Spatial analysis of the impact of land-use on surface runoff and soil erosion-a case study of western Jilin

IntroductionNever before hasit beensotrue than now,thatlandis ali mitedresource.Population growth and as-sociated human activities,especially agricultureacross the world have not only led to land degrada-tion,but soil loss at rates that have pushed arablesoils to frontier thresholds.In the absence of arablesoil,the human environment would cease to groworeven demise(Ramet al.,2006).Studies haveshownthat in many regions of the world,runoff andsoil erosion differ withland-use type.Judson(1965)re…     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

Research on ground heat exchanger of Ground Source Heat Pump technique

Ground Source Heat Pump technique and its operating principle are described in this paper. Ground heat exchanger is the key technique of ground source heat pump and its pattems are discussed. Software is helpful to design ground heat exchanger. A project of Chinese Ground Source Heat Pump is introduced and its market is more and more extensive.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群水力破裂的岩石学特征及其成因探讨

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群凝灰质泥岩中发育大量凝灰质泥岩角砾。岩芯及透射光显微镜观察发现,这是一种水力破裂体系中流体和岩石作用的产物一水压碎屑岩。水压碎屑岩的岩石学特征表现为：角砾之间具有可拼合性、岩芯横切面上发育大量“T”型垂直裂缝、微细纤维状铁白云石脉对壁生长。水力破裂作用的成因主要与布达特群岩性组合特征、构造-流体作用有关。     

北大西洋多年代际振荡正、负位相期间欧亚夏季副热带波列季节内活动特征及与印度降水的联系

利用美国国家环境预测中心与国家大气研究中心（NCEP/NCAR）逐日再分析资料,针对北大西洋多年代际振荡（AMO）两个不同位相,对逐候200 hPa经向风异常进行EOF分析,发现在AMO正、负位相期间,欧亚副热带波列的季节内活动存在明显差异。利用超前—滞后回归,对比了不同AMO位相下副热带波列及其相联系的印度夏季降水的季节内活动演变特征,分析有关的大气环流,探究波列影响降水的机制。结果表明:在AMO负位相期间,由格陵兰岛以南北大西洋经大不列颠岛、地中海、黑海—里海向南亚北部传播的副热带波列的季节内演变,在印度中部引起下沉,导致中部及西北部季节内降水减少,波列负位相相反;在AMO正位相期间,副热带波列西起冰岛以南北大西洋经丹麦南部、俄罗斯西部、中亚向南亚东北部传播,对应该波列的季节内演变,辐合上升区在印度中部和东西两侧,使得该区域季节内降水增加,波列负位相相反。于是,AMO通过调制夏季欧亚副热带波列的季节内活动,可以对印度夏季降水的季节内变化空间型及演变发挥显著影响。     

徐宿弧形构造对袁庄矿矿井构造的影响机制

以徐宿弧形构造西部外缘带中段闸河复式向斜北部的袁庄矿地质构造为主要研究对象,探讨了徐宿弧形构造对闸河向斜和袁庄矿矿井构造形成的影响机制,并分析了各级构造对煤层、瓦斯及岩浆岩的控制作用。研究表明:在徐宿弧形构造背景下,闸河向斜构造虽处于应力集中区,但因石炭-二叠纪地层软弱,故闸河向斜褶皱发育,逆冲断裂却很少,这与向斜两侧的逆冲断裂系形成鲜明对比;袁庄矿矿井构造秉承了闸河向斜构造特征,以褶皱为主要构造形式;煤层赋存、瓦斯含量及岩浆岩等开采地质条件的特征明显受各级构造形式的影响。研究认为,不同尺度下的各级构造有一定的相似性,但又有各自独有的特征,因此在多级次构造研究中,在考虑区域构造背景的同时还应重视次级构造自身条件的研究。      

Design principle for parameters and interferences of tungsten carbide insert interface on roller bits

The lifetime of roll-bits with inserted tooth will be obviously decreased while drilling in strata and the tungsten carbide can be integrally separated from the roll-cone,which will need more trip out time to replace the roller bit.This study provides an entire analysis on stress as well as strength for teeth and tooth holes in loaded conditions.Qualities of tooth drop from matrix within roller bit.The optimized interferences of teeth inserted into the bit can be reasonably obtained by the critical interference derived from some relevant influence factors on the tooth-fixing quality of roller bits.     

关于煤层气排采动态变化机制的新认识

对于影响煤层气排采动态的几个基本地质问题,从新的视角进行了分析。在此基础上,基于沁水盆地南缘寺河区块3号煤层上覆含水层的水文地质条件和岩石物理性质,模拟了煤层气井排采过程中储层压力降漏斗的大小,求出了储层压力降漏斗影响下煤层气解吸、产出的量值,得到的模拟排采曲线与实际排采曲线变化趋势吻合较好。本文认为,煤层中只有少量束缚水和一些重力水;煤层气井压裂增产形成的压裂缝使得煤层与顶板以上的含水层相互贯通,煤层气排采时抽排的地下水实际上应是煤层顶板上方含水层的承压水;抽水形成承压水头降落漏斗(即储层压力降漏斗),其影响范围内的煤层气得到不同程度的解吸和释放,这就是煤层气排采的动力学机制。     

表面活性剂强化空气扰动修复氯苯污染含水层

通过一维砂柱实验研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对空气扰动技术(air sparging,AS)修复氯苯污染地下水的强化效果.结果表明,SDBS的加入降低了地下水的表面张力,减小了水气两相毛细压力,从而提高了地下水中的空气饱和度.当曝气量为100 mL/min,地下水的表面张力由72.2 mN/m降至49.5 mN/m时,地下水中空气饱和度由13.2%提高至50.1%,而后随着表面张力的进一步降低,空气饱和度不再提高,反而有小幅下降.通过污染物的去除实验发现,SDBS的加入大大提高了氯苯的去除率,且去除率的变化与空气饱和度的变化趋势基本相符.因此,表面活性剂的加入可以作为空气扰动技术一种十分有效的强化手段.      

Analysis of phospholipids in microalga Nitzschia closterium by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

Precise structural identification of phospholipids in the microalga Nitzschia closterium has been established using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS) for direct analysis of total lipid extracts. Mass spectrometry was performed in reflective time-of-flight using electron spraying ionization in negative mode. Phospholipid molecular species identification was based on the characteristic product ions and neutral loss yielded by different phospholipids under ESI-MS/MS mode. The molecular species were confirmed by the carboxylate anions produced by phospholipids in negative mode; the regiospecificity of the two acyl chains was determined from the ratio of sn-1 to sn-2 carboxylate anion abundances. As a result, 18 lipid molecular species were identified for the first time in this microalga, comprising seven phosphatidylcholines (PC), two phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), two phosphatidylinositols (PI), and seven phosphatidylglycerols (PG). Lipid standards of PC, PE, PI, and PG were added to the total lipids as internal standards for semiquantitative analysis, revealing concentrations of phospholipids in this species between 0.09 and 3.37 nmol/mg. This method can produce a full structural profile of intact phospholipid molecular species and can be used for study of the physiological and ecological functions of lipids by monitoring their individual changes over time.