地下热水开发的几点商榷

地下热水是热储形式之一,目前应在“能得用地热储量”（一般指２０００ｍ以内）范围内寻找。成都平原地下热水属“暂难利用的地热储量”。在众多的地热论证或成果中较少涉及地热资源基本类型对地热开发是不利的。花水湾泉有许多有益的启示,龙门山山前地带值行重视。地热地常规开发程序是必要的应保持它的严肃性。     

内蒙古赤峰地区早二叠世花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征

以赤峰地区铭山复式岩体、尖山子岩体为研究对象,通过锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学研究,确定了其形成时代,探讨了岩石成因和岩浆源区性质及其形成的构造背景。LA-ICP-MS锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U测年结果表明,铭山复式岩体中灰白色斑状黑云二长花岗岩、尖山子岩体中浅肉红色细粒正长花岗岩分别形成于284.4±7.9Ma、294.7±8.5Ma,为早二叠世。根据地质体间接触关系可知,铭山复式岩体中的二长花岗岩岩体和尖山子岩体均为复式岩体,有待进一步解体。斑状黑云二长花岗岩SiO_2含量较高,K_2O+Na_2O含量较高,A/CNK1,属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。细粒正长花岗岩Al_2O_3含量为14.32%~15.14%,Na_2O/K_2O=0.71~0.99,A/CNK=1.17~1.20,在标准矿物中出现刚玉分子。二者微量元素特征相似,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta,具Sr、P、Ti的负异常,表现出岛弧岩浆岩类特征。结合岩石地球化学、区域地质特征,认为赤峰地区早二叠世岩体形成于岛弧/活动大陆边缘构造背景,其形成与古亚洲洋向南俯冲有关。     

RG-1测汞仪软件介绍

RG1测汞仪操作软件使用VC++5.0工具研制,在Windows95下运行。通过AD/DA接口实现对RG1的控制和对基准电压的自动跟踪校正。完全的可视化操作。具有4种可选的标准曲线拟合方法以用于不同浓度样品的峰值和积分值测量,并直接给出汞浓度及各种统计数据     

辽西北票(金-羊)盆地北票组层序地层及沉积体系特征

为揭示北票(金-羊)盆地内北票组层序地层特征及沉积体系分布规律,应用层序地层学及沉积学理论和方法,综合利用野外露头、剖面等资料,建立了北票(金-羊)盆地北票组的层序地层格架,确定研究区的沉积相类型及分布规律。研究结果表明,北票(金-羊)盆地北票组可划分为2个三级层序,其内部可进一步划分为7个准层序组。在层序内识别出冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、湖泊3个沉积相。明确了沉积相的分布规律,向上形成由冲积扇到辫状河三角洲,再到湖相,最后是辫状河三角洲的沉积体系;平面上呈近北西—南东向展布的沉积体系,整体构成2个水进、水退的沉积体系。古地貌影响了底部冲积扇相沉积物的沉积特征。气候不仅影响了沉积物类型,且和湖平面变化共同控制了沉积物的演化规律。     

海南岛,台湾岛河流水化学比较研究

本文对我国两大岛屿——海南岛和台湾岛河流的主要离子化学及河流的物理和化学侵蚀率进行了比较研究,对两岛河流水化学的共同点和差异及其成因进行了探讨。研究表明,无论是河水离子总量,还是物理侵蚀率和化学侵蚀率,台湾岛均显著地高于海南岛。两岛河水中氯离子含量、物理侵蚀率和化学侵蚀率均为东部水系高于西部水系。     

Chemical composition of river particulates in eastern China

A total of 42 aquatic particulate sample:, (suspended matter and < 63 m surficial sediments) was collected from 11 large rivers in eastern China. Contents of both major elements (Al, Si, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Ti, Fe, Mn) and trace elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Co, Ni, V) in the particulate samples were analyzed. The geographic variations of river particulate compositions were studied. The results showed that the Yellow River particulates contained a notably high content of Ca and a low content of Al. Except for the Yellow River, A1 contents in particulates increased from the northern rivers to the southern rivers, while K and Na decreased. Trace elements were relatively enriched in the southern river particulates. The geographic variations seemed to be related to the weathering types and geological background within the river basins. The average composition of river particulates in China was then estimated. Based on the Chinese river data from this paper, as well as on the literature data for other main world rivers, a new estimation of the global average particulate composition was reported. Since the earlier estimations in the literature were not concerned with or at best concerned only with few of the Chinese rivers which contribute a major proportion to the global load of river particulates, this new estimation may be more reasonable.     

山东省临沂市归来庄金矿国家矿山公园矿业遗迹类型与评价

归来庄金矿国家矿山公园的矿业遗迹主要包括:矿产地质遗迹、矿业生产活动遗迹、矿业制品遗存、矿业开发文献史籍和矿业社会生活遗迹五大类。公园内矿业遗迹丰富,类型齐全,组合较好,具有稀有性、典型性、观赏性和科学价值,与自然、人文旅游资源相得益彰,具有较强的外在吸引力和独特的文化内涵。     

弥散系数在非均质多相岩层中的尺度效应

根据渗透系数在多相岩层中的协方差函数,文中首先推导了用以描述溶质在三维模型中运移特征的宏观弥散系数方程,然后导出了纵向弥散系数用来表达该参数的尺度效应。利用一个例子,讨论了宏观弥散随时间的变化趋势,以及同一岩相内转移项和越相转移项对弥散的相对贡献。灵敏度分析指出纵向弥散系数是与岩相平均长度正相关,也与不同岩相的渗透系数的差值正相关,其取值随渗透系数的总方差的增加而增大。     

Chronological and Geochemical Characterisitics of Volcanic Rocks of the Yingcheng Formation in the Southern Songliao Basin: Constraints on the Early Cretaceous Evolution of the Songliao Basin

The discoveries of oil and gas reservoirs in the volcanic rocks of the Songliao Basin(SB) have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, the lack of studies on the genesis of the volcanic rocks has led to different opinions being presented for the genesis of the SB. In order to solve this problem, this study selected the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation in the Southern Songliao Basin(SSB) as the research object, and determined the genesis and tectonic setting of the volcanic rocks by using LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and a geochemical analysis method(major elements, trace elements, and Hf isotopes). The volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation are mainly composed of rhyolites with minor dacites and pyroclastic rocks. Our new zircon U-Pb dating results show that these volcanic rocks were erupted in the Early Cretaceous(113–118 Ma). The primary zircons from the rhyolites have εHf(t) values of +4.70 to +12.46 and twostage model age(TDM2) of 876–374 Ma. The geochemical data presented in this study allow these rhyolites to be divided into I-type rhyolites and A-type rhyolites, both of which were formed by the partial melting of the crust. They have SiO2 contents of 71.62 wt.%–75.76 wt.% and Al2 O3 contentsof 10.88 wt.% to 12.92 wt.%. The rhyolites have distinctively higher REE contents than those of ordinary granites, with obvious negative Eu anomalies. The light to heavy REE fractionation is not obvious, and the LaN/YbN(average value = 9.78) is less than 10. The A-type rhyolites depleted in Ba, Sr, P, and Ti, with relatively low Nb/Ta, indicating that the rocks belong A2 subtype granites formed in an extensional environment. The adakitic dacites are characterized by high Sr contents(624 to 1,082 ppm), low Y contents(10.6 to 12.6 ppm), high Sr/Y and Sr/Yb ratios, and low Mg# values(14.77 to 36.46), indicating that they belong to "C" type adakites. The adakitic dacite with high Sr and low Yb were likely generated by partial melting of the lower crust under high pressure conditions at least 40 km depth. The I-type rhyolites with low Sr and high Yb, and the A-type rhyolites with very low Sr and high Yb, were formed in the middle and upper crust under low pressure conditions, respectively. In addition, the formation depths of the former were approximately 30 km, whereas those of the latter were less than 30 km. The geochemical characteristics reveal that the volcanic rocks of Yingcheng Formation were formed in an extensional environment which was related to the retreat of subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate. At the late Early Cretaceous Period, the upwelling of the asthenosphere mantle and the lithosphere delamination caused by the retreat of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate, had resulted in lithosheric extension in the eastern part of China. Subsequently, a large area of volcanic rocks had formed. The SB has also been confirmed to be a product of the tectonic stress field in that region.     

震源物理实验室“八五”技术改造

由国家地震局地球物理研究所承担的“ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机改造”课题,对震源物理实验室进行了实验系统改造。该文简要介绍了该课题所完成的主要工作及其应用情况,包括：ＭＴＳ－１００Ｔ伺服试验机控制系统、１６通道高速数据采集系统、激光散斑图干涉仪。