矿石中金的在线固相萃取及缝管火焰原子吸收测定

介绍了将流动注射在线因相萃取预浓集与石英缝管火焰原子吸收相结合测定矿石中金的方法，用ＸＡＤ－８吸附树脂填充的微型柱（１００μｌ）在６ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的流速下，从０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质的试样溶液中浓集金氯络合物，再用乙醇洗脱，最后由火焰原子吸收检测，在采样频率为１０３样／ｈ的流速下灵敏度提高４７倍，分析精度为１．３％，检出限为１．０μｇ／Ｌ；在６５样／ｈ的采样频率下灵敏度提高９５倍，检出限可达０．７     

3–D Tomographic Images and Deep Ore-Control in Northern Margin of the North China Plate

Abstract: 3–D velocity images of the crust beneath the northern margin of the North China Plate have been constructed using P-wave travel time residuals of the latest earthquakes, with the data supplied by Chinese seismic networks.
The seismic image results indicate that there is a lateral heterogeneity in the crust beneath the northern part of the North China block. The velocity images of the upper crust show features closely related to the tectonic features on the surface. It can be seen from these velocity images of the vertical sections, and from the horizontal slice images at depths of 11 and 16 km that there exist East-West and North-East structures. The images indicate that the juncture zone of basin–and–range terrain is between the blue-colored high–velocity block corresponding to the Yanshan mountain range that developed during the Yanshan period in northwest Beijing and the green low-velocity area corresponding to the North China basin in southeast Beijing (Fig. 5). The juncture zone between high-velocity and low–velocity, and EW and NE fault zones have significant ore-control effects. From the chart of epicenters in the northern region of North China, we find that the epicenters of earthquakes are almost entirely distributed within the NE strip. Almost all major earthquakes took place in the transition strip between the high and low-velocity zones in the crust. The distribution of epicenters also reflects the strikes of known NE–faults. From the image sections along the latitude, we find that in the area between 114.0 E –118.0 E , there is a blue high-velocity block standing upright from the Moho to the upper crust (Fig. 6), from which can be deduced that some materials such as magma moved upward from the upper mantle during the history of its geological development.     

Environmental impact of drainage of Dianzi Iron Mine on the groundwater system of the Dawu Water Supply Base

Due to growing water extraction for industry and agriculture, the Dawu Water Supply Base, in the east of Zibo, China, has been in a state of serious over-extraction. It will also be affected by the deep drainage of the Dianzi Iron Mine, which will be exploited in 2005. As to the environmental impact on the groundwater system of the Dawu Water Supply Base is concerned, this paper makes a systematic study about the influence of the mine draining on the water-supply environment of the Dawu Water Supply Base by using the numerical model of groundwater system. The result shows that the groundwater level will have an additional drawdown of 1.2–1.8 m/yr by the mine draining alone. The numerical analysis results indicate that the optimal model for determining the best extraction plan is the solution for the contradiction between water supply and water drainage.     

Spatiotemporal filtering of regional GNSS network’s position time series with missing data using principle component analysis

The existing spatiotemporal analysis methods suppose that the involved time series are complete and have the same data interval. However missing data inevitably occur in the position time series of Global Navigation Satellite Systems networks for many reasons. In this paper, we develop a modified principal component analysis to extract the Common Mode Error (CME) from the incomplete position time series. The principle of the proposed method is that a time series can be reproduced from its principle components. The method is equivalent to the method of Dong et al. (J Geophys Res 111:3405–3421, 2006) in case of no missing data in the time series and to the extended ‘stacking’ approach under the assumption of a uniformly spatial response. The new method is first applied to extract the CME from the position time series of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) over the period of 1999–2009 where the missing data occur in all stations with the different gaps. The results show that the CMEs are significant in CMONOC. The size of the first principle components for the North, East and Up coordinates are as large as 40, 41 and 37 % of total principle components and their spatial responses are not uniform. The minimum amplitudes of the first eigenvectors are only 41, 15 and 29 % for the North, East and Up coordinate components, respectively. The extracted CMEs of our method are close to the data filling method, and the Root Mean Squared error (RMS) values computed from the differences of maximum CMEs between two methods are only 0.31, 0.52 and 1.55 mm for North, East and Up coordinates, respectively. The RMS of the position time series is greatly reduced after filtering out the CMEs. The accuracies of the reconstructed missing data using the two methods are also comparable. To further comprehensively test the efficiency of our method, the repeated experiments are then carried out by randomly deleting different percentages of data at some stations. The results show that the CMEs can be extracted with high accuracy at the non missing-data epochs. And at the missing-data epochs, the accuracy of extracted CMEs has a strong dependence on the number of stations with missing data.     

任楼矿井72煤层断层构造分形特征研究

利用分形理论,对安徽皖北任搂煤矿72煤层断层分形特征进行了研究,计算了不同构造分区的维数。研究发现构造复杂性不同及断裂性质的不同其分形维数也有所不同,构造简单,断层分维数小,而构造复杂区,断层分为数相对较大;剪切断裂带具有较低的分维值,张扭性断裂带分维值较高。     

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

The geochemical characteristics of melt inclusions and their host olivines provide important information on the processes that create magmas and the nature of their mantle and crustal source regions. We report chemical compositions of melt inclusions, their host olivines and bulk rocks of Xindian basalts in Chifeng area, North China Craton. Compositions of both bulk rocks and melt inclusions are tholeiitic. Based on petrographic observations and compositional variation of melt inclusions, the crystallizing sequence of Xindian basalts is as follows: olivine (at MgO > ~5.5 wt%), plagioclase (beginning at MgO = ~5.5 wt%), clinopyroxene and ilmenite (at MgO < 5.0 wt%). High Ni contents and Fe/Mn ratios, and low Ca and Mn contents in olivine phenocrysts, combining with low CaO contents of relatively high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6 wt%), indicate that Xindian basalts are possibly derived from a pyroxenite source rather than a peridotite source. In the CS-MS-A diagram, all the high MgO melt inclusions (MgO > 6.0 wt%) project in the field between garnet + clinopyroxene + liquid and garnet + clinopyroxene + orthopyroxene + liquid near 3.0 GPa, further suggesting that residual minerals are mainly garnet and clinopyroxene, with possible presence of orthopyroxene, but without olivine. Modeling calculations using MELTS show that the water content of Xindian basalts is 0.3–0.7 wt% at MgO = 8.13 wt%. Using 20–25 % of partial melting estimated by moderately incompatible element ratios, the water content in the source of Xindian basalts is inferred to be ≥450 ppm, much higher than 6–85 ppm in dry lithospheric mantle. The melting depth is inferred to be ~3.0 GPa, much deeper than that of tholeiitic lavas (<2.0 GPa), assuming a peridotite source with a normal mantle potential temperature. Such melting depth is virtually equal to the thickness of lithosphere beneath Chifeng area (~100 km), suggesting that Xindian basalts are derived from the asthenospheric mantle, if the lithospheric lid effect model is assumed.     

Rapid estimation of maximum and minimum void ratios of granular soils

Maximum and minimum void ratios (e_max and e_min) of granular soils are commonly used as indicators of many engineering properties. However, few methods, apart from laboratory tests, are available to provide a rapid estimation of both e_max and e_min. In this study, we present a theoretical model to map the densest and the loosest packing configurations of granular soils onto the void space. A corresponding numerical procedure that can predict both e_max and e_min of granular soils with arbitrary grain size distributions is proposed. The capacity of the proposed method is evaluated by predicting the maximum and minimum void ratios of medium to fine mixed graded sands with different contents of fines. The influence of the grain size distribution, characterized quantitatively by uniformity parameter and the fractal dimension, on e_max and e_min is discussed using the proposed method. Moreover, application of this method in understanding the controlling mechanism for the void ratio change during grain crushing is presented.

     

渤海、黄海强温跃层数值预报模式

文中对前人关于水温垂直结构计算、模拟和预报研究成果进行了评价，并在此基础上建立了考虑海面吸收辐射和透射辐射、地形、风、海流、界面摩擦及其引起的混合作用的强温跃层三维数值预报模式。该模式运行的驱动量仅为风和气温场资料，因而具有较好的实用性；此外，从试报的结果看，效果是令人满意的。     

Parameterization of Sheared Convective Entrainment in the First-Order Jump Model: Evaluation Through Large-Eddy Simulation

In this note, two different approaches are used to estimate the entrainment-flux to surface-flux ratio for a sheared convective boundary layer (CBL); both are derived under the framework of the first-order jump model (FOM). That suggested by Sun and Wang (SW approach) has the advantage that there is no empirical constant included, though the dynamics are described in an implicit manner. The second, which was proposed by Kim et al. and Pino et al. (KP approach), explicitly characterizes the dynamics of the sheared entrainment, but uncertainties are induced through the empirical constants. Their performances in parameterizing the CBL growth rate are compared and discussed, and a new value of the parameter A ₃ in the KP approach is suggested. Large-eddy simulation (LES) data are employed to test both approaches: simulations are conducted for the CBL growing under varying conditions of surface roughness, free-atmospheric stratification, and wind shear, and data used when the turbulence is in steady state. The predicted entrainment rates in each case are tested against the LES data. The results show that the SW approach describes the evolution of the sheared CBL quite well, and the KP approach also reproduces the growth of the CBL reasonably, so long as the value of A ₃ is modified to 0.6.     

通渝隧道围岩变形的神经网络预测

隧道新奥法施工中 ,常以围岩变形量作为评判围岩稳定性和支护结构经济合理性的重要指标。公路隧道围岩变形量是随时间而变化的数据序列 ,因而可以建立一些实时跟踪预测模型和方法。根据通渝隧道围岩拱顶下沉位移变形的特性 ,采用神经网络技术来预测其变形量 ,结果表明该方法简易、有效