低煤级煤与UO22+的吸附络合及亲煤型铀矿成矿过程

针对中国亲煤(煤系)砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程,以不同氧化程度的低煤级煤为研究对象,采用分光光度法研究煤对铀酰离子的吸附络合作用.结果表明,煤对铀酰离子(UO22+)的吸附作用受煤氧化程度、煤种、溶液pH值、环境温度和铀溶液初始浓度等因素影响.脱附实验和红外光谱分析进一步证明,煤中活性官能团与铀酰离子发生了明显的化学吸附/络合作用.基于上述结果,提出了亲煤型砂岩铀矿的成矿过程,为揭示煤与铀矿共伴生关系提供了基础数据.     

Effects of vegetation restoration on local microclimate on the Loess Plateau

With the implementation of the Grain for Green Project,vegetation cover has expe-rienced great changes throughout the Loess Plateau (LP).These changes substantially in-fluence the intensity of evapotranspiration (ET),thereby regulating the local microclimate.In this study,we estimated ET based on the Penman-Monteith (PM) method and Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) model and quantitatively estimated the mass of water vapor and heat absorption on the LP.We analyzed the regulatory effect of vegetation resto-ration on local microclimate from 2000 to 2015 and found the following:(1) Both the leaf area index (LAI) value and actual ET increased significantly across the region during the study period,and there was a significant positive correlation between them in spatial patterns and temporal trends.(2) Vegetation regulated the local microclimate through ET,which increased the absolute humidity by 2.76-3.29 g m-3,increased the relative humidity by 15.43％-19.31％and reduced the temperature by 5.38-6.43℃ per day from June to September.(3) The cooling and humidifying effects of vegetation were also affected by the temperature on the LP.(4) Correlation analysis showed that LAI was significantly correlated with temperature at the monthly scale,and the response of vegetation growth to temperature had no time-lag effect.This paper presents new insights into quantitatively assessing the regulatory effect of vege-tation on the local microclimate through ET and helps to objectively evaluate the ecological effects of the Grain for Green Project on the LP.     

浙江台网MD震级公式的研究

本文利用浙江地震台网记录的近震资料,用多元回归分析法建立了单台和多台统一的持续时间震级公式,并对影响回归方程精度的因素作了分析讨论.文章认为,为了保证 M_D 的精度,必须考虑仪器放大倍数和震中距的影响.误差分析和检验结果表明,本文求得的 M_D 公式可以显著改进震级测量精度和系统偏差,适合浙江台站使用.     

Kinetic Modeling of Diagenesis of Eogene Lacustrine Sandstone Reservoirs in the Jianghan Basin,Southeastern China

In the Tuoshi oilfield,located in the Cenozoic Jianghan Basin of southeastern China ,there have been found hydrocarbon reservoirs hosted in lacustrine sandstones of the Eogene Xingouzui Formation.The main diagenetic features identified in these sandstones include the dissolution of detrital K-feldspar and albite grains,the precipitation of quartz as overgrowths and /or cements ,and the precipitation and /or transformation of clay minerals.These diagenetic features were interpreted to have occurred in early,intermediate and late stages,based on the burial depth.The kinetics of fluid-mineral reactions and the concentrations of aqueous species au each stage of diagenesis were simulated numerically for these lacustrine sandstones,using a quasi-sta-tionary state approximation that incorporates simultaneous chemical reactions in a time-space continuum.During the early diagenetic stage,pore fluid was weakly acidic,which resulted in dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and,therefore,led to the release of K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) into the diagenetic fluid.The increased K^ ,Na^ ,Al^3 and SiO2(aq) concentrations in the diagenetic fluid caused the precipitation of quartz,kaolinite and illite.At the beginning of the intermediate diagenetic stage the concentration of H^ was built up due to the decomposition of organic matter,which was responsible for further dissolution of K-feldspar and albite and pre-cipitation of quartz,kaolinite,and illite.During the late diagenetic stage,the pore fluid was weakly alkaline,K-feldspar became stable and was precipitated with quartz and clay minerals.When the burial depth was greater than 3000 m,the pore fluids became supersaturated with respect to allbite,but undersaturated with respect to quartz,resulting in the precipitation of albite and the dissolution of quartz.The diagenetic reactions forecasted in the numerical modeling closely matched the diagenet-ic features identified by petrographic examination, and therefore,can help us to gain a better understanding of the diagenetic processes and associated porosity evolution in sandstone reservoirs.     

用下降曲线估算废弃矿井煤层气资源量

国外的最新研究成果,认为废弃矿井的甲烷涌出速度对时间的曲线是一条双曲线,而通过对西安分院大量的煤层气钻孔煤心样的解吸数据的分析,发现甲烷的解吸速度与时间的曲线也是一条双曲线.用钻孔煤心现场解吸数据可以近似得到废弃矿井甲烷涌出速度对时间的下降曲线.对废弃矿井甲烷涌出速度对时间的曲线按时间积分到无穷大,可以得到计算时刻的废弃矿井资源量.     

扩展流数据立方体的GIS时空大数据组织方法

针对大数据GIS面临的大规模数据的多源异构动态性与数据存储优化等问题,本文开展大数据背景下的地理时空数据组织与模型研究,提出了一种基于流数据的可扩展立方体处理框架,在典型的流数据二维数据序列基础上,构建增加垂直方向的非结构数据立方体;结合立方体数据组织模型的定义和特征,探讨扩展关系型数据库与协同非关系型数据库的GIS时空大数据组织方法;通过扩展数据源、数据类型及数据操作等属性,突出多源异构地理时空大数据的时空关系和演变过程关系等特征,对地理时空大数据进行数据一体化组织、存储和分析;进而解决地理信息时空大数据的大体量、异构与动态性在GIS数据管理与分析方面的技术瓶颈,并且对GIS时空大数据的有效管理提供科学性方法和解决策略。     

准噶尔盆地准中4区块侏罗系断裂特征及对油气成藏的控制作用

准中4区块位于准噶尔盆地腹部,油气资源丰富,勘探潜力巨大,但勘探程度低。结合断层几何学、运动学及动力学特征,开展了侏罗系断层对油气藏控制作用的研究。结果表明：研究区侏罗系以走滑断层为主,构造样式有4种。D1井—D1井西区域以孤立或雁列式的中等角度逆断层为主,部分正花状构造,表现为早侏罗世拉张,中晚侏罗世压扭;D2井北区域以负花状构造为主,构造环境为张扭;D6井区域以直立缺少分支的走滑断层和负花状构造为主,表现为早侏罗世拉张,中晚侏罗世张扭。从时间上来说,中侏罗世断裂平均活动速率最强,早侏罗世次之,晚侏罗世最弱。从区域上来说,D2井北区域在早中侏罗世断裂平均活动速率最大,在晚侏罗世弱于D1井—D1井西区域,D6井区域在整个侏罗纪时期断裂平均活动速率最弱。同时,探讨了油源断裂、断层相关圈闭、断层侧向封闭性对油气成藏的疏导、富集场所、聚集可能存在影响。     

四川喇叭河自然保护区珙桐群落特征与更新

在对四川喇叭河自然保护区珙桐群落进行生态学调查的基础上,着重分析了该区珙桐群落植物的物种构成、群落结构、重要值排序、simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数,以及珙桐群落的生境条件、更新动态等。研究结果表明：(1)喇叭河自然保护区珙桐群落是一种典型的中亚热带中山山地常绿、落叶阔叶混交林植被;适宜分布于温暖、潮湿、雨量充沛、云雾多、日照少、山陡沟深的地段;(2)珙桐群落植物种类丰富、古老、特有性强;(3)珙桐群落垂直结构明显,珙桐构成建群种;草本层发达;(4)该地区珙桐以有性和无性繁殖更新,但有性繁殖能力很低,以无性繁殖更新为主,群落在其分布区内是一种稳定存在的群落类型。     

新疆于田7.3级地震构造环境探讨

2008年3月21日,新疆于田(35.6°N,81.6°E)发生Ms7.3地震,震源深度33km.这是继2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震后,青藏块体西部边缘发生的又一次7级以上大地震.本次地震距2008年1月9日西藏改则6.9级地震约480km.     

多平台融合的测绘类专业学生创新能力培养

本文以“科技创新”“社会实践”“科技竞赛”三大平台为出发点和落脚点,以测绘类专业学生创新能力培养为目的,通过具体分析多平台构建对测绘类专业学生创新能力提升的实现路径,挖掘多平台协同育人机制,拓展多平台融合对测绘类专业学生创新能力培养的效用,探索适合测绘类专业学生创新能力培养的模式,以期对国内其他地方高校测绘类专业学生创新能力培养提供经验借鉴。