binding affinity and size for the agonists is overall more left shifted in comparison to the antagonists, but the values of the ligand efficiency still cannot differentiate the agonists from the antagonists unless the values are either relatively high(more than-0.3 kcal mol-1) or relatively low(less than-0.45 kcal mol-1). Our results suggest that accurate prediction of the agonist or antagonist of the nAChR is challenging and the ligand innate configuration has to be considered as an extra for differentiation of the agonists from the antagonists of the nAChR.     

2015/2016冬季北极世纪之暖与超级厄尔尼诺对东亚气候异常的影响

利用1980—2016年美国国家海洋与大气管理局气候预测中心的ENSO指数和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了2015/2016年冬季北极增暖和超级厄尔尼诺对东亚气候的影响。2015/2016年冬季热带中东太平洋爆发了超级厄尔尼诺事件,尽管大气环流出现了对ENSO的响应特征(如西北太平洋反气旋异常,东亚南部南风异常),但东亚(尤其是我国东北、华北地区)1月的气温却明显偏低。分析表明,此次东亚气温偏低现象可能与2016年1月北极显著增暖有关。1980—2016年1月再分析资料的统计诊断分析结果显示,巴伦支海—喀拉海气温的升高会引起局地大气的上升运动异常,之后在下游(70~90°E附近)向南运动,并在西伯利亚地区(60~100°E,50~70°N)下沉,使得西伯利亚高压增强,其东侧的北风异常导致东亚气温偏低。基于Nio3.4指数、北极温度指数,采用多元线性拟合所得到的2016年1月东亚气温的回报结果与观测气温之间的空间系数为0.71,表明2016年1月北极增暖以及热带中东太平洋的厄尔尼诺事件能够从一定程度上解释东亚气温偏低的现象。     

冷涡背景下河北雷暴大风环境条件与对流风暴演变个例分析

2017年7月9日河北中南部出现一次区域性雷暴大风天气过程,该过程属于典型的高空冷平流强迫型强对流天气,对流云团先后影响河北中南部的南(Ⅰ)、北(Ⅱ)两个区域。利用常规地面高空观测资料以及卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达、区域自动站与NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,分析了此过程发生的环境条件以及对流风暴的演变特征。结果表明:(1)本次过程发生在蒙古冷涡天气背景下,冷涡后部冷空气与低层暖湿空气在河北南部形成"上干冷下暖湿"的不稳定层结以及较强垂直风切变,区域Ⅰ对流由地形抬升触发,并在高空西北气流作用下向东南方向移动,而区域Ⅱ对流由冷锋直接触发,在平流和传播的共同作用下向东偏北方向移动。(2)造成区域Ⅰ大风的对流系统有飑线、与中气旋伴随的超级单体,飑线成熟阶段后侧入流急流在1 km以下超过31 m·s~(-1),地面大风出现在大风速核前沿、雷暴高压移向的前方和小时正变压中心附近;造成区域Ⅱ大风的对流系统有多种形态,如超级单体、块状回波和飑线,飑线大风出现在阵风锋后侧到小时正变压中心之间。飑线回波强度减弱后冷池密度流、动量下传和变压风共同作用仍可造成地面大风。(3)雷达低仰角径向速度图超过30m·s~(-1)的大风速核配合地面5 hPa以上的小时正变压,风廓线雷达5 km以下的7～10 m·s~(-1)下沉速度伴随1 km以下强的西北风,可作为地面8级以上雷暴大风0～2 h临近预警的参考指标。     

Magmatic and hydrothermal zircon growth during multiple orogenic cycles in an evolving mantle wedge

The Hongseong area of the Hongseong-Imjingang Belt in the central-western Korean Peninsula forms part of a subduction-collision system that is correlated with the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu Belt in China. Several serpentinized ultramafic bodies carrying blocks of metamorphosed mafic rocks occur in this area. Here we investigate zircon grains in serpentinites from Bibong(BB) and Wonnojeon(WNJ), and high-pressure(HP) mafic granulite from Baekdong(BD) localities based on U-Pb, REE and Lu-Hf analyses. The zircons from BD HP mafic granulite show distinct age peaks at 838 Ma, 617 Ma and 410 Ma, with minor peaks at1867 Ma, 1326 Ma and 167 Ma. The Neoproterozoic age peaks in these rocks as well as in the serpentinites suggest subduction-related melt-fluid interaction in the mantle wedge at this time. The older zircon grains ranging in age from the Early to Middle Paleoproterozoic might represent detrital grains from the basement rocks transferred to the wedge mantle through sediment subduction. The BD HP mafic granulite shows a Middle Paleozoic age peak(Devonian; 410 Ma). The 242-245 Ma age peaks in the compiled age data of zircon grains serpentinites from BB and WNJ correspond to a major Triassic event that further added melts and fluids into the ancient mantle wedge to crystallize new zircons. In the chondrite normalized rare earth element diagram, the magmatic zircon grains from the studied rocks show LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with sharply negative Eu and Pr anomalies and positive Ce and Sm anomalies. The REE patterns of hydrothermal zircons show LREE enrichment, and relatively flat patterns with negative Eu anomaly. Zircon Hf signature from the WNJ serpentinite show negative εHf(t)(-18.5 and-23.5) values indicating an enriched mantle source with TDM in the range of 1614 Ma and1862 Ma. Zircons from the BD HP mafic granulite also show slightly negative εHf(t)(average-4.3) and TDM in the range of 1365-1935 Ma. Our study provides evidence for multiple zircon growth in an evolving mantle wedge that witnessed melt and fluid interaction during different orogenic cycles.     

Karlodinium elegans sp. nov. (Gymnodiniales,Dinophyceae), a novel species isolated from the East China Sea in a dinofl agellate bloom

Abstract On May 24–29,2019,a harmful algal bloom occurred in Pingtan coastal areas,Fujian,southeast China,and caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fi sh.Two clonal cultures of an unknown naked dinofl agellate were set up from seawater samples taken during the bloom.The cultures were examined for morphological features,ultrastructure characters,photosynthetic pigments,the large subunit(LSU)of the rRNA gene,and the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)sequences,as well as acute toxicity analysis.The cell was unarmored,small-sized,and ovoid,and was characterized by elaborate striations on the epicone and hypocone.The nucleus was large,ellipsoid to oval or kidney-shaped,and centrally located in the cell.A long linear apical groove originated above the sulcus in the ventral epicone and extended to the dorsal side.An elongate,slit-like“ventral pore”was located on the left of the epicone,well away from the apical groove.The chloroplasts were yellowish brown,numerous,band like,and irregularly distributed in the cell periphery.Fucoxanthin was the main accessory pigment composition.Phylogeny topology reconstructed on partial LSU rDNA showed that the unknown dinofl agellate branched as a sister species to Karlodinium sp.(strain IFR981&IFR797,from France)and Karlodinium corrugatum(strain KDGSO08,from Australia),with genetic divergences of 0.6%and 3.3%,respectively.Based on the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis,we describe the novel dinofl agellate as Karlodinium elegans sp.nov.A toxicity assay revealed that the clonal culture of K.elegans(strain PTB601)had no adverse eff ect on brine shrimp(Artemia salina)and marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma),indicating it may not be a toxic species.     

松嫩平原全新世黑土14C年龄-深度关系空间格局

准确评估土壤有机碳储量及其变化的一个关键,是明确全新世土壤形成年龄-深度关系的空间格局。本文利用松嫩平原12个典型黑土剖面的56个AMS 14C年龄数据,尝试重建全新世黑土14C年龄与形成深度的空间分布模式。结果显示：1）研究区黑土大范围形成时间不晚于8.5 cal.ka B.P.;2）研究区黑土形成年龄的分布由深度40 cm以下阶段性均匀分布转为40 cm以上南北向"三明治"模式（南北老,中部新）;3）研究区黑土形成深度分布在4 cal.ka B.P.之前和降水梯度变化密切相关,4~3 cal.ka B.P.在研究区东南部显著变浅,3~0 cal.ka B.P.几乎阶段性呈均匀分布,而在1~0 cal.ka B.P.研究区近中心区域反而出现低谷。结合区域气候变化、地貌演化和人类活动历史,推测松嫩平原黑土大范围形成与东亚夏季风边缘区全新世早期-适宜期植被大范围生长扩张有关,研究区黑土形成年龄的分布在40 cm以上可能主要受毗邻沙丘活动影响,在40 cm以下可能主要受全新世适宜期稳定气候影响,黑土形成深度的分布可能主要由4 cal.ka B.P.之前的降水控制转变为之后的自然风力侵蚀和人类活动影响。     

Who is the “murderer” of the bloom in coastal waters of Fujian,China, in 2019?

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - On May 24–29, 2019, a bloom occurring in Pingtan coastal areas of Fujian Province caused mass mortality of cage-cultured fish (Plectorhinchus cinctus and...