太湖入湖河口和开敞区CDOM吸收和三维荧光特征

应用吸收和三维荧光光谱对2007年夏季太湖入湖河口和大太湖开敞区有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)浓度及来源进行研究.结果表明,河口区和开敞区CDOM吸收系数a(355)存在显著空间差异,河口区明显大于开敞(ANOVA,P<0.001),a(355)最大值出现在大浦河口和竺山湾漕桥河几附近,最小值出现在东太湖和胥口湾.a(355)与溶解性有机碳、化学耗氧量浓度存在显著正相关.所有样品一般都含有4个明显的荧光峰,包括1个可见光区的类腐殖质荧光C峰,1个紫外光区的类腐殖酸荧光A峰,2个类蛋白荧光B峰和D峰.河口区外源输入的类腐殖质荧光非常强,最著大于开敞区(ANOVA,P<0.05).而河口区和开敞区类蛋白荧光没有显著性差异,反映开敞区除外源河流输入外,内源生物降解等对类蛋白荧光贡献增加.在河口区B、C峰的比值r(B/C)/b于1,均值为0.62±0.14、在开敞区r(B/C)除12#是0.92,其他值均大于1,均值为1.12±0.13,初步判断r(B/C)可以作为区分CDOM来源的重要参数.CDOM吸收a(355)与类腐殖质荧光C峰、A峰均存在极显著的正相关,而与类蛋白荧光相关性则明显下降,与D峰存在显著正相关,与B峰没有显著相关.     

有机改性粘土对铜绿微囊藻的絮凝去除

如何有效的去除富营养化水体中频繁出现的藻华,已成为湖泊环境治理中的一个迫切问题.通过用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性的原位沉积物为介质,利用搅拌器和沉积物再悬浮发生装置来研究烷基铵盐改性物质絮凝去除铜绿微囊藻细胞的作用和效果.结果表明,烷基铵盐和粘土的添加量分别为0.3g/L和0.2g/L,搅拌停止30min后,其去除效率达83.9%:在絮凝沉降500min后,水体中藻细胞去除率可达98.9%,较能有效的絮凝沉降藻细胞;同时水体的浊度也有相应的提高.电镜扫描表明这种活性剂形成的网捕包膜作用对藻细胞的沉降起到了重要作用.但烷基铵盐的杀菌作用可能会造成藻细胞内含物向水体释放的风险.     

西藏普莫雍错不同岩芯环境指标的对比研究及其反映的近200年来环境变化

在西藏南部普莫雍错不同位置处采集了四支岩芯沉积物,对其中一支利用~(210)pb和~(137)Cs方法建立了沉积物的年代序列,并对其他三支岩芯的上部沉积物进行了总有机碳、无机碳、粒度及化学元素含量的分析.结合沉积物年代,对不同岩芯的环境代用指标进行对比,讨论了该地区近200年来的环境变化状况.结果表明,不同位置处采集的岩芯其环境指标变化趋势在整体上具有一定的可比性,但在细节变化与环境指标的数值上仍具有明显的差异,显示了湖泊内部沉积状况的空间差异性,这可能是由于采样点水深、水下地形以及与主要补给河流距离的不同而造成的.PY04岩芯环境指标显示普莫雍错湖区环境在约1900AD之前较为稳定;在约1900-1940AD之间湖区环境波动加剧,地表侵蚀增强,沉积速率加快;湖区环境在1940AD左右发生了明显的变化,温度显著升高,沉积物粒度增大,湖泊处于退缩状态,表明湖泊环境向暖干化方向发展.     

太湖梅梁湾水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化

运用无扰动芯样实验室内流动培养、稳定同位素示踪、同位紊气态产物测定及同位素配对技术,对太湖梅梁湾北部到南部的4个梯度样点的水土界面反硝化和厌氧氨氧化速率进行研究.结果表明,梅梁湾内及湾外开敞湖区4个样点的水土界面反硝化脱氮速率为(46.36±13.26)-(16.34±22,74)μmol/(m~2·h),厌氧氨氧化脱氮速率为(7.50±2.21)-(2.05±2.90)～mol/(m~2.b).梅梁湾北部河口区水土界面总脱氮能力明显高于梅梁湾南部及开敞湖区.通过对脱氮过程的进一步研究发现.北部脱氮过程主要以上覆水硝酸盐为底物的非耦合反硝化过程(D_w)为优势过程,而梅梁湾外开敞湖区则以沉积物硝化过程耦合控制的反硝化(D_n)为主.影响D_n、D_w在反硝化中比重的主要因素是沉积物溶氧侵蚀深度和上覆水NO_3~-.浓度的差异;梅梁湾厌氧氨氧化脱氮比例占总脱氮比例为12%-14%,湾外开敞湖区则占11%,影响其比例差异的主要因子是反硝化强度的大小及其反硝化中间产物--亚硝酸盐含量的差异.     

太湖、洞庭湖野生青虾肌肉中有机氯农药的气相色谱-质谱法测定

使用气相色谱质谱技术测定了青虾肌肉组织中的8种有机氯农药.包括六氯苯、氯丹、滴滴涕(ΣDDTs)、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯和灭蚁灵,对太湖和洞庭湖15个点位29组野士青虾样品的测定结果显示,青虾肌肉组织内残留的有机氯农药主要是六氯苯和滴滴涕,六氯苯含量为nd-13.2μg/kg(湿重),滴滴涕含量为0.790-5.82μg/kg(湿重),洞庭湖青虾肌肉中有机氯农药的含量略高于太湖青虾,两湖青虾肌肉残留有机氯农药在枯水期时的含量多数大于丰水期时的含量.     

南疆沙漠腹地大气边界层气象要素廓线分析

利用塔中80m观测塔梯度系统采集的2006年8月、10月和2007年1月、4月的风、温度、湿度资料,结合气象站的同步气象资料,对南疆沙漠腹地近地层四季的晴天平均风速、温度、湿度廓线分布特征进行分析。结果表明,晴天平均风速白天随高度升高增加缓慢,夜间较快,低层风速白天比夜间大,高层则白天比夜间小,春夏季风速较大;四季平均温度廓线表现为夜间辐射型、早上过渡型、白天日射型和傍晚过渡型等四种类型,早、晚过渡时间四季各有不同,日最低、最高温度出现时间四季则相差不大;冬季夜间比湿随高度升高而增大,整个80m近地层表现为逆湿状态,其他季节逆湿一般出现在0．5—1m、1～2m、32—47m、63—80m等4个层次上,各逆湿层出现的时间各季节有所差异。     

1989年4月9日射电爆发中的准周期振荡特征

本文对1989年4月9日在2840 MHz上观测到的微波爆发进行分析,发现该爆发存在几十到几百秒的准周期振荡现象。这种现象可能与磁环的准周期现象有关,应遵从磁流体力学规律。通过简单初步分析,获得一些有意义的结果。     

Seasonal change in body length of important small copepods and relationship with environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay,China

Differences among species in prosome length and in species’ response to environmental factors do exist. Therefore, it is useful to examine prosome length for different copepod species in variable environments. Seasonal variations in prosome length of four small copepods and their copepodite stages in the Jiaozhou Bay were compared and the relative influence of temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll concentration were examined. Two peaks were found in the mean prosome length of Paracalanus parvus (in early winter and May). For Acartia bifilosa, the maximum values of all copepodites occurred mainly from February to April, and decreased to the bottom in July. Prosome length of Acartia pacifica peaked when it first appeared in June, then reached to the minimum in July. Parvocalanus crassirostris only appeared from late summer to autumn and the mean prosome length showed no clear changes. Correlations of adult prosome length with environmental factors were evaluated. For the four species, temperature was negatively correlated to prosome length except for P. crassirostris. But the different species varied markedly in their responds to temperature. A. bifilosa showed a more definite trend of size variation with temperature than P. parvus and A. pacifica. Correlations of prosome length with salinity were significantly positive for almost all the small copepods. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and prosome length was complicated for these copepods, but for P. parvus, chlorophyll concentration was also an important affecting factor. Furthermore, investigation needs to be done on food quality for some copepod. These results are essential to estimate the biomass and the production, and to understand these small copepods’ population dynamics in this human-affected bay.     

Geochemical evidence of paleogeography and paleoclimate during deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation in Kongnan area

The 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation has been made up of a large number of oil shale and mudstone in the Kongnan aera of Huanghua depression around the Bohai Bay. In the Kongnan area, the lake basins were very large and deep during the deposition of the 2nd Member of Kongdian Formation. During that period,the lakes were sealed, uncommunieated with the sea water and the paleoclimate was very warm and wet in Kongnan area. Analyzing the content of the trace element and the rare earth element, carbon and oxygen isotope in the disquisition, The authors prove the two views correct.     

RESPONSE OF EQUATORIAL PACIFIC UPPER OCEAN CURRENT TO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS

The characteristics of the response of equatorial Pacific upper ocean current to westerly wind bursts(WWB)were analyzed in the frequency domain by using wind and ADCP data collected by the Shiyan3 during TOGA-COARE IOP,1992-1993.The preliminary results showed that the response consistedof an eastward surface jet at shallower than 60m depth,a westward counter current centering near100m and a shear layer between them,with the variations of all three being nonlinear and nearlysynchronous.The oceanic responses in the frequency domain were characterized by occurrences of a remotely forced mixed Rossby-gravity wave with period of 8-10 days in the surface jet andcountercurrent at shallower than 110 m depth,and two locally forced waves with periods of 24 daysand 4-5 days limited in shallower than 70m depth.These fluctuations of the responses depended much more on zonal wind than meridional wind.The results also revealed that the oceanic response toWWB resulted from momentum transport and energy propagation assoc