瞬变电磁方法在山西某煤矿区水患调查的应用

由于历史原因,煤炭资源整合矿区老窑采空区分布及积水情况不清,成为煤矿安全生产的重大隐患。利用煤炭采空区电性特征,选择以瞬变电磁勘探为主的大面积勘探,可以发挥其高效率、高精度的特点,辅以其它勘探手段进行综合勘查,能快速有效地确定采空区的位置及赋水情况。本次研究是采用瞬变电磁勘探为主的勘探方法对山西一煤矿区水患情况进行调查。首先根据矿区的测井资料对地电条件进行分析,通过针对性的试验,选择合理的施工参数。利用多种方法将采集数据进行处理分析,得到反应不同地质特征的剖面及平面图件,特别是利用专用软件得到煤层富水性目标分析对比图,更明确直观地反应采空区的位置及富水性。此次水患调查,基本查明了矿区内采空区及积水区位置、范围等情况,部分分析成果得到钻孔验证,证明采用瞬变电磁法勘探为主的勘查手段,在本矿区进行水患调查成果显著,为矿井的水患防治工作提供了可靠的资料依据。     

General elastic analysis of piles and pile groups

This paper describes the development of a boundary element analysis for the behaviour of single piles and pile groups subjected to general three‐dimensional loading and to vertical and lateral ground movements. Each pile is discretized into a series of cylindrical elements, each of which is divided into several sub‐elements. Compatibility of vertical, lateral and rotational movements is imposed in order to obtain the necessary equations for the pile response. Via hierarchical structures, 12 non‐zero sub‐matrices in a global matrix are derived for the basic influence factors. Solutions are presented for a series of cases involving single piles and pile groups. In each case, the solutions are compared with those from more simplified existing pile analyses such as those developed by Randolph and by Poulos. It is shown that for direct loading effects (e.g. the settlement of piles due to vertical loading), the simplified analyses work well. However, for ‘off‐line’ response (such as the lateral movement due to vertical loading) the differences are greater, and it is believed that the present analysis gives more reliable estimates. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

碎部点解析测定法及其精度分析

本文主要介绍了解析测定碎部点的各种方法,简要给出计算步骤及算式,推求了各种方法的点位精度估计公式,提出了应用中应注意的事项。     

The foreshock sequence of haicheng earthquake and earthquake swarm—the use of foreshock sequences in earthquake prediction

We have compared the Haicheng foreshock sequence with several earthquake swarms which occurred in its neighborhood. The spatial distribution of the earthquakes is relatively concentrated. For the most part, the events occurred within a few kilometers of each other. The focal mechanisms are comparatively stable. However, there are several swarms in which the variations of focal mechanisms are quite obvious after the occurrence of the largest event of the sequence, which would allow it to be recognized as a swarm. However, there are also swarms whose focal mechanisms are no less stable throughout the sequence compared to the Haicheng foreshock sequence. This feature could thus not be used to identify a foreshock sequence. The temporal distributions of foreshocks and swarms are quite similar in some cases. This is again not a definite criterion for identifying foreshocks, but is worthy of further study. Thus, no definite criterion for identifying foreshock sequences has been found. However, some earthquake swarms may be recognized in their later stage.Finally, we introduced a magnitude sequence with gaps which can be used to see whether a large event is still forthcoming. This method (in conjunction with other methods) could be used in areas prone to large earthquakes, immediately before a large event, to improve the probability of predicting the occurrence of a large event. We also report that the temporal distribution of all the sequences showed a 12-hour recurrence pattern that corresponded with the earth tides, indicating that tidal forces might be influencing foreshocks and earthquake swarm occurrence.     

厦门港帽铃水母生活史的研究

本文详细描述了厦门港帽铃水母从胚囊期到水螅体的各发育期的外部形态、发育时间与大小,以及附着与变态过程,并对其结果进行讨论。     

新疆层云和层积云冰粒子属性的季节变化

利用CloudSat 卫星资料,选取冰粒子的等效半径（IER）、数浓度（INC）、含水量（IWC）,统计分析了层云、层积云微物理量的垂直分布和季节变化。层云/层积云小粒子（0～50 μm）、中等粒子（50～80 μm）、大粒子（≥80 μm）出现频率分别为18.7%/16.3%、77.6%/62.6%、3.7%/21.2%。在IER 垂直分布上,层云小、中等粒子在云层中部出现较多,层积云小粒子在云层上部出现较多,中等、大粒子在云层中部出现较多。层云/层积云INC低值段（0～50 L^-1）、中值段（50～100 L^-1）、高值段（≥100 L^-1）出现频率分别为90.1%/76.5%、9.6%/19.5%、0.3%/4.1%。在INC垂直分布上,层云低、中值段在云层中部出现较多,层积云低、中值段分别在云层中部、上部出现较多。层云/层积云IWC低值段（0～50 mg·m^-3）、中值段（50～100 mg·m^-3）、高值段（≥100 mg·m^-3）出现频率分别为96.7%/82.8%、3.2%/13.4%、0.1%/3.7%。在IWC垂直分布上,层云低值段在云层中部出现较多,层积云低、中值段分别在云层中部、上部出现较多。     

Numerical and theoretical research on stress distribution in the loosening zone of the trapdoor problem

The traditional theory of soil arching effect was developed on the assumption that stress distribution in the loosening zone is uniform. However, because of the deflection of principal stress' direction, the stress distribution in the loosening zone is actually ununiform. For the evaluation of principal stress axis deflection and stress redistribution, a discrete element method numerical model of trapdoor problem is established for the simulation of soil arching effect. Based on the numerical results, an arc shape of major principal stress trajectory and uniform horizontal stress distribution at the same depth of the loosening zone are adopted. An analytical model is raised to estimate the average loosening earth pressure acting on the trapdoor and stress distribution in the loosening zone at a limit state. In addition, comparison studies are carried out between the predictions of the proposed solutions and discrete element method numerical results as well as available model test results, thereby validating the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in the loosening zone is obviously ununiform. The load acting in the middle of loosening zone is transferred toward two sides so that the vertical stress distribution in loosening zone is concave.