Temperature Tolerance of Large Yellow Croaker, Pseudosciaena Crocea （ Richardson ） Associated with Summer Season

Lethal temperature tolerance was determined for about 8 cm, age 0 Pseudosciaena crocea using both slow heating and rapid transfer protocol. The acclimatization temperature was 28 ℃ with summer season, lethal temperature ( LT50 value ) of slow heating protocol ( CTMax ) was 35.0 ℃, and the upper and lower incipient lethal temperatures of rapid transfer protocol were 34.2 ℃ and 17.5 ℃ respectively.     

Seismic effects of the Caloris basin impact, Mercury

Striking geological features on Mercury's surface have been linked to tectonic disruption associated with the Caloris impact and have the potential to provide information on the interior structure of Mercury. The unusual disrupted terrain located directly at the antipode of the 1500-km-diameter Caloris basin could have plausibly formed as a consequence of focused seismic waves generated by the massive impact event. In this paper, we revisit the antipodal seismic focusing effects of the Caloris impact by developing physically consistent structure models for Mercury and parameterized seismic source models for the Caloris impact. If the focused seismic body waves caused the disrupted terrain, then the amplitudes of the waves and the areal extent of surface disruptions could be used for estimating the seismic energy imparted by the impact.In this study, we show that effects of direct body waves are small relative to those of focused guided waves. Two types of guided waves are produced by the Caloris impact. One is the conventional Rayleigh wave generated by the impact. The second is the mantle guided waves trapped between the core and the free surface. Mantle guided waves, not recognized in previous studies, may have played an important role in the creation of the disrupted terrain. We find that the early core state has only moderate effects on the antipodal response to the Caloris impact. The fact that the zone of predicted disruption for both fluid and solid core cases is smaller than the observed region of chaotic terrain suggests either that the antipodal response to the Caloris impact was modulated by the shallow structure of Mercury, or that the energy imparted by the impact was larger than those used in this study.     

Partial function prediction of sulfate-reducing bacterial community from the rhizospheres of two typical coastal wetland plants in China

Sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) are ubiquitous anaerobic microorganisms that play significant roles in the global biogeochemical cycle.Coastal wetlands,one of the major habitats of SRB,exhibit high sulfate-reducing activity and thus play significant roles in organic carbon remineralization,benthic geochemical action,and plant-microbe interactions.Recent studies have provided credible evidence that the functional rather than the taxonomic composition of microbes responds more closely to environmental factors.Therefore.in this study,functional gene prediction based on PacBio single molecular real-time sequencing of 16 S rDNA was applied to deterrmine the sulfate-reducing and organic substrate-decomposing activities of SRB in the rhizospheres of two typical coastal wetland plants in North and South China:Zostera japonica and Scirpus mariqueter.To this end,some physicochemical characteristics of the sediments as well as the phylogenetic structure,community composition,diversity,and proportions of several functional genes of the SRB in the two plant rhizosphere s were analyzed.The Z.japonica meadow had a higher dis similatory sulfate reduction capability than the S.mariqueter-comprising saltmarsh,owing to its larger proportion of SRB in the microbial community,larger proportions of functional genes involved in dissimilatory sulfate reduction,and the stronger ability of the SRB to degrade organic substrates completely.This study confirmed the feasibility of applying microbial community function prediction in research on the metabolic features of SRB,which will be helpful for gaining new knowledge of the biogeochemical and ecological roles of these bacteria in coastal wetlands.     

氮磷比对浙江近岸浮游植物群落结构影响的实验研究

通过室内受控实验方法研究不同氮磷比(N/P)(1:1,4:1,8:1,16:1,32:1,64:1,128:1和256:1)对浙江近岸秋季浮游植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,不同N/P对浮游植物群落的多样性指数、物种组成及演替过程均有显著影响。实验前期(6~12 d),低N/P组(1:1)H',Ma,J和D_r值均偏小,实验结束时(30 d)8:1和16:1组H',J和D_r值小于其他各组。实验初期(6 d),高N/P组(128:1和256:1)对硅藻生长有明显促进作用,实验结束时8:1和16:1组更适合硅藻生长。此外,各组中浮游植物群落都呈硅藻→甲藻的基本演替规律,外界环境条件的改变较之群落初始物种组成对浮游植物群落的演替顺序更具决定性作用。     

Seasonal variability of phytoplankton community structure in relation to different nitrogen-phosphorus ratios in the southern coastal waters of Zhejiang, China

With the rapid development of economy and increase of population in the drainage areas, the nutrient loading has increased dramatically in the Changjiang estuary and adjacent coastal waters. To properly assess the impact of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton community, seasonal microcosm experiments were conducted during August 2010–July 2011 in the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province. The results of the present study indicated that the chl a concentration, cell abundance, diversity indices, species composition and community succession of the phytoplankton varied significantly with different N/P ratios and seasons. Higher growth was observed in the 64:1 (spring), 32:1 (summer), 16:1 (autumn) and 128:1, 256:1 (winter) treatments, respectively. The values of Shannon-Wiener index (H′) and Pielou evenness index (J) were lower in the 8:1 and 16:1 treatments in autumn test, while H′ value was higher in the 128:1 and 8:1 treatments in winter test. A definite community succession order from diatoms to dinoflagellates was observed in the autumn and winter tests, while the diatoms dominated the community throughout the culture in the spring and summer tests.     

载体角运动对旋转调制惯导系统误差影响分析

针对典型的双轴转停旋转调制系统,从捷联惯导姿态角误差方程出发,理论分析了载体角运动对旋转调制效果的影响。刻度系数误差导致的直流分量误差可等效为不可调制的常值陀螺漂移,对系统的精度水平有较大影响。安装误差导致的交流分量误差可等效为周期振荡的陀螺仪漂移,对系统精度影响较小。仿真结果有效验证了相关分析结论。     

长江口溶解氧赤潮预报简易模式

在海洋浮游生物中,有很多单细胞微小生物,由于异常地急剧繁殖,并高度密集在一起,从而引起海水变色的现象,称谓“赤潮”.目前,普遍认为赤潮的发生与海水中磷、氮等营养盐、铁、锰等微量元素以及某些有机化合物的大量增加有关[l];另外,还与水体的停滞和气象条件密切联系[2,3].赤潮的发生意味着生态平衡的破坏.     

The decay kinetics of residual chlorine in cooling seawater simulation experiments

To find out the decay character of residual chlorine (RC) in the sea water, the concentration of RC was analyzed by N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method under different simulation experimental conditions, in which salinity, temperature, and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were selected. The water used in the experiment was the mixture of aging ocean water, coastal water and extracting solution of coastal sediment at appropriate level. Results are shown as follows:(1) Piecewise function can well reflect the decay dynamics of RC in the cooling seawater. Concretely, the decay dynamics of first 1 min is too rapid to ascertain using a specific kinetic function, and that of the time from 1 to 30 min is fit for the first-order kinetic model. (2) The results could be the foundation of the chemical behavior of RC in seawater, and be used as not only the guidance of the coastal power plants production and sea water desalting companies, but also the establishment of the correlative trade standard.     

Seasonal variations of net-phytoplankton community structure in the southern Yellow Sea

Based on the field survey data of four cruises in 2011, all phytoplankton communities in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) were investigated for the species composition, dominant species, abundance and diversity indices. A total of 379 species belonging to 9 phyla were identified, of which the most abundant group was Bacillariophyta (60.9%), followed by Pyrrophyta (23.7%) and Haptophyta (6.9%). The seasonal distribution of abundance was: summer (4137.1×10³ ind m^?3) > spring (3940.4×10³ ind m^?3) > winter (3010.6×10³ ind m^?3) > autumn (340.8 ×10³ ind m^?3), while the horizontal distribution showed a decreasing tendency from inshore to offshore regions. The dominant species of phytoplankton varied in different seasons. The dominant species were Thalassiosira pacifica, Skeletoema spp. and Chaetoceros cinctus in spring, Chaetoceros debbilis, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and Chaetoceros curvisetus in summer, Thalassiosira curviseriata, Alexandrium catenella and Ceratium fusus in autumn, Paralia sulcata, Phaeocystis sp. and Bacillaria paradoxa in winter, respectively. In SYS, the group of temperate coastal species was the major ecotype, and the groups of the central SYS species and oceanic species were also important constituents. The average values of Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and Pielou evenness index (J) were 2.37 and 0.65 respectively. The indices H’ and J in the open sea were higher than those in coastal waters. Obvious co-variation tendencies between H’ and J were observed in all but the summer cruise of this survey.     

四种主要经济贝类的热忍受研究

对中国 4 种经济贝类--泥蚶 Tegillarca granosa、长牡蛎 Crassostrea gigas、缢蛏Sinonovacula constricta 和贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis Larmark 的临界热最大值(CTMax)进行了室内热效应模拟研究.结果表明:在夏季自然起始水温为 28.0 ℃时, 泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的 48-h CTMax 分别为 39.3 ℃,38.8 ℃,38.3 ℃和 32.2 ℃.泥蚶、长牡蛎、缢蛏和贻贝的热忍受能力分别为泥蚶＞长牡蛎＞缢蛏＞贻贝.