芦岭煤矿地面煤层气开发选区评价研究

芦岭煤矿是我国典型的高瓦斯突出矿井,煤层变形复杂,含气量高,渗透率低,煤层气丰度高,抽采难度大,有利区块优选对于煤与煤层气协调开发至关重要。在深刻剖析构造、煤厚、气含量等储层地质特征、研究影响主采煤层煤层气运移富集地质因素的基础上,运用层次分析法计算出各影响因素的权重,通过综合定量评价．提出煤矿北部C区是地面煤层气开发的最有利块段。     

Sr/Ca and Ca/Ca fractionation during inorganic calcite formation: II. Ca isotopes

Ca isotope fractionation during inorganic calcite formation was experimentally studied by spontaneous precipitation at various precipitation rates (1.8 < log R < 4.4 μmol/m²/h) and temperatures (5, 25, and 40 °C) with traces of Sr using the CO₂ diffusion technique.Results show that in analogy to Sr/Ca [see Tang J., Köhler S. J. and Dietzel M. (2008) Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ and ⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca fractionation during inorganic calcite formation: I. Sr incorporation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta] the ⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca fractionation during calcite formation can be followed by the Surface Entrapment Model (SEMO). According to the SEMO calculations at isotopic equilibrium no fractionation occurs (i.e., the fractionation coefficient α_calcite-aq = (⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca)_s/(⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca)_aq = 1 and Δ^44/40Ca_calcite-aq = 0‰), whereas at disequilibrium ⁴⁴Ca is fractionated in a primary surface layer (i.e., the surface entrapment factor of ⁴⁴Ca, F_44Ca < 1). As a crystal grows at disequilibrium, the surface-depleted ⁴⁴Ca is entrapped into the newly formed crystal lattice. ⁴⁴Ca depletion in calcite can be counteracted by ion diffusion within the surface region. Our experimental results show elevated ⁴⁴Ca fractionation in calcite grown at high precipitation rates due to limited time for Ca isotope re-equilibration by ion diffusion. Elevated temperature results in an increase of ⁴⁴Ca ion diffusion and less ⁴⁴Ca fractionation in the surface region. Thus, it is predicted from the SEMO that an increase in temperature results in less ⁴⁴Ca fractionation and the impact of precipitation rate on ⁴⁴Ca fractionation is reduced.A highly significant positive linear relationship between absolute ⁴⁴Ca/⁴⁰Ca fractionation and the apparent Sr distribution coefficient during calcite formation according to the equation

Δ^44/40Ca_calcite-aq=(−1.90±0.26)·logD_Sr−2.83±0.28     

交通量、车速及交通密度关系分析

对于典型的流量-速度-密度交通流三维模型,由不同的速度-密度关系式,建立易于理解和接受,且更偏重于安全可靠的流量-密度和流量-速度关系模型,从而为交通分析和控制管理提供依据。     

Contribution of Asian dust to soils in Southeast China estimated with Nd and Pb isotopic compositions

Acta Geochimica - Asian dust has been identified in subtropical soils of China. Neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) elemental and isotopic geochemistry of soils in Southeast China were used to assess the...     

可渗透海床单桩孤立波破碎波浪力数值研究

当波浪传播至近岸浅水区时易发生破碎,波浪破碎后水体直接拍击单桩结构,其波浪作用力显著增大,可能导致结构失稳破坏。首先建立包括斜坡海床的数值波浪水槽,并与已有研究进行对比验证。进而开展考虑斜坡海床可渗透性的孤立波数值模拟,分析孤立波传播与浅水化破碎特征,着重研究竖直单桩上破碎波浪力的特性,及其与单桩位置、海床渗透率的关联性。数值研究发现:对于低渗透率海床,随着单桩位置由深水向岸线位置变动,其所受波浪力先增后减,所受波浪力最大的桩体位置随海床渗透率增加而从波浪破碎点前方移动至破碎点后1D处,而在高渗透率海床上不同位置处桩体所受波浪力均较小;随海床渗透率等梯度增加,海床消波作用逐渐增强,波浪破碎进程延缓,波浪破碎点向岸线方向加速移动,单桩上破碎波浪力呈整体下降趋势,但可能因波浪破碎点的位置变动导致部分位置桩体所受波浪力异常增大。     

区域CORS网在PM2.5监测中的应用研究

在雾霾频发的冬季大气可降水量PWV与大气污染物PM_2.5之间存在一定的关联关系,本文通过对河南地区CORS网的GNSS大气可降水量与PM_2.5之间的相关性进行分析并建立了实时监测模型。试验研究发现：河南地区冬季雾霾频发期大气可降水量PWV与PM_2.5之间存在着较强的正相关关系,通过建立的PM_2.5实时监测模型验证了可以依据大气可降水量PWV对PM_2.5进行实时监测,并取得了较为理想的结果,可以为当前进行PM_2.5监测提供一种新的参考。     

气候变化影响下水资源脆弱性评估方法及其应用

气候变化和人类活动影响下的水资源脆弱性评价,是将气候变化影响纳入水资源规划管理、提出缓解气候变化不利影响的适应性对策的重要科学依据。针对与气候变化影响的水资源系统的敏感性和抗压性相联系的脆弱性与适应性问题,提出变化环境下水资源脆弱性评估理论体系和一般性公式。进一步,以水资源供需安全为出发点,采用温度、降雨双参数弹性系数和有水资源基础,直观、简单的水资源关键性指标体系方法,提出气候变化和人类活动背景下水资源脆弱性评估模型。将模型应用于缺水最严重的海河流域,评价了现状和未来情境下流域水资源的脆弱性情况。结果表明:整体上海河流域水资源脆弱性偏高,且平原区较山区更脆弱;气候因素对流域水资源的脆弱性影响明显,未来如不采取措施,海河流域的水资源脆弱性将进一步加重。     

Sr/Ca and Ca/Ca fractionation during inorganic calcite formation: I. Sr incorporation

Partitioning of strontium during spontaneous calcite formation was experimentally studied using an advanced CO₂-diffusion technique. Results at different precipitation rates and T = 5, 25, and 40 °C show that at constant temperature Sr incorporation into calcite is controlled by the precipitation rate (R in μmol/m²/h) according to the individual expressions

     

浅析中国石墨资源供需现状及未来需求

随着科学技术的不断发展,石墨产业将逐渐从传统产业转变为战略新兴产业,成为支撑高新技术发展的重要战略资源。中国是石墨储量大国、生产大国、消费大国、出口大国,使得中国在全球具有举足轻重的地位。2010年石墨烯的发现和近年来对石墨烯的广泛探索研究,因其优异的性能使其在电子、航天、光学、能源、环境、新材料等众多领域展现了广阔的应用前景,使得社会对石墨也越来越受到关注。