连续水闸对河流COD容量的影响

水闸建设对河流产生阻隔作用,改变了河段水流形态,污染物输运及水质时空分布也随之发生改变,进而可能对水环境容量产生影响。本研究以拉萨河城区段为研究对象,考虑水闸建设对水动力学条件的影响,在利用平面二维模型进行水动力-水质模拟的基础上,计算分析了水闸建设前、后COD的水环境容量,探讨了连续水闸建设对河流水环境容量的影响。研究成果表明,水闸修建对水环境容量的影响主要有两个方面：一是水闸蓄水后,水体由流动转变为相对静止的状态,闸前水流流速减缓,水深增加,影响污染物的扩散,降低污染物降解系数,进而影响污染物降解过程;二是水闸蓄水会使污染物在库区滞留,使污染物滞留时间增加,从而提高污染物的降解量。拉萨河水闸修建后,因水闸蓄水影响,流速减缓,污染物向河道中央扩散受阻,易聚集于排污侧;与天然河道相比,蓄水区河段平均流速由0.34 m/s下降至0.10m/s,平均水深由0.6 m增大至2.0 m,COD降解系数由0.12 d^-1下降至0.04 d^-1,下降约67%,污染物滞留时间增大为原来的3倍左右。计算结果表明,在两种影响的综合作用下,1个水闸使研究河段CO...     

Existence of Microsatellites in Expressed Sequence Tags of Common Carp （Cyprinus carpio L. ） Available in GenBank dbEST Database

Common carp expressed sequence tags （ESTs） were analyzed for the existence of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats （SSRs）. In the NCBI dbEST database, a total of 10612 sequences were registered before December 31, 2004. A complete search of 2-6 nucleotide microsatellites resulted in the identification of 513 SSR-containing ESTs, accounting for 4.8% of the total. Cluster analysis indicated that 73 sequences of SSR-containing ESTs fell into 27 groups and the remaining 440 ESTs were independent. A total of 467 unique SSR-containing ESTs were identified. These EST-SSRs contained a vari- ety of simple sequence types, and di- and tri-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant, accounting for 42.1% and 27.9% of the whole, respectively. Of the dinucleotide repeats, CA/TG was the most abundant, followed by GA/TC. BLASTx search showed that 38.1% of the SSR loci could be associated with genes or proteins of known or unknown function. BLASTx searches of SSR-containing ESTs also showed high frequencies （98/179） of hits on zebrafish sequences.     

一种GIS共享图形软件符号的方法

针对GIS平台难以共享图形软件符号的问题,该文以AI符号为研究对象,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法。通过研究两类系统地图符号模型差异,分析AI图形符号与基于路径的点状符号结构,对比两类符号模型的几何结构与样式类型,验证了基于路径点状符号结构的通用性;通过设计AI图形符号数据向基于路径点状符号数据的映射方法,提出了GIS共享AI图形系统点状符号方法,实现了GIS平台对AI图形系统符号的共享。实验结果表明,利用基于路径的点状符号能够共享存在于AI图形软件的图形符号,实现GIS平台共享图形符号资源。     

The impact of changing environments on the runoff regimes of the arid Heihe River basin, China

This study analyzed the inter- and inner-annual variations of discharge regimes in the upper and mid reaches of the Heihe River basin. These variations then correlated with temperature and precipitation variations in the area. The differences between the runoff regimes at the upper and mid reaches were compared, and the human impacts on discharge variations in the Heihe River were discussed. The results indicate that in the upper reaches, the long-term trends and periods of discharge and precipitation correlate well. In the mid reaches, the discharge and temperature trends correlate well, and the short discharge and precipitation periods correlate well. Precipitation increases would generate more runoff in both the upper and mid reaches, but the effects of temperature increases on discharge are different in the upper and mid reaches. Temperature increases would enhance the glacial ablation processes and increase runoff in the upper reaches. However, temperature increases would increase the evaporation and decrease runoff in the mid reaches. After the 1980s, higher temperature enhanced snow and glacial melt, and increasing precipitation increased the discharge in the upper reaches. Although increasing precipitation increased some discharge, great human activities caused a notable discharge decrease in the 1990s in the mid reaches, especially during the spring to autumn when large amounts of water resources were used for irrigation. In summary, both precipitation and temperature impact the availability of water resources in the study area, and active and effective adaptation strategies should be developed to improve the efficiency of water resource exploration and to prevent the desertification processes in the arid Heihe River basin.     

内蒙古西部一次沙尘暴环流背景和动力机制分析

利用相关资料对2009年4月23日内蒙古西部地区发生的沙尘暴天气的环流形势及动力机制进行分析。分析表明:强冷空气活动是本次沙尘暴天气发生的主要原因;造成本次沙尘暴的高空系统是斜压性很强的蒙古横槽及槽后的偏北急流,地面系统是强烈发展的蒙古气旋;从动力机制来看,沙尘暴发生时,由于高层辐合、低层辐散而形成的强烈下沉运动,使得高空偏北急流带的动量下传到地面,中低层波动发展形成的次级环流使动量下传效率更高。高空蒙古横槽南压、转竖是冷空气爆发南下的关键,高空偏北急流带以及与急流出口区相对应的地面蒙古气旋的强烈发展是形成沙尘暴的必要条件,地面冷锋后气压梯度的持续加强会加剧冷空气爆发的速度,强烈的高层辐合、低层辐散使得沙尘暴形成的可能性更大。     

Chromosomal localization of the major ribosomal RNA genes in scallop Chlamys farreri

1IntroductionThe class bivalvia includes many well-knownmarine invertebrate species because they play impor-tant roles in aquaculture.Most cytogenetic studies ofbivalvia have focused primarily on chromosome num-ber and gross morphology(Insua et al.,1998).…     

矩形钢管混凝土柱往复拉压荷载下工作性能试验研究

超高层建筑巨型框架结构的巨型柱在大震作用下有时会出现往复拉压受力情形,为提高巨型柱的抗震能力,目前有的超高层建筑巨型框架结构采用了多腔体钢管混凝土巨型柱。为深入研究这种巨型柱的腔体在往复拉压荷载下的性能退化问题,取这种巨型柱中有代表性的矩形腔体,进行了3个配钢率为7.53%和1个配钢率为3.77%的相同截面矩形柱在往复拉压荷载下的工作性能试验研究。4个试件均沿杆长对中分成左右不同构造的两段,左杆段为有栓钉区段,右杆段为无栓钉区段。通过试验,比较分析了各试件的承载力、刚度及其退化过程、栓钉的作用和破坏特征。给出了抗拉、抗压承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验符合较好。研究表明:在矩形钢管腔体内设置栓钉可明显提高构件的抗拉、抗压工作性能;增加矩形钢管的钢板厚度可明显提高钢板对栓钉的约束能力,从而提高栓钉与混凝土共同工作的性能。     

TJ-2体积式应变仪器网络化实现

为适应中国地震局"十五"前兆仪器总体设计的要求,对TJ-2体积式应变仪实现网络化功能进行了开发.本文介绍了网络化仪器的硬件设计、采用的操作系统和功能软件,并介绍了在TJ-2体积式应变仪仪器上的具体应用.     

山东莱芜胡家庄地区稀土矿流体包裹体特征及成矿条件

胡家庄稀土矿床位于莱芜弧形断裂弧顶的北侧,该文重点研究稀土矿床石英矿物中的流体包裹体特征。研究表明,流体包裹体以气液两相H2O包裹体为主,均一温度主要集中119.1～233.2℃。盐度变化范围大致分布在8.1～22.4 wt%,平均16.2%,成矿流体盐度为中低盐度流体;密度变化于0.9～1.1 g/cm3,平均1.02 g/cm3;成矿压力范围在30～95 MPa,平均62.5 MPa,推断矿床成矿压力环境为中低压环境,矿床成矿深度范围为2.5～3.5 km。     

土壤斥水性及其对坡面产流的影响研究进展

作为土壤性质的一个方面,土壤斥水性可增加局部产流和加剧土壤侵蚀,引起了学者的广泛关注.本文在回顾土壤斥水性的产生原因及时空变化的基础上,总结了近10年土壤斥水性对产流影响的研究结果,主要包括:①通过减小土壤基质势梯度,降低坡面人渗率,增加坡面产流量,并改变产流方式;②土壤斥水性的持续时间和强度是其影响坡面产流过程的关键因素,直接决定产流的时间和数量;③土壤斥水性对产流的影响具有尺度效应,在点、径流小区尺度上,斥水性可增加产流量,但在较大尺度上对产流量的影响不显著.当前,对土壤斥水性的形成及变化规律、斥水性土壤的空间分布和对产流影响的定量研究还不足,尚需要进一步深入,为更好地解释水文过程变化提供理论依据.