舟山绿色石化三维潮流特性数值研究

本文基于MIKE3平台建立宁波、舟山及其附近海域三维水动力模型,通过与实测数据进行潮流验证的基础上,对比了三维模型与二维模型的区别,并主要对舟山绿色石化三期围垦工程实施前后周边潮流场的变化影响进行了预测分析。结果表明:（1）同样的初始条件下,二维模型和三维模型的潮位和潮流验证结果都是良好的,而在某些情况下二维数值结果更接近于实测值;（2）三维垂向上的流速分布呈现出随水深增加而减小的趋势,总体上潮流拟合效果较好,其中0.6H水深以下的流速相对误差结果在10%～15%之间,考虑模型可能受未考虑风场和波浪影响的缘故,局部测站表层计算流速较实测值稍大;而垂向上的流向分布近乎一致;（3）围垦工程前后并未对工程周边潮流场有明显影响,仅在大鱼山岛东北侧、东南侧和西北角受“截弯取直”和小岛屿间水道围堵的影响,有局部潮流形态的改变。整体上看,以顺应岸线方向上的围垦工程布置方案会对局部近岸潮流产生影响,对外海大范围潮流场的影响几乎不计。     

昌马断裂带触冻泥石流的基本特征

根据详细的野外地质调查和地质探槽资料，本文讨论了昌马断裂带融冻泥石流的形态特征，内部结构特征以及雪蚀洼地的特征及其形成机理等问题。     

Large eddy simulation of turbulence in ocean surface boundary layer at Zhangzi Island offshore

This study uses a large eddy simulation （LES） model to investigate the turbulence processes in the ocean surface boundary layer at Zhangzi Island offshore. Field measurements at Zhangzi Island （39°N, 122°E） during July 2009 are used to drive the LES model. The LES results capture a clear diurnal cycle in the oceanic turbulence boundary layer. The process of the heat penetration and heat distribution characteristics are analyzed through the heat flux results from the LES and their differences between two diurnal cycles are discussed as well. Energy balance and other dynamics are investigated which show that the tide-induced shear production is the main source of the turbulence energy that balanced dissipation. Momentum flux near the surface shows better agreement with atmospheric data computed by the eddy correlation method than those computed by bulk formula.     

基于专家经验的振动台控制参数自整定方法研究

地震模拟振动台控制系统的控制参数较多,其参数手动整定费时费力,尤其对于多振动台台阵系统,其手动整定难度很大.基于上述问题,根据专家进行系统调试的经验,提出了一种振动台控制参数自整定策略,分析了手动整定中各参数对系统性能的影响,给出了自整定算法的整定规则,并通过Matlab仿真进行振动台的控制参数自动整定.通过比较自整定参数和理论计算参数下的时频域特性,验证了本文所给出的自整定算法.结果表明,该方法具有简单实用及较好的实用价值,可供振动台参数自整定研究参考和借鉴.     

基于低空遥感地貌观测的逆断层陡坎研究:以张流沟滩断层陡坎为例

活动断层相关地貌特征的定量研究是揭示古地震和断裂属性的重要依据,其中陡坎地貌是断裂活动的重要地貌响应,是有效识别活动断裂的重要地貌标志。近年来,无人机低空遥感观测技术的不断进步,使得高分辨率地貌数据的快速获取成为现实。本研究利用无人机低空遥感地貌观测技术,对张流沟滩处的断层陡坎附近进行高分辨率数字地形数据的采集。断层陡坎位于张流沟滩河流Ⅱ级阶地上,影像采集范围为800 m×400 m的矩形区域。经过一系列的影像处理,最终获取了目标区地面分辨率为0.1 m的DEM(数字高程模型)数据。基于该DEM数据可以提取到正交于断层陡坎的高程、坡度剖面。利用高程剖面所展示的地形地貌信息,可以提取到陡坎高度为(2.81±0.05) m;利用坡度剖面所展示的坡度曲线特征,可以推断该陡坎至少经历过两次断错活动事件,并且陡坎存在向上“凸起样式”。通过探槽解译,确定该陡坎下伏断裂至少发生过两次活动事件,其中较早的地震事件接近(3.68±0.14) ka B.P.,最晚期的地震活动应为1927年古浪8级地震,两次断裂活动累计垂直位移为(2.80±0.2) m。将以上两种研究方法相比较可以发现,探槽结构分析与低空遥感获取的定量化地貌信息分析结果基本一致,均能够有效揭示古地震期次及累计的同震位移量。最终本研究将探槽揭示的地层单元的沉积、构造信息与陡坎坡度数据特征相结合,提出了基于断层传播褶皱模型的“陡坎凸起”地貌响应样式来解释陡坎存在的向上“凸起样式”。实践证明,利用无人机低空遥感地貌观测技术能够定量、半定量化揭示下伏断裂的活动信息,结合传统断裂研究手段,可以更全面解释活动断层的沉积、构造特征及地形、地貌现象。总的来说,无人机低空遥感地貌观测技术的应用可作为传统古地震研究的辅助手段,并有其独特的方法优势。     

Apatite fission track geochronology of the Southern Hunan province across the Shi-Hang Belt: insights into the Cenozoic dynamic topography of South China

The Shi-Hang Belt is a Mesozoic tectonic zone and has always been regarded as the boundary between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. It occupies a key tectonic location and attracts considerable attention due to its dynamic formation mechanism. However, its Cenozoic dynamic process is poorly constrained. The Cenozoic activation of the Shi-Hang Belt, as well as its cooling and exhumation, aids in dating the onset time of the formation of the mountain ranges and reveals the deformation process of the South China Block. To uncover the history of its Cenozoic cooling and denudation, apatite fission-track (AFT) thermochronology was applied to batholiths and strata spread across the Shi-Hang Belt in the Hunan Province. Twenty-three samples are dated with ages ranging from 23.6 ± 1.5 to 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma. Except for two older ages (42.1 ± 2.6 and 45.8 ± 3.0 Ma), the other ages range from 23 to 36 Ma with less variation on both sides of the Chenzhou–Linwu fault. The thermochronological modelling of 15 measured samples demonstrates that rocks rapidly passed through the AFT partial annealing zone to the near surface at different onset times from 36 to 23 Ma. The regional AFT cooling pattern is unrelated to the internal structures of the Shi-Hang Belt characterized by a Mesozoic fold-thrust feature. We attribute the Cenozoic exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt to the dynamic topography of the South China Block, which is related to mantle downwellings and upwellings due to several episodes of quick subduction of the Pacific Plate underneath Eurasia during the Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic and the Oligocene–early Miocene. The far-field effect of the India–Tibet collision may have contributed to the exhumation of the Shi-Hang Belt.     

四川省滑坡灾害气象预警模型建立与验证

四川省滑坡灾害严重,特别是2008年之后,灾情显著加剧,如何预防滑坡灾害是保护人民生命财产安全的有效途径。滑坡灾害的预警模型研究是滑坡灾害预防领域的核心课题。本文对四川省滑坡灾害危险性进行了评价,并开展了滑坡灾害气象风险预警模型研究。①以确定性系数的方法量化坡度、地形起伏度、水文地质岩性、植被覆盖度、地震烈度和年均降雨量因子,建立逻辑回归模型,定量地进行四川省滑坡灾害危险性区划,并对结果进行验证。结果表明,四川省滑坡灾害高危险性区域成“Y”字型分布,此外川中、川东北地区滑坡灾害危险性也非常高,这与四川省滑坡灾害的空间分布情况相符。②在前期滑坡灾害与降雨量统计分析、滑坡灾害危险性评价的基础上,以滑坡灾害危险性评价为静态因子,日降雨量数据为动态因子,通过逻辑回归模型的结果,确定以当日降雨量概率化值、滑坡灾害危险性值、前一日降雨概率化值、前两日降雨概率化值、前三日降雨概率化值为临灾模型影响因子,各因子对预警结果影响程度按上述顺序递减,建立了地质-气象耦合的临灾气象预警模型。通过检验区数据对模型的检验表明,该预警模型能成功预警80%以上的滑坡灾害;通过滑坡灾害群发个例检验发现,该预警模型与四川省现用模型相比,预警区域明显减小,空报率和漏报率显著降低。     

Factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth in the South China Sea: numerical simulations

The mixed layer depth (MLD) in the upper ocean is an important physical parameter for describing the upper ocean mixed layer. We analyzed several major factors influencing the climatological mixed layer depth (CMLD), and established a numerical simulation in the South China Sea (SCS) using the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) with a high-resolution (1/12°×1/12°) grid nesting method and 50 vertical layers. Several ideal numerical experiments were tested by modifying the existing sea surface boundary conditions. Especially, we analyzed the sensitivity of the results simulated for the CMLD with factors of sea surface wind stress (SSWS), sea surface net heat flux (SSNHF), and the difference between evaporation and precipitation (DEP). The result shows that of the three factors that change the depth of the CMLD, SSWS is in the first place, when ignoring the impact of SSWS, CMLD will change by 26% on average, and its effect is always to deepen the CMLD; the next comes SSNHF (13%) for deepening the CMLD in October to January and shallowing the CMLD in February to September; and the DEP comes in the third (only 2%). Moreover, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of CMLD and compared the simulation result with the ARGO observational data. The results indicate that ROMS is applicable for studying CMLD in the SCS area.     

均匀介质n维随机波动的空间结构

研究了均匀介质中n维随机波动的空间结构.导出了外观振幅、波数和相位的联合分布,据此分布,所有与空间有关的波要素的统计分布皆可导出.定义了外观波数谱并得到了其平衡区指数的上界为一(n+2).二维时,海浪外观波数谱平衡区指数的上界与Phillips通过动力学分析导出的Fourier波数谱平衡区指数完全一样.     

海浪外观谱及其平衡域

定义了海浪能量的广义或n阶外观分布,导出了n阶海浪外观谱的解析形式,讨论了n阶外观谱的平衡域.结果表明,n阶外观谱的平衡域指数为-(3+n);平衡域指数上界为-3.任何波动现象,只要Fourier迭加原理和射线理论对它们的描述足够准确,则本文的结论皆成立.